中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (3): 335-341.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2406

• 脊柱植入物 spinal implant • 上一篇    下一篇

后路双牵开摆动式椎间盘镜下单纯融合器置入治疗腰椎管狭窄并失稳症的中长期评估 

张春霖,尚利杰,严  旭,曹争明,邵成龙,冯  阳   

  1. 郑州大学第一附属医院微创脊柱外科,河南省郑州市  450000
  • 收稿日期:2019-05-20 修回日期:2019-05-27 接受日期:2019-06-27 出版日期:2020-01-28 发布日期:2019-12-25
  • 通讯作者: 张春霖,郑州大学第一附属医院微创脊柱外科,河南省郑州市 450000
  • 作者简介:张春霖,男,1965年生,河南省郑州市人,汉族,1999年苏州大学医学院毕业,博士,教授,主任医师,硕士生导师,主要从事脊柱微创外科方面的研究。

Mid-long-term effect of only placed expandable interbody fusion cage in the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis with vertebral instability using micro-endoscopic discectomy system

Zhang Chunlin, Shang Lijie, Yan Xu, Cao Zhengming, Shao Chenglong, Feng Yang   

  1. Department of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
  • Received:2019-05-20 Revised:2019-05-27 Accepted:2019-06-27 Online:2020-01-28 Published:2019-12-25
  • Contact: Zhang Chunlin, Department of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
  • About author:Zhang Chunlin, MD, Professor, Chief physician, Master’s supervisor, Department of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China

摘要:

文题释义:
腰椎管狭窄症:是指多种原因引起的软组织增生肥厚或骨质增生,导致椎管或神经根管的容积较正常缩小,压迫从此处通过的脊神经根或者马尾神经而引起的一系列临床症状。
腰椎失稳症:2000年美国骨科医师协会对于腰椎失稳的定义为脊柱在受力时会出现异常活动,无法在受到正常生理负荷的情况下保持稳定,因此导致腰椎间正常的对合关系丧失,从而引发与体位变换、活动有关的一系列临床症状。
膨胀式融合器:是一种前段扁平柱状的可扩张型融合器,通过前端内芯可纵向撑开,膨胀后的楔形结构前端高出后端3.0-4.0 mm,形成“腹侧高背侧低”的结构特性,可维持脊柱正常生理曲度。

背景:腰椎管狭窄并失稳症发病人数逐年增高,可引起患者腰腿疼痛、间歇性跛行或者下肢区域性感觉麻木等症状,近年来学者们不断尝试各种微创治疗术式,如何进一步减小手术的创伤及并发症,提高微创手术治疗腰椎管狭窄并失稳症的临床效果,是亟待解决的重要问题。

目的:探讨后路双牵开摆动式椎间盘镜下经单侧入路单纯膨胀式融合器置入椎间融合治疗腰椎管狭窄并失稳症的中长期临床效果。

方法:回顾性自身对照临床试验于2012至2014年在郑州大学第一附属医院进行,采用后路椎间盘镜下单侧椎板小开窗减压并置入双枚膨胀式融合器治疗腰椎管狭窄症患者35例。试验经郑州大学第一附属医院伦理委员会批准。

结果与结论:①35例患者均获得随访,其中单节段者6例,二节段者20例,三节段者9例,共73个椎体间行融合,随访60-85个月,平均(70.17±5.40)个月;②35例患者手术时间35-75 min,平均(53.49±9.13)min,术中出血量50-250 mL,平均(114.86±54.23)mL;③1例术中发生硬脊膜破裂,术后出现低颅压性头痛,给予补液及止痛治疗3 d后头痛消失。切口愈合不良1例,给予负压封闭引流1周后愈合;④与术前相比,术后1周、6个月、1年、2年及末次随访时腰腿痛目测类比评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数及病变椎间隙高度均明显降低。术后6个月复查时31个(42.5%)椎间隙达到坚固融合,25个(34.2%)达到可能融合,17个(23.3%)未融合;术后1年复查时51个(69.9%)椎间隙达到坚固融合,22个(30.1%)达到可能融合;术后2年复查时57个(78.1%)椎间隙达到坚固融合,16个(21.9%)达到可能融合;末次随访复查时62个(84.9%)椎间隙达到坚固融合,11个(15.1%)达到可能融合;⑤末次随访时发现融合器移位1例,因无症状嘱患者定期复查;⑥结果提示,椎间盘镜下单纯膨胀式融合器置入椎间融合术治疗腰椎管狭窄并失稳症具有较好的中长期疗效,是一种较为可靠的微创术式。

ORCID: 0000-0001-9565-4485(张春霖)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 腰椎管狭窄症, 腰椎失稳症, 椎间盘镜, 单侧入路, 双侧减压, 膨胀式融合器, 椎间融合, 中长期, 临床效果

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: The incidence of lumbar spinal stenosis with vertebral instability is increasing year by year, which can cause symptoms such as waist and leg pain, lower limbs feeling numbness and intermittent claudication. In recent years, scholars have tried various minimally invasive treatment methods to further reduce the trauma and complications of surgery. The improvement of the clinical effect of minimally invasive surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis with vertebral instability is an important issue to be solved.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the mid-long-term effect of only placed expandable interbody fusion cage in the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis with vertebral instability using micro-endoscopic discectomy system.

METHODS: A retrospective, self-control clinical trial was conducted in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from 2012 to 2014. Totally 35 patients with lumbar spinal stenosis combined with vertebral instability were treated by only placed expandable interbody fusion cage using micro-endoscopic discectomy system. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) All 35 patients were followed-up for 60-85 months, mean (70.17±5.40) months. Among these patients, lumbar interbody fusion in 1 segment, 2 segments and 3 segments was performed in 6, 20 and 9 cases, respectively. A total of 73 intervertebral spaces were fused. (2) The mean operation time was 53.49±9.13 minutes (range, 35-75 minutes). The mean blood loss was 114.86±54.23 mL (range, 50-250 mL). (3) Dural rupture occurred in one case during operation and then hypotensive cranial pressure headache occurred after operation. Headache gradually eased after the patient received rehydration and analgesic treatment for 3 days. Poor incision healing occurred in one case after operation and then healed well after one-week vacuum sealing drainage technique. (4) The Visual Analogue Scale scores, Oswestry Disability Index, and height of intervertebral space were significantly decreased at 1 week, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years after surgery and the final follow-up compared to the preoperative ones. At 6 months after the operation, 31(42.5%) intervertebral spaces reached a strong fusion, 25(34.2%) possible fusion, and 17(23.3%) did not reach fusion. At 1 year after surgery, 51(69.9%) intervertebral spaces achieved a strong fusion and 22(30.1%) achieved possible fusion. At 2 years after surgery, 57(78.1%) intervertebral spaces achieved a strong fusion and 16(21.9%) achieved possible fusion. During final follow-up, 62(84.9%) intervertebral spaces achieved a strong fusion and 11(15.1%) achieved possible fusion. (5) At the last follow-up, cage migration was found in one case. The patient was not treated because of symptomless. (6) Unilateral approach only placed expandable interbody fusion cage by using micro-endoscopic discectomy system is a safe and reliable minimally surgical method, which has a good mid-long-term effect on lumbar spinal stenosis with vertebral instability. 

Key words: lumbar spinal stenosis, lumbar instability, discoscopy, unilateral approach, bilateral decompression, expandable fusion cage, intervertebral fusion, medium and long term, clinical effect

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