中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (27): 4297-4304.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2793

• 骨与关节生物力学 bone and joint biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

经椎间孔腰椎椎间融合结合不同椎弓根螺钉固定在单节段腰椎及邻近节段的生物力学特征

侯继春,曹     

  1. 哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院骨科,黑龙江省哈尔滨市  150001

  • 收稿日期:2019-12-19 修回日期:2019-12-28 接受日期:2020-02-19 出版日期:2020-09-28 发布日期:2020-09-07
  • 通讯作者: 曹杨,主任医师(副主任),哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院骨一科,黑龙江省哈尔滨市 150001
  • 作者简介:侯继春,男,1992年生,黑龙江省鸡西市人,汉族,哈尔滨医科大学在读硕士,医师,主要从事脊柱外科方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    哈尔滨市科学技术局项目(2013AA3BS016)

Biomechanical characteristics of transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion combined with different pedicle screw fixation methods in single-segment lumbar spine and adjacent segments

Hou Jichun, Cao Yang   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
  • Received:2019-12-19 Revised:2019-12-28 Accepted:2020-02-19 Online:2020-09-28 Published:2020-09-07
  • Contact: Cao Yang, Chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
  • About author:Hou Jichun, Master candidate, Physician, Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
  • Supported by:
    a grant from the Science and Technology Bureau of Harbin City, No. 2013AA3BS016

摘要:

文题释义:

生物力学:是应用力学原理和方法对生物体中的力学问题定量研究的生物物理学分支,分为体外和体内生物力学。体外生物力学实验通常将测试的内固定器械与动物标本共同组成的标本单位,采用此形式对离体标本进行脊柱屈伸、侧弯和旋转等生理载荷模式下的力学测试,可更加精确、方便和准确地获得内固定器械稳定性的指标参数。

经椎间孔椎间融合内固定术:通过切除部分关节突关节扩大椎间孔,行椎体间减压植骨,再给予椎弓根钉棒系统来增加椎体间稳定性,促进骨性融合。该入路不需要过度牵拉硬膜和走形神经根,减少硬膜和神经根的副损伤,同时保留了脊柱后方韧带复合体增加稳定性。

背景:对于腰椎退行性病变,早期给予有效固定达到椎间融合可重建脊柱稳定性,所以减压-固定-融合是脊柱外科手术的关键。

目的:比较经椎间孔腰椎椎间融合术下双侧椎弓根螺钉固定、单侧椎弓根螺钉固定、单侧椎弓根螺钉固定联合经对侧椎板小关节固定融合节段与邻近节段的生物力学稳定性。

方法选用18具新鲜小牛L3-5标本,在经椎间孔腰椎椎间融合术下进行不同的固定形式,分成A(完整标本)B(双侧椎弓根螺钉固定)C(单侧椎弓根螺钉固定)D(单侧椎弓根螺钉固定联合经对侧椎板小关节固定),分别测试邻近节段L3-4、融合节段L4-5在后伸、前屈、左侧弯、右侧弯、左旋转、右旋转6个方向上的活动范围值及融合节段L4-5的刚度值。

结果与结论:①对于融合节段L4-5的活动范围,B组6个方向的稳定性最高;D组次之,并在旋转方面与B组有相似结果(P > 0.05);C组右侧弯和左旋转的稳定性不足,关节活动度与A组比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);A组6个运动方向的活动度最大,稳定性最差;②对于融合节段L4-5的刚度值,B组6个方向的刚度值最大,与其他组比较差异均有显著性意义(P < 0.05);C组和D组左、右旋转下的刚度值比较差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05),A组6个运动方向的刚度值最低;③对于临近节段L3-4的活动范围,B组6个方向的活动范围最大,邻近节段承受负荷最大,同其他3组比较差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);D组除左、右旋转外其余方向的活动范围同C组、A组比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);C组和A组6个方向活动范围比较差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05);④结果表明,单侧椎弓根螺钉固定早期在右侧弯和左旋转方向的活动度大,接近于完整标本组,存在稳定性不足的缺点,临床中需要慎用并严格把握适应证。单侧椎弓根螺钉联合对侧经椎板关节突螺钉固定技术改进了单侧椎弓根螺钉不对称固定的弊端,增加了旋转和侧弯的稳定性,又可以避免双侧椎弓根螺钉固定对邻近节段的影响,可以成为临床的一种有效手术治疗方式。

ORCID: 0000-0002-2810-2047(侯继春)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 生物力学, 腰椎退行性疾病, 椎弓根螺钉, 双侧固定, 单侧固定, 经椎板关节突螺钉固定, 邻近节段退变, 经椎间孔腰椎间融合术

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Decompression-fixation-fusion is the key to spinal surgery since early effective fixation to achieve intervertebral fusion can restore spinal stability in lumbar degenerative disease.

OBJECTIVE: To compare biomechanical stability of fusion segment and adjacent segments of bilateral pedicle screw fixation, unilateral pedicle screw fixation and unilateral pedicle screw combined with contralateral translaminar facet screw fixation under transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion.

METHODS: Eighteen fresh calf L3-5 specimens were selected. Different forms of fixation were conducted under transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion. The specimens were divided into group A (complete specimens) and group B (bilateral pedicle screws), group C (unilateral pedicle screws), and group D (unilateral pedicle screw combined with contralateral translaminar facet screw). The range of motion of adjacent segment L3-4 and fusion segment L4-5 in six directions of backward extension, forward bending, left bending, right bending, left rotation and right rotation and the stiffness of fusion segment L4-5 were tested.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) For the range of motion of fusion segment L4-5, the stability was highest in the group B in six directions, followed by group D, which showed similar results in rotation in the group B (P > 0.05). The stability of right curvature and left rotation in group C was insufficient, and there was no significant difference in range of motion between group A and group C (P > 0.05). The range of motion in group A was largest and the stability was worst in the six motion directions. (2) For the stiffness value of fusion segment L4-5, the stiffness value of group B was largest in six directions, which was significantly different from other groups (P < 0.05). The stiffness values of group C and group D under left and right rotations were significantly different (P < 0.05). The stiffness values of group A in the six motion directions were lowest. (3) For the range of motion of adjacent segment L3-4, the range of motion of six directions in group B was largest, and the adjacent segment bore the largest load, which was significantly different from other three groups (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between group D and groups C and A in the range of motion of other directions except left and right rotations (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference between group C and group A in the range of motion of six directions (P > 0.05). (4) The results showed that the motion ramge of unilateral pedicle screw fixation in the right and left rotation directions was large in the early stage, which was close to that of the complete specimen group. There is a shortage of stability, so we need to use it carefully and grasp the indications strictly. Unilateral pedicle screw fixation combined with contralateral translaminar facet screw fixation improves the disadvantages of asymmetric fixation of unilateral pedicle screw, increases the stability of rotation and lateral bending, and avoids the influence of bilateral pedicle screw fixation on adjacent segments, thus becoming an effective clinical surgical treatment.

Key words: biomechanics, lumbar degenerative disease, pedicle screw, bilateral fixation, unilateral fixation, translaminar facet screw fixation, adjacent segment degeneration, transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion

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