中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (13): 2062-2068.doi: 10.12307/2022.334

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

星形胶质细胞在脊髓损伤中的作用及机制

李  帅,范一鸣,刘方煜,张洪宇,王岩松   

  1. 哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院骨五科,黑龙江省哈尔滨市  150000
  • 收稿日期:2020-11-23 修回日期:2020-11-28 接受日期:2020-12-31 出版日期:2022-05-08 发布日期:2021-12-20
  • 通讯作者: 王岩松,博士后,主任医师,哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院骨五科,黑龙江省哈尔滨市 150000
  • 作者简介:李帅,男,1995年生,黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市人,汉族,哈尔滨医科大学在读硕士,主要从事星形胶质细胞、脊髓损伤相关研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(81871781),项目负责人:王岩松

Effect and mechanism of astrocytes in spinal cord injury

Li Shuai, Fan Yiming, Liu Fangyu, Zhang Hongyu, Wang Yansong   

  1. Fifth Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, Heilongjiang Province, China
  • Received:2020-11-23 Revised:2020-11-28 Accepted:2020-12-31 Online:2022-05-08 Published:2021-12-20
  • Contact: Wang Yansong, MD, Chief physician, Fifth Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, Heilongjiang Province, China
  • About author:Li Shuai, Master candidate, Fifth Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, Heilongjiang Province, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81871781 (to WYS)

摘要:

文题释义:
脊髓损伤:是一种可使感觉、运动和自主神经功能丧失的毁灭性疾病,尚无有效方法解决这一巨大医疗难题。脊髓损伤可分为原发性损伤和继发性损伤,大多数的原发性损伤由暴力、外伤导致,继发性损伤是指在原发损伤后所发生的一系列进一步导致神经细胞死亡的复杂事件,其过程可概括为兴奋性毒性物质的产生、氧化损伤、炎症细胞的侵入等。
星形胶质细胞:在哺乳动物的中枢神经系统中数量最多且在生理状态下可维持中枢神经系统的内环境稳态、保持突触可塑性、保护神经细胞。在脊髓损伤后,星形胶质细胞也可活化为反应性星形胶质细胞进一步对中枢神经系统产生有利或不利的影响,既往研究发现了A1和A2两种类型的反应性星形胶质细胞,不同类型反应性星形胶质细胞的功能有着明显区别。 

背景:脊髓损伤的临床表现与损伤的严重程度和部位相关,尽管对脊髓损伤的研究已经持续了多年,但目前仍然没有有效的治疗方法来恢复受损脊髓的功能。
目的:对星形胶质细胞的特征、近年来有关反应性星形胶质细胞活化的研究以及相关治疗策略进行综述。
方法:在PubMed数据库中,以“spinal cord injury,astrocyte”为关键词进行检索;在万方数据库、CNKI中以“脊髓损伤,星形胶质细胞”为关键词进行检索,检索时限为2010年1月至2020年10月,按纳入和排除标准进行归纳总结,排除了与研究目的无关、年代较为久远以及重复性文章,纳入符合标准的61篇文献进行综述。 
结果与结论:星形胶质细胞的生理功能多样且对维持中枢神经系统稳定性极为重要,在脊髓损伤后星形胶质细胞也可活化为反应性星形胶质细胞进一步对神经系统产生有利或不利的影响。以星形胶质细胞为靶点治疗脊髓损伤可有效改善神经功能、减少脊髓损伤后炎症反应、促进轴突生长和再髓鞘化。反应性星形胶质细胞的活化类型和机制仍需进一步探究,相关治疗策略的安全性问题及成本问题也需进一步解决,因此还需要更深入地探索星形胶质细胞对于脊髓损伤的作用机制。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5320-8644(李帅) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 脊髓损伤, 继发性脊髓损伤, 星形胶质细胞, 反应性星形胶质细胞, 神经再生, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical manifestations of spinal cord injury are related to the severity and location of injury. Although the research on spinal cord injury has lasted for many years, there is still no effective treatment to restore the function of injured spinal cord. 
OBJECTIVE: To review the characteristics of astrocytes, the activation of reactive astrocytes in recent years and the related therapeutic strategies. 
METHODS: In PubMed database, the key words of “spinal cord injury, astrocyte” were searched. The key words of “spinal cord injury, astrocyte” were searched in Wanfang and CNKI. The retrieval time limit was from January 2010 to October 2020. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, articles unrelated to the research purpose, long-standing and repetitive articles were excluded, and 61 articles meeting the criteria were included for review.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The physiological functions of astrocytes are diverse and are very important for maintaining the stability of the central nervous system. Astrocytes can also be activated into reactive astrocytes after spinal cord injury, which will have beneficial or adverse effects on the nervous system. Treatment of spinal cord injury with astrocytes can effectively improve neurological function, reduce inflammatory reaction after spinal cord injury, and promote axon growth and remyelination. The activation types and mechanisms of reactive astrocytes need to be further explored, and the safety and cost issues of related treatment strategies need to be further solved. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the mechanism of astrocytes in spinal cord injury.

Key words: spinal cord injury, secondary spinal cord injury, astrocyte, reactive astrocyte, nerve regeneration, review

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