中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (26): 4211-4216.doi: 10.12307/2021.123

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

股骨头坏死动物模型的分类研究与应用

魏  巍1,楼鹏强1,侯德才2   

  1. 1辽宁中医药大学,辽宁省沈阳市   110032;2辽宁中医药大学附属医院骨二科,辽宁省沈阳市   110032
  • 收稿日期:2020-06-17 修回日期:2020-06-20 接受日期:2020-07-29 出版日期:2021-09-18 发布日期:2021-05-12
  • 通讯作者: 侯德才,博士,教授,博士生导师,辽宁中医药大学附属医院骨二科,辽宁省沈阳市 110032 E-mail:849800237@qq.com
  • 作者简介:魏巍,男,1992年生,辽宁省沈阳市人,满族,辽宁中医药大学在读博士,主要从事骨坏死与骨性关节炎方面的研究。 楼鹏强,男,1996年生,汉族,辽宁中医药大学在读硕士,主要从事骨坏死与骨性关节炎方面的研究。

Animal models of femoral head necrosis: classification and application

Wei Wei1, Lou Pengqiang1, Hou Decai2   

  1. 1Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning Province, China; 2Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning Province, China
  • Received:2020-06-17 Revised:2020-06-20 Accepted:2020-07-29 Online:2021-09-18 Published:2021-05-12
  • Contact: Hou Decai, MD, Professor, Doctoral supervisor, Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning Province, China E-mail:849800237@qq.com
  • About author:Wei Wei, MD candidate, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning Province, China Lou Pengqiang, Master candidate, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning Province, China

摘要:

文题释义:

动物模型:是指目前实验室中建立的具有人类疾病模拟表现的动物模型,可模拟或者复制人类疾病的病理生理过程。股骨头坏死动物模型多样化,但并没有统一标准,总结动物模型的优缺点,有利于开展实验研究,并为临床诊疗提供依据。
股骨头坏死:是一种骨质的坏死与修复同时存在的病理演变过程。人类的股骨头坏死发病率越来越高,要想攻克股骨头坏死这一难题,可使用不同方法在动物实验中寻求突破口,因此构建完美的股骨头坏死模型是问题的关键所在。

背景:目前在基础研究方面,股骨头坏死的模型建立进展较缓慢,并且大多数研究并未阐述各种动物模型的优缺点及优选方法。
目的:探索目前最适合的股骨头坏死动物造模方法及思路,综述各模型的优缺点,并提出目前所存在的问题及解决方法,为以后的疾病研究提供参考及观点依据。
方法:应用计算机检索2009至2020年CNKI、PubMed数据库、万方数据知识服务平台,英文检索词 “osteonecrosis of the femoral head,animal model,osteoarthritis,collapse  of  the  femoral  head,trauma,corticosteroid,alcohol,liquid nitrogen”;中文检索词“股骨头坏死,动物模型,创伤,激素,酒精,液氮”,最终共纳入55篇文献。

结果与结论:①股骨头坏死的常见原因包括酒精、激素以及机械创伤;②其中大鼠无呕吐反射中枢,在酒精型造模中较为常用;③激素引起股骨头坏死的机制尚不明确,主要有脂肪代谢紊乱、血管内凝血和骨质疏松3种假说;动物实验中激素造模的发病机制与人类相似,也可以反映后期股骨头坏死的病理变化;④创伤后股骨头发生软骨下骨折、局部塌陷导致血液循环障碍,引起股骨头缺血坏死;但在动物实验中,创伤型动物的发病机制与人类不相同;⑤但是目前各类动物模型中都存在问题:在激素模型的造模中,激素种类的选取与用量未有统一的标准,模型坏死的部位具有不确定性;犬冷冻模型近几年较受欢迎,但缺乏成熟且精确的操作方法,冷冻范围的不确定对造模后期有一定影响;大部分创伤模型与人类的发病机制不同。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-9310 (魏巍)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

关键词: 骨, 股骨头坏死, 动物, 模型, 酒精, 激素, 创伤, 综述

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: The development of a model of femoral head necrosis has been slow, and most studies have not elaborated the advantages and disadvantages of various animal models and optimal selection methods

OBJECTIVE: To explore the most suitable animal modeling methods and modeling ideas, summarize the advantages and disadvantages of each model, and point out the existing problems and solutions, providing basis and ideas for the subsequent research on femoral head necrosis.
METHODS: A search of CNKI, PubMed, and WanFang databases was performed for relevant articles published from 2009 to 2020 using the keywords of “osteonecrosis of the femoral head, animal model, osteoarthritis, collapse of the femoral head, trauma, corticosteroid, alcohol, liquid nitrogen” in Chinese and English, respectively. Finally, 55 eligible articles were included for review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Common causes of femoral head necrosis include alcohol, hormones, and mechanical trauma. Among them, there is no vomiting reflex center in rats, which is more commonly used in alcohol-based modeling. The mechanism of hormone-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head is still unclear, mainly including three hypotheses: fat metabolism disorder, intravascular coagulation and osteoporosis. The pathogenesis of hormone-induced modeling in animal experiments is similar to humans, and it can also reflect the pathological changes of femoral head necrosis in the advanced stage. After the trauma, the femoral head suffers subchondral fracture and local collapse caused blood circulation disorder, which causes ischemic necrosis of the femoral head. But in animal experiments, the pathogenesis of trauma in animals is different from that of humans. However, there are certain problems in various animal studies: (1) In the modeling of hormone-induced models, there is no unified standard for the selection and dosage of hormones, and the uncertainty of the site of model necrosis. (2) The freezing dog model is more popular in recent years, but it lacks mature and accurate operation methods. The uncertainty of the freezing range has a certain impact on the later stage of modeling. (3) The pathogenesis in most trauma models is different from human pathogenesis.
Key words: bone; femoral head necrosis; animal; model; alcohol; hormone; trauma; review

Key words: bone, femoral head necrosis, animal, model, alcohol, hormone, trauma, review

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