中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (19): 3048-3054.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2040

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

间充质干细胞外泌体在神经系统疾病修复过程中的作用与应用

高振橙,刘  欣   

  1. 首都医科大学基础医学院,北京市  100069
  • 收稿日期:2019-06-06 修回日期:2019-06-13 接受日期:2019-09-07 出版日期:2020-07-08 发布日期:2020-04-09
  • 通讯作者: 高振橙,首都医科大学基础医学院,北京市 100069
  • 作者简介:高振橙,男,1998年生,北京市人,汉族,首都医科大学在读硕士。
  • 基金资助:
    北京市教育委员会科技计划(KM201910025027);长学制(七年制)导师项目(CXZDS2018007)

The role and application of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes in the treatment of nervous system diseases

Gao Zhencheng, Liu Xin   

  1. Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing100069, China
  • Received:2019-06-06 Revised:2019-06-13 Accepted:2019-09-07 Online:2020-07-08 Published:2020-04-09
  • Contact: Gao Zhencheng, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing100069, China
  • About author:Gao Zhencheng, Master candidate, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing100069, China
  • Supported by:
    Science and Technology Plan of Beijing Municipal Education Commission, No. KM201910025027; Tutor Project of Seven-year Education System, No. CXZDS2018007

摘要:

文题释义:

外泌体:是直径在30-120 nm的封闭脂质囊泡,属于多泡体分泌的细胞外囊泡。多种细胞在生理或病理情况下都能分泌外泌体。外泌体作为细胞间重要信息交流工具,在新型组织修复、疾病治疗与诊断领域有重要的前景。

间充质干细胞:是中胚层的一种多能干细胞,具有自我更新、向多种间充质系列细胞(如成骨、成软骨及成脂肪细胞等)或非间充质系列细胞分化、分泌细胞因子和细胞外囊泡、免疫调节、来源广泛等特点,被广泛用于组织修复研究。

背景:由于血脑屏障的存在,大分子药物无法通过血脑屏障进入脑部组织发挥药效,导致很多神经系统疾病、神经退行性疾病无法得到有效的治疗。近年来研究发现间充质干细胞外泌体以其体积微小、可装载脂质、蛋白、核酸等信号物质的特点,对脑血管病、阿尔茨海默症、癫痫、脊髓损伤等疾病具有组织修复的功效,逐渐成为治疗神经系统疾病的重要工具。

目的:从宏观与微观角度对间充质干细胞外泌体在神经系统疾病修复过程中的作用进行分析总结,并提出在外泌体基础研究和临床试验中存在的问题和注意事项。

方法:以“exosomes,extracellular vesicles,MSCs,mesenchymal stem cells,neurodegenerative diseases”为英文检索词,通过计算机检索PubMed数据库,纳入描述间充质干细胞来源外泌体的特性及修复作用的文章,排除重复与不相关文章,最终整理出35篇文献进行综述。

结果与结论:间充质干细胞外泌体具有易穿过血脑屏障、携带丰富的信号物质等生物学特点,在动物疾病模型中发挥重要作用,如抗炎、促进神经元生长、维持神经元数量、促进神经突重塑等;经过修饰后的外泌体可发挥比天然外泌体更有效的组织修复功能,可作为分子药物载体应用于特定的神经系统疾病治疗中。

ORCID: 0000-0002-1791-666X(高振橙)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 外泌体, 间充质干细胞, 神经系统疾病, 神经退行性疾病, 阿尔茨海默症, 脑血管病, 癫痫, 脊髓损伤, 组织修复

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Due to the existence of the blood-brain barrier, macromolecular drugs cannot enter the brain tissue through the blood-brain barrier to exhibit their therapeutic effects. Therefore, many nervous system diseases and neurodegenerative diseases cannot be effectively treated. In recent years, studies have found that mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes are characterized by small volume and can be loaded with lipid, protein, nucleic acid and other signal substances, which can repair the tissue damage induced by ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy and spinal cord injury. Mesenchymal stem cell exosomes have gradually become an important tool for the treatment of neurological diseases.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze and summarize the effects of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes on the treatment of nervous system diseases from both macroscopic and microscopic perspectives, and to present the problems and precautions in the basic research and clinical trials of exosomes.

METHODS: “Exosomes, extracellular vesicles, MSCs, mesenchymal stem cells, neurodegenerative diseases” were used as the English search terms. The PubMed database was searched by computer, and the articles describing the characteristics and repairing effects of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes were included. Irrelevant articles were excluded. Finally, 35 articles were included for further analysis.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes have biological characteristics such as crossing the blood-brain barrier easily, carrying abundant signal substances, and playing important roles in animal disease models, such as anti-inflammation, promotion of neuronal growth, maintaining the number of neurons, and promotion of neurite remodeling. Meanwhile, modified exosomes can play a more effective tissue-repairing function than natural exosomes, which can be used as a specific molecular drug carrier for the treatment of specific neurological diseases.

Key words: exosomes, mesenchymal stem cells, nervous system diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer’s disease, cerebrovascular disease, epilepsy, spinal cord injury, tissue repair 

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