中国组织工程研究 ›› 2016, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (38): 5770-5776.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.38.022

• 生物材料学术探讨 biomaterial academic discussion • 上一篇    

心血管病患者药物涂层支架载入药物的筛选与应用

邬  瑾
  

  1. 武汉大学人民医院,湖北省武汉市  430060
  • 收稿日期:2016-08-12 出版日期:2016-09-16 发布日期:2016-09-16
  • 作者简介:邬瑾,女,1968年生;汉族,1991年武汉同济医科大学毕业,副主任医师,主要从事临床内科研究。

Screening and application of drug-eluting stents in patients with cardiovascular diseases

Wu Jin
  

  1. Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
  • Received:2016-08-12 Online:2016-09-16 Published:2016-09-16
  • About author:Wu Jin, Associate chief physician, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China

摘要:

文章快速阅读:

 

文题释义:
药物涂层支架
:由支架平台、药物载体和药物三部分构成,支架能够扩张血管、阻止血管的反冲力和负性重塑;支架表面的药物载体携带药物,药物可以在不同时间从不同的涂层中缓慢释放,在局部维持较高药物浓度,发挥药理作用,通过药物的作用来抑制支架内再狭窄的发生。
药物涂层支架发生支架内血栓的机制:①抗增殖药物引起的再内皮化延迟:由于雷帕霉素、紫杉醇的抗增殖作用缺乏选择性,在抑制平滑肌细胞增生的同时也抑制血管内皮细胞的内皮化,使损伤部位难以愈合;②支架本身以及介入因素引起的局部炎症:支架本身材料或设计因素导致炎症反应和免疫反应,以及长期存在的载药聚合物涂层引起过敏反应和炎症反应都会增加血栓形成的风险;③患者本身因素。

背景:药物涂层支架的临床应用取得了卓越效果,但置入后的晚期支架内血栓发生使其临床应用安全性和远期疗效备受质疑,药物涂层支架也因此随之在不断地改良完善,而载入药物是降低支架内血栓发生的核心。
目的:分析药物涂层支架载入药物的筛选与应用。
方法:应用计算机检索PubMed数据库和万方数据库,中文检索词为“药物涂层支架;药物洗脱支架;雷帕霉素;紫杉醇;肝素;佐他莫司;依维莫司”,英文检索词为“drug eluting stents;Rapamycin (sirolimus);Paclitaxel;Heparin;Zotarolimus;Everolimus”,纳入文献时间限定为2010至2016年,按纳入排除标准选择30篇文献进行分析。
结果与结论:理想的药物涂层支架,其涂层中负载的药物应该选择性地抑制血管平滑肌,但是对血管内皮细胞没有作用或者有促进其增殖作用,同时期望具有抗凝血作用。目前药物涂层支架中的载入药物大都为抗血栓药物和抗组织增生药物,应用最广泛的主要有雷帕霉素和紫杉醇,虽然这两种抗增殖药物被证实能延迟血管内皮细胞再生并增加支架内血栓的风险,但新一代药物涂层支架中多数仍采用它们作为载入药物,仅有少数应用了雷帕霉素的衍生物,如依维莫司、佐他莫司或拜尔莫司、他克莫司和吡美莫司等。进一步研发携载能快速释放及修复内皮的新型抗增殖药物的内皮友好型药物涂层支架是目前研发的趋势和热点,药物的联合应用和双向药物释放支架将是药物涂层支架的又一个新的闪光点。

关键词: 生物材料, 缓释材料, 药物涂层支架, 雷帕霉素, 紫杉醇, 依维莫司, 佐他莫司, 肝素

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Drug-eluting stents have achieved better treatment outcomes, but late stent thrombosis shakes its status. With the development of drug-eluting stents, loaded drugs are the key to reduce stent thrombosis.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the screening and application of drug-eluting stents.
METHODS: A computer-based search was performed for literatures published from 2010 to 2016 in databases of PubMed and WanFang using the keywords of “drug eluting stents; rapamycin (sirolimus); paclitaxel; heparin; zotarolimus; everolimus” in English and Chinese, respectively. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 30 eligible literatures were included for analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUISON: An ideal drug-eluting stent can selectively inhibit vascular smooth muscle and is expected to be anti-coagulated, but makes no effects on vascular endothelial cells or promoting the cell proliferation. Most of the loaded drugs are antithrombotic and anti-proliferative drugs, among which, rapamycin-eluting and paclitaxel-eluting stents are extensively used. Regardless of delaying the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells and increasing the thrombosis risk, most of drug-eluting stents are still loaded with these two drugs, and only few stents loaded with rapamycin derivatives, such as everolimus, zotarolimus, tacrolimus and pimecrolimus. Current research focuses on developing a stent with rapid drug releasing and anti-proliferative capacity. Meanwhile, the combination of drugs and biphasic releasing are another novel idea. 

Key words: Drug-Eluting Stents, Sirolimus, Paclitaxel, Tissue Engineering

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