中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (3): 329-334.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2405

• 人工假体 artificial prosthesis •    下一篇

人工股骨头置换与股骨近端防旋髓内钉治疗高龄外侧壁危险型股骨转子间骨折的比较

韩  冰,刘宏滨,张传开,孙燚炎,冯  晖,赵日光,王  颖   

  1. 解放军陆军第71集团军医院骨科,江苏省徐州市  221004
  • 收稿日期:2019-01-25 修回日期:2019-02-03 接受日期:2019-04-15 出版日期:2020-01-28 发布日期:2019-12-24
  • 通讯作者: 刘宏滨,主任医师,硕士生导师,解放军陆军第71集团军医院骨科,江苏省徐州市 221004
  • 作者简介:韩冰,男,汉族,硕士,主治医师,主要从事创伤及关节骨科、组织工程研究。

Artificial femoral head arthroplasty versus proximal femoral nail antirotation for the injured lateral wall intertrochanteric fracture in elderly adults 

Han Bing, Liu Hongbin, Zhang Chuankai, Sun Yiyan, Feng Hui, Zhao Riguang, Wang Ying   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, the 71 Group Army Hospital of Chinese PLA, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2019-01-25 Revised:2019-02-03 Accepted:2019-04-15 Online:2020-01-28 Published:2019-12-24
  • Contact: Liu Hongbin, Chief physician, Master’s supervisor, Department of Orthopedics, the 71 Group Army Hospital of Chinese PLA, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, China
  • About author:Han Bing, Master, Attending physician, Department of Orthopedics, the 71 Group Army Hospital of Chinese PLA, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, China

摘要:

文题释义:
AO分型:AO将股骨转子间骨折归为A类骨折。A1型:经转子的简单骨折,内侧骨皮质仍有良好的支撑,外侧骨皮质保持良好。A1.1型骨折端无嵌插;A1.2骨折端有嵌插;A1.3型骨折线累及至小转子下。A2型:经转子的粉碎性骨折,内侧及后方骨皮质在数个平面上破裂,但外侧骨皮质保持良好。A2.1型有1个中间骨块;A2.2型有2个中间骨块;A2.3型有2个以上的中间骨块。A3型:逆转子间骨折,骨折线通过骨外侧皮质。A3.1型逆转子骨折,简单骨折;A3.2型逆转子骨折,横行骨折;A3.3型逆转子骨折,粉碎性骨折;在AO分型中,A2.2型和A2.3型即是外侧壁危险型。
外侧壁:此概念是以色列医生Gotfried在2004年提出来的,指的是股外侧肌嵴以远的股骨近端外侧皮质,在临床上分为3型。Ⅰ型:外侧壁稳定型,即AO分型的A1,A2.1型;Ⅱ型:外侧壁危险型,即AO分型的A2.2,A2.3型;Ⅲ型:原发外侧壁骨折型,即AO分型的A3型。

背景:对于高龄患者转子间骨折的治疗,如无手术禁忌,建议采取手术治疗。手术方式分为内固定及关节置换,手术技术较为成熟,但在手术方式的选择上争议很大。

目的:使用人工股骨头置换、股骨近端防旋髓内钉治疗高龄外侧壁危险型转子间骨折患者,对这2种方法的疗效进行比较,为临床上治疗方法的选择提供依据,为大样本系统分析提供原始数据。

方法:根据病例纳入标准,选择解放军陆军第71集团军医院骨科2012年1月至2017年12月收治的AO分型A2.2,A2.3型股骨转子间骨折患者48例,根据治疗方案分为2组,其中股骨头置换组29例,股骨近端防旋髓内钉组19例。所有患者对治疗及试验方案均知情同意,且得到医院伦理委员会批准。随访1-3年,比较2组患者的手术时间、出血量、住院费用、并发症发生率以及术后1个月、1年的髋关节Harris评分。

结果与结论:①经统计学分析,手术时间上股骨头置换组短于股骨近端防旋髓内钉组,差异有显著性意义 (P < 0.05);在出血量上,2组差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);在住院费用上股骨头置换比股骨近端防旋髓内钉组多,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);②术后1个月髋关节Harris评分,股骨头置换组优于股骨近端防旋髓内钉组(P < 0.05);术后1年的髋关节Harris评分,2组差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);③在并发症发生率的统计上,2组差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);④提示治疗70岁以上的外侧壁危险型股骨转子间骨折,人工股骨头置换具有下床活动早、生活质量高、关节功能恢复快等优点,建议优先选择人工股骨头置换。

ORCID: 0000-0001-7475-5519(韩冰)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 股骨转子间骨折, 老年, 人工股骨头置换, 股骨近端防旋髓内钉, 外侧壁, 并发症

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: For the treatment of intertrochanteric fracture in elderly patients, if there is no operative contraindication, surgical treatment is recommended. Operative methods include internal fixation and joint replacement. Surgical techniques are mature, but the choice of surgical methods is controversial.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of artificial femoral head arthroplasty and proximal femoral nail antirotation in elderly patients with injured lateral wall femoral intertrochanteric fracture so as to provide the basis of clinical method selection and to provide the original data for the systematic analysis of large sample.

METHODS: According to the case criterion, 48 cases of AO classification of type A2.2, A2.3 intertrochanteric fractures were selected in Department of Orthopedics, the 71 Group Army Hospital of Chinese PLA from January 2012 to December 2017. They were divided into femoral head arthroplasty group (n=29) and proximal femoral nail antirotation group (n=19). All patients signed the informed consent. This study was approved by the Hospital Ethics Committee. The patients were followed up for 1-3 years. Operation time, bleeding volume, hospitalization expenses, the incidence of complications, and Harris hip score at 1 month and 1 year after the surgery were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) After statistical analysis, operation time was significantly shorter in the femoral head arthroplasty group than in the proximal femoral nail antirotation group (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant in bleeding volume between the two groups (P > 0.05). The cost of hospitalization was significantly more in the femoral head arthroplasty group than in the proximal femoral nail antirotation group (P < 0.05). (2) Harris hip score was significantly better in the femoral head arthroplasty group than in the proximal femoral nail antirotation group at 1 month after operation (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in Harris hip score between the two groups at 1 year after operation (P > 0.05). (3) There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups (P > 0.05). (4) For the patients over 70 years old with intertrochanteric fracture of injured lateral wall, artificial femoral head replacement has the advantages of early getting out of bed, high quality of life and quick recovery of joint function. It is suggested to choose artificial femoral head replacement first.

Key words: femoral intertrochanteric fracture, senile, artificial femoral head arthrolasty, proximal femoral nail antirotation, lateral wall, complications

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