中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (24): 3821-3825.doi: 10.12307/2021.086

• 骨与关节生物力学 bone and joint biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

新型颈椎前路经椎弓根固定钉板系统的研制及生物力学分析

孙玛骥,王秋安,张星晨,郭  冲,袁  峰,郭开今   

  1. 徐州医科大学附属医院,江苏省徐州市   221000
  • 收稿日期:2020-09-15 修回日期:2020-09-17 接受日期:2020-11-09 出版日期:2021-08-28 发布日期:2021-03-08
  • 通讯作者: 袁峰,博士,主任医师,徐州医科大学附属医院,江苏省徐州市 221000
  • 作者简介:孙玛骥,男,1988年生,江苏省沭阳县人,汉族,2014年徐州医科大学毕业,硕士,主治医师,主要从事脊柱外科方面的研究。 王秋安,男,1993年生,江苏省沭阳县人,汉族,2017年徐州医科大学毕业,医师,主要从事脊柱外科方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省科技厅项目(社会发展-临床前沿技术,BE2016647),项目负责人:袁峰

Development and biomechanical analysis of a new anterior cervical pedicle screw fixation system

Sun Maji, Wang Qiuan, Zhang Xingchen, Guo Chong, Yuan Feng, Guo Kaijin   

  1. Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2020-09-15 Revised:2020-09-17 Accepted:2020-11-09 Online:2021-08-28 Published:2021-03-08
  • Contact: Yuan Feng, MD, Chief physician, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu Province, China
  • About author:Sun Maji, Master, Attending physician, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu Province, China Wang Qiuan, Physician, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the Jiangsu Provincial Science and Technology Department Project, No. BE2016647 (to YF)

摘要:

文题释义:
新型颈椎前路经椎弓根固定钉板系统:依据前期研究所得的国人颈椎解剖结果,自主设计了一种新型颈椎前路经椎弓根锁定导向内固定系统,可行前路交叉椎弓螺钉固定或前路单侧椎弓根螺钉+椎体钉固定,更符合国人的解剖学特点。可通过一次前路手术获得前后路联合内固定稳定性,减少患者的手术创伤,降低术后并发症概率。
生物力学:是应用力学原理和方法对生物体中的力学问题定量研究的生物物理学分支。其研究范围从生物整体到系统、器官(包括血液、体液、脏器、骨骼等),从鸟飞、鱼游、鞭毛和纤毛运动到植物体液的输运等。生物力学的基础是能量守恒、动量定律、质量守恒三定律并加上描写物性的本构方程。生物力学研究的重点是与生理学、医学有关的力学问题,依研究对象的不同可分为生物流体力学、生物固体力学和运动生物力学等。

背景:临床中为了解决颈椎翻修/骨质疏松/长节段固定等问题,一般选择进行前、后路联合内固定来获得满意的术后稳定性,难免加重患者的手术创伤,增加术后并发症概率及住院费用。而颈前路反向椎弓根内固定可通过一次前路手术获得前后路联合内固定的稳定性,但临床缺少适用的颈前路椎弓根内固定系统。
目的:依据颈椎相关解剖结构研制出新型颈椎前路经椎弓根固定钉板系统,并在新鲜尸体颈椎标本上评价其生物力学性能,为初步临床应用提供依据。
方法:通过颈椎标本解剖数据获得新型钉板系统三维数值,通过3D打印技术制作出该系统。采用新鲜成人尸体颈椎标本,在完整状态下测量生物力学稳定性(A组:完整组);再制成C5-7失稳模型,依次在传统颈椎前路钉板系统固定(B组)、新型颈椎前路经椎弓根固定钉板系统4枚螺钉固定(C组)、新型颈椎前路经椎弓根固定钉板系统6枚螺钉固定(D组)的不同固定状态下进行位移、轴向刚度、扭转刚度等生物力学测试。
结果与结论:①在载荷-位移关系方面:D组平均位移较C组小25%,D组较B组小30%,C组较B组小18%,差异均有显著性意义(P < 0.05);②在颈椎的轴向刚度方面:D组比C组高20%,比B组高40%;C组比B组固定时高20%,D和C组均优于A组,差异均有显著性意义(P < 0.05);③在颈椎的扭转刚度方面:D组高于C组21%,高于B组40%;C组高于B组30%,差异均有显著性意义(P < 0.05);④生物力学测试显示,在载荷-位移、轴向刚度及扭转刚度方面,新型颈椎前路经椎弓根锁定导向内固定系统组优于传统组,同时6钉固定组(D组)优于4钉固定组(C组);提示新型颈前路经椎弓根固定钉板系统符合国人解剖特征且具有优于传统固定方式的力学稳定性,为临床提供了一种可靠的新型颈椎前路经椎弓根内固定系统。

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6677-4007 (孙玛骥) 
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 颈椎前路, 椎弓根, 螺钉, 内固定, 生物力学

Abstract: BACKGROUND: In clinical practice, to solve the problems of cervical spine revision/osteoporosis/long-segment fixation, anterior and posterior internal fixation is generally chosen to obtain satisfactory postoperative stability, which will inevitably aggravate the surgical trauma of the patients and increase probability of postoperative complications and hospitalization costs. The anterior cervical reverse pedicle internal fixation can obtain the stability of the anterior and posterior combined internal fixation through a single anterior operation, but there is no clinically applicable anterior cervical pedicle fixation system.
OBJECTIVE: A new anterior cervical pedicle screw fixation system was developed based on the relevant anatomical structure of the cervical spine, and its biomechanical properties were evaluated on fresh cadaver cervical spine specimens to provide a basis for preliminary clinical application. 
METHODS: The three-dimensional numerical value of the new nail plate system was obtained from the anatomical data of cervical spine specimens, and the system was produced by three-dimensional printing technology. Fresh adult cadaver cervical spine specimens were used to measure biomechanical stability in intact state (group A: complete group), and then to make a C5-7 instability model, followed by traditional cervical anterior nail plate system fixation (group B), anterior cervical spine displacement, strength, stiffness, torsion torque, under the fixed state of four screws fixed by the pedicle screw system (group C) and six screws (group D) of the anterior cervical pedicle screw system (group D) test.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) In terms of load-displacement relationship: the average displacement difference between group D and group C after the test was 25%, group D and group B were 30%, and group C and B were 18%, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). (2) In terms of the axial stiffness of the cervical spine: group D was 20% higher than group C and 40% higher than group B; group C was 20% higher than group B when fixed; group D and C were both better than group A; the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). (3) In terms of torsion mechanical properties of the cervical spine: the group D was higher than group C by 21%, higher than group B by 40%; group C was higher than group B by 30%; the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). (4) Biomechanical tests showed that in terms of load-displacement, axial stiffness and torsional mechanical properties, the anterior cervical pedicle locking and guiding internal fixation system group was better than the traditional group. The six-screw fixation group (group D) was better than the four-screw fixation group (group C). It is concluded that the new anterior cervical pedicle screw fixation system conforms to Chinese anatomy and has better mechanical stability than traditional fixation methods. It is a new reliable anterior cervical pedicle internal fixation system for clinical practice.

Key words: anterior cervical spine, pedicle, screw, internal fixation, biomechanics

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