Table of Content

20 May 2012, Volume 16 Issue 21 Previous Issue    Next Issue

For Selected:

Download Citations EndNote Reference Manager ProCite BibTeX RefWorks

Toggle Thumbnails

Select

Histological observation of dog peripheral nerve regeneration induced by a novel biomimetic nerve conduit Xiang Jie1,2, Huang Ji-feng2, Li De-zhong2, Li Shi-pu3, Yan Yu-hua3, Yan Qiong-jiao3 2012, 16 (21):  3801-3805.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.21.001 Abstract ( 343 )   PDF (624KB) ( 517 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous research has shown that the novel arginine-glycine-aspatic acid (RGD) peptide modification of poly{(lactic acid)-co-[(glycolic acid)-alt-(L-lysine)]}/poly(d,l-lactic acid)/β-tricalcium phosphate/nerve growth factor (PRGD/PDLLA/β-TCP/NGF) composite nerve conduit can effectively repair 10-mm sciatic nerve defects of rats, while it possess good cell affinity and biocompatibility. OBJECTIVE: To observe the histological observation of dog peripheral nerve regeneration with PRGD/PDLLA/β-TCP/NGF composite nerve conduit. METHODS: Twelve healthy hybrid dogs were used as animal models. The conduits were employed to bridge the 30 mm defects in the peroneal nerve. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Newborn regenerated myelinated nerve fibers were found in the distal section at 3 months. The diameters of myelinated nerve fibers and thickness of myelin sheath were increased day by day. Tibialis anterior muscles showed gradual atrophy after operation, which peaked 3 months after denervation. Subsequently, the atrophy of tibialis anterior muscles recovered slowly at 6 and 9 months. This study proves the feasibility of the PRGD/PDLLA/β-TCP/NGF nerve conduit for repairing large-diameter nerve defects in large animals. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effects of exogenous ciliary neurotrophic factor on the regeneration and motor functional resumption of defected nerves  Jiang Guang-qing1, Zhang Ting-shen2 2012, 16 (21):  3806-3810.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.21.002 Abstract ( 433 )   PDF (476KB) ( 523 )   Save BACKGROUND: Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is a member of bioactive factor family and has obtained more attention by basic and clinical research for its pleiotropic effects. OBJECTIVE: to explore the effect and related factors about exogenous CNTF on the regeneration and motor functional resumption of defected nerves. METHODS: Forty rats were used to prepare nerve defect models and then randomly divided into four groups. The different concentrations of 0.2 mL CNTF (10, 20, 40 mg/L) were injected to the position of nerve defects of rats in three experimental groups. The same amount of saline was injected into the rats of control group. After operation, sciatic functional index, muscle evoked action potential, and morphological index of nerve regeneration and target organ changes were detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 4 weeks after treatment, sciatic functional index had no changes in different groups (P > 0.05).   At 8 and 12 weeks, sciatic functional index, motor nerve conduction velocity, wet weight and cross-sectional area survival rate of gastrocnemius in the experimental groups were more than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The number, diameter, cross-sectional area of myelinated fiber and thickness of myelin sheath from regenerated nerve distal part were less than those from autologous nerve proximal part (P < 0.05), especially in the 40 mg/L group. The certain concentration of exogenous CNTF in nerve regenerative chamber wrapped with biodegradable membrane can promote nerve structural regeneration and motor function resumption. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Preparation and in vitro degradation of poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyoctanoate)/acellular cartilage matrix composite scaffolds   Zhang Peng, Zhang Yong-hong 2012, 16 (21):  3811-3814.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.21.003 Abstract ( 380 )   PDF (572KB) ( 442 )   Save BACKGROUND: Poly (hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyoctanoate) (PHBHOx) has good biological characteristics, high biocompatibility and biodegradability. But the single material cannot satisfy the requirements of tissue engineering composite scaffolds. Acellular cartilag matrix (ACM) is commonly used in the preparation of composite scaffolds, and has excellent biocompatibility and no antigenicity. OBJECTIVE: To prepare the composite scaffolds and to observe the degradation rate of PHBHOx/ACM in vitro. METHODS: The articular cartilage from pigs were immersed in phosphate buffered saline containing double antioxidant, then cultured in tris hydroxymethyl aminomethane containing phenylmethanesulfony fluoride, digested with deoxyribonuclease and ribonuclease and rinsed with D-Hank’s solution to prepare ACM samples. Solvent casting-particle leaching method was used to prepare composite scaffolds with different ratios of ACM and PHBHOx. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In different proportion of PHBHOx/ACM composite scaffolds, 8% ACM accords with requirements for cartilage tissue engineering scaffolds.   Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effects of serum containing Tougu Xiaotong capsule on the expression of cartilage extracellular matrix   Xu Hui-feng1, Wu Zhui-le1, Li Xi-hai1, Xu Yan-fang2, Wu Zi-yu2, Zheng Chun-song3, Liu Xian-xiang3, Wu Ming-xia4 2012, 16 (21):  3815-3818.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.21.004 Abstract ( 354 )   PDF (380KB) ( 519 )   Save BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis causes the abnormal metabolism of chondrocytes, which will further disorder the degradation and restoration balance of the extracellular matrix. Tougu Xiaotong capsule has been proved to have a good efficacy on the treatment of osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of serum containing Tougu Xiaotong capsule on the expression of cartilage extracellular matrix. METHODS: Chondrocytes obtained from the knee joints of SD rats were cultured in vitro, and the third passage chondrocytes were intervened with serum containing Tougu Xiaotong capsule after synchronization. Fifty SD rats were divided into five groups randomly; the dose of the injection was conversed according to the drugs equivalent of human and animal. In the blank group, the rats were lavaged with normal saline; in the control group, the rats were lavaged with Zhuangguguanjie aqueous solution; in the experimental group, the rats were lavaged with 0.145, 0.290 and 0.580 mg/g per day Tougu Xiaotong capsule aqueous solution. The injection in each group lasted for 3 days, and fasting was preformed at 12 hours before blood collection. At 1 hour after the last administration, the abdominal aortic blood was collected and the serum was prepared.   RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Immunohistochemical staining of collagen type Ⅱ showed that the expression of collagen Ⅱ in the experimental group was stronger than that in the blank and control groups. In the experimental group, the mRNA and protein expression of collagen Ⅱ, proteoglycan and Aggrecan was significantly increased (P < 0.01), while the mRNA and protein expression of Cathepsin K was significantly decreased (P < 0.01). Serum containing Tougu Xiaotong capsule can increase the mRNA and protein expression of collagen Ⅱ, proteoglycan, and Aggrecan in chondrocytes, decrease the mRNA and protein expression of Cathepsin K, promote the synthesis of extracellular matrix, and regulate the dynamic equilibrium between extracellular matrix and chondrocytes. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Repairing bone defects by non-cell based tissue engineered complex constructed by autologous red bone marrow Huang Wen-liang1, Deng Jiang1, Jia Dong-lin2, Ruan Shi-qiang1, Yuan Cheng1 2012, 16 (21):  3819-3822.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.21.005 Abstract ( 356 )   PDF (355KB) ( 333 )   Save BACKGROUND: Cell based tissue engineered bone is successful in the repair of bone defects, but it is a complex operation, easy to be contaminated and takes a long time, and not conducive to clinical application. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of repairing large-segment bone defects by non-cell based tissue engineered complex constructed by autologous red bone marrow. METHODS: Twenty-seven rabbits were used to prepare 2 cm unilateral radial large-segment bone defect models, and then randomly divided into group A, group B and group C. Group A was implanted with autologous red bone marrow to construct tissue engineered bone (autologous red bone marrow+recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-1/coralline hydroxyapatite); group B was implanted with autologous red bone marrow/coralline hydroxyapatite artificial bone material; group C was implanted with coralline hydroxyapatite/recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-1 artificial bone material. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Group A was superior to the other two group in terms of osteogenic potential and material degradation by comparison of degree of bone formation, bone trabecular number, the structure formation of mature bone and implant degradation at 4, 8, 12 weeks after implantation (P < 0.05). Non-cell based tissue engineered bone constructed by autologous red bone marrow has better osteogenic activity, and effective to repair large-segment bone defects. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Bone-setting manipulation combined with percutaneous vertebroplasty using polymethylmethacrylate for treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral compression fractures Zhou Ying-jie, Zhao Gang, Li Sen, Zheng Huai-liang, Zhao Peng-fei 2012, 16 (21):  3823-3827.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.21.006 Abstract ( 358 )   PDF (306KB) ( 574 )   Save BACKGROUND: Percutaneous vertebroplasty technique and kyphosis vertebroplasty have been more widely used in clinic, which is considered as the ideal treatment for osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral compression fractures. OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical effects of bone-setting manipulation combined with percutaneous vertebroplasty versus percutaneous kyphosis vertebroplasty on osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral compression fractures. METHODS: Totally 59 cases with osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral compression fractures were divided into A and B group: A group was treated with bone-setting manipulation combined with percutaneous vertebroplasty, including 38 cases; B group received treatment with percutaneous kyphosis vertebroplasty, including 21 cases. The clinical therapeutic effects of the two groups were compared by observing the changes in anterior vertebral height, central vertebral height, visual analogue scale scoring, Cobb angle, fees and so on. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Anterior vertebral height, central vertebral height, visual analogue scale scoring, Cobb angle in the two groups were significantly improved after treatment (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). The fees in the A group were significantly lower than those in the B group (P < 0.05). Bone-setting manipulation with percutaneous vertebroplasty versus percutaneous kyphosis vertebroplasty has a certain effect, and can relieve fees, which can be selected as the preferred treatment for osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral compression fractures in the elderly. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effect and significance of polymethylmethacrylate bone cement in primary spinal metastasis cells  Fang Ji, Hu Zhen-ming, Hao Jie, Gan Qiang, Wang Da-wu, He Bin, Shui Wei, Zhong Xiao-ming, Zhang Xiao-jun, Jiang Wei, 2012, 16 (21):  3828-3832.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.21.007 Abstract ( 268 )   PDF (397KB) ( 468 )   Save BACKGROUND: Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) has been widely used and achieved good results in the treatment of senile osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture and vertebral tumor. However, some issues still need further study. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of polymethylmethacrylate bone cement (PMMA) on the apoptosis and cell cycles of spinal metastasis cells, and to investigate the possible mechanisms of PMMA acting on spinal metastases in vitro. METHODS: After primary culture, spinal metastasis cells were divided into three groups: control group, drawing-off stage PMMA group, cool stage PMMA group. After 24-hour treatment, the apoptosis of spinal metastases cells and its relationship with cell cycles were determined by flow cytometry. The expression of Bax and Caspase-3 mRNA were observed by SYBR green Ⅰ fluorescence quantitative PCR method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The cell apoptosis rates of the control, drawing-off stage PMMA and cool stage PMMA groups were (3.80±1.09)%, (43.46±8.55)%, (28.77±9.39)%, respectively. The latter two groups had significant effect (P < 0.05). Both groups of PMMA remarkably reduced the number of cells in the G0/G1 phase, and increased that in the S phase (P < 0.05). Drawing-off stage PMMA group could markedly increase the mRNA expression of Caspase-3 and Bax as compared with the control group after treatment for 24 hours (P < 0.05). PMMA can significantly induce the apoptosis of spinal metastasis cells and arrest their cell cycles in the S phase in vitro, as well as, with even more significant effect in drawing-off stage than in cool stage. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Relationship of insertion site and amount with effectiveness of polymethylmethacrylate bone cement in unipedicular percutaneous kyphoplasty  Xu Lei, Yang Hui-lin, Jiang Wei-min, Qian Ming, Cao Cheng, Hu Hai 2012, 16 (21):  3833-3837.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.21.008 Abstract ( 371 )   PDF (338KB) ( 402 )   Save BACKGROUND: Percutaneous kyphoplasty with polymethylmethacrylate bone cement in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebra compression fractures is effective and rapid in pain relief. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of unipedicular percutaneous kyphoplasty with polymethylmethacrylate bone cement in the treatment of OVCFs. METHODS: Twenty-two cases of fresh osteoporotic vertebra compression fractures were performed unipedicular percutaneous kyphoplasty with polymethylmethacrylate bone cement. Their clinical data were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The mean follow-up time for the 22 cases was 2.5 years. Of all the cases, the leakage percentage was 4.5% and new vertebra fractures incidence was 9.1%. At 2 years postoperatively, Visual Analogue Scale scores were significantly improved than those preoperatively (P < 0.001); in terms of the location of bone cement, five cases were on the left side, and nine cases were in the middle as well as eight cases were on the right side. There was no correlation between pain relief and the location of bone cement (P=0.192). The anterior vertebral and middle margin height was significantly recovered postoperatively (P < 0.05). The amount of bone cement was 1-5 mL. There was no correlation between the insertion amount of bone cement and Visual Analogue Scale scores during the 2-year follow-up. These findings suggest that unipedicular percutaneous kyphoplasty is safe and effective in pain relief, however, the insertion site and the amount of bone cement has no influence on pain relief. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

LIM mineralization protein 1 gene transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells combined with nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 plate in the treatment of canine femoral fractures  Xu Xiao-ping, Ni Wei-dong, Gao Shi-chang, Pu Chao, Huang Wei-hong 2012, 16 (21):  3838-3842.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.21.009 Abstract ( 456 )   PDF (478KB) ( 432 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 (n-HA/PA66) is a kind of high-strength and high-toughness composite material with excellent biocompatibility, biological safety, biological activity and bone conduction ability. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect and feasibility of n-HA /PA66 plate combined with bone marrow mesenchymal cells (BMSCs) transfected with human LIM mineralization protein 1 (LMP-1) gene for treatment of canine femoral fractures. METHODS: Canine BMSCs were isolated and cultured with density gradient centifugation method and adhesive culture method. The third-generation BMSCs were transfected with Adv-hLMP-1, and then combined with n-HA /PA66 plate. The dog models of femoral fractures were established in 48 dogs and were divided into four groups: Ad-LMP-1 transfection group, non-transfected group, n-HA/PA66 alone group and plate and screw groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The failure rate in the transfection group was lower than that in non-transfected group and n-HA/ PA66 plate group at 8 or 12 weeks postoperatively (P < 0.05), and had no statistical difference compared with plate and screw group (P > 0.05). The healing time of the transfection group was shorter than that of the other three groups. The plate in the transfection group was completely fused with canine femoral lateral cortex after 12 weeks of operation, and there was obvious bone formation between material and bone. The plate and canine lateral femoral cortex were only partially fused in the non-transfected group and n-HA/PA66 plate group, and there was no or a small amount of bone tissue formation between material and bone. The treatment of canine femoral fractures with n-HA/PA66 plate combined with BMSCs transfected with LMP-1 gene can get good fixation effects, promote the fracture healing and fusion with autogenous bone, without the need for a second operation to take out, but the strength of materials have some limitations, which must be combined with external fixation in the treatment of canine femoral fractures. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Modified nano-hydroxyapatite/poly (lactide-glycolide acid) combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for repair of rabbit radial bone defects Tan Yu-ying1, Shao Ying1, Li Yu-xin2, Xu Yang3, Li Chun1, Jin Hong-juan1, Zhang Duo1 2012, 16 (21):  3843-3846.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.21.010 Abstract ( 414 )   PDF (376KB) ( 442 )   Save BACKGROUND: Practical tests showed that the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) could proliferate and adhere on the surface of modifiednano-hydroxyapatite/poly (lactide-glycolide acid) (PLGA/g-HA) that demonstrated that the PLGA/g-HA had a good biocompatibility. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of BMSCs combined with modified PLGA/g-HA on repair of rabbit radial bone defect. METHODS: Model of 15 mm rabbit radial bone defect was established. The rabbits were randomly divided into three groups. The blank group was without any treatment, the experimental group was implanted with modified PLGA/g-HA + BMSCs, and the control group was treated with modified PLGA/g-HA. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: ①X-ray evaluation: The extent and speed of repair in the experimental group were obviously increased compared with the blank group and control group after 1-12 weeks of operation (P < 0.05). ②Histological observation: At 4 weeks, new formed bone could be seen, fibrous tissue extended into the space of scaffold, and bone lacuna was partially formed in the experimental group; At 8 weeks, new formed bone was increased and mature bone trabecula could be seen in the experimental group; Furthermore, at 12 weeks after operation, a great amount of mature osteoblasts could be seen, trabecular bone tightly packed, and the implants was gradually replaced by normal bone tissues in the experimental group. The experimental group showed its bone trabecula earlier than the blank group and control group. Tissue-engineered bone tissues constructed by BMSCs combined with modified PLGA/g-HA can promote the new bone formation of defect. The BMSCs combined with modified PLGA/g-HA are superior to the simple scaffolds.   Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Comparative study on the different molecule weight of poly-L-lactic acid in the biological function of composite materials☆ Zhang Ning, Li Yun-sheng 2012, 16 (21):  3847-3850.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.21.011 Abstract ( 301 )   PDF (253KB) ( 397 )   Save BACKGROUND: With the development of technology, poly-L-lactic acid/β-tricalcium phosphate composite materials show good characters in the tissue engineering, which can promote osteoblast proliferation, reduce rejection reactions, and improve bone healing in a dose-dependent manner. OBJECTIVE: To test the influence of poly-L-lactic acid with different molecule weights on the structure and function of poly-L-lactic acid/β-tricalcium phosphate composite scaffolds. METHODS: Poly-L-lactic acid with molecule weights of 200 000 and 380 000 were combined with β-tricalcium phosphate to produce composite scaffolds by using freeze-drying method. Porosity and pore size of the samples were measured. The fetal rabbit bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were cultured and expanded in vitro. They were harvested and seeded into the prepared poly-L-lactic acid/β-tricalcium phosphate scaffolds. The 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2, 5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and alkaline phosphatase were examined for comparison between normal cultured BMSCs and those cultured on the different poly-L-lactic acid/β-tricalcium phosphate scaffolds. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Images of scanning electron microscope showed that the cells adhered to the scaffolds greatly. The value of MTT and alkaline phosphatase showed no significant difference (P > 0.05). The molecule weight of poly-L-lactic acid has no influence on the biological function of composite materials. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Design of a biomimetic nanoscaled spinal cage by using computed tomography based three-dimensional construction Guo Hong-gang1, Liu Jing2, Li Feng-tan1, Yang Shao-guang3, Chen Zhi4, Yao Fang-lian5, Dai Feng-ying6, Liu Wen-guang6 2012, 16 (21):  3851-3854.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.21.012 Abstract ( 343 )   PDF (351KB) ( 409 )   Save BACKGROUND: The surface characteristics of nanoscaled spinal cage are the key factors to restrict the long-term clinical efficacy. The key step to develop the nanoscaled spinal cage is how to optimize the biological activity and structural features of the biodegradable cage to meet the cell growth. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the feasibility of digital imaging and surface-modification in developing the spinal cage and to evaluate the method to construct the scaffold.  METHODS: The morphology of the scaffold was obtained by analyzing anatomic data from digital scanning in spinal area; the biomimetic nanoscaled spinal cage was made with combination of β-tricalcium phosphate/chitosan/polycarpolactone via Nd: YAG with RGD modification. Morphology of the scaffold was observed, and its compatibility, hydrophilicity and degradation and biomechanic characteristics were observed at different periods. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The three-dimensional construction of imaging could improve the fabrication accuracy of outer morphology for the scaffold, and it could reduce the parameter error during the simple physical and chemical preparation process which made the physical layout of the scaffold was remarkably arranged. As a satisfactory candidate for the spinal cage, Nd: YAG plus RGD surfaced modified scaffold showed more stable chemophysical characteristics and excellent affinity, and can meet the mechanical requirements of cage scaffolds. It has a good biocompatibility and has been regarded as an ideal candidate material for spinal cages.   Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Construction of tissue engineering bladder mucosa by collagen sponge in vitro Zhang Ming1, Xu Ming-xi1, Wu Jia-sheng2, Li Wei2, Sun Kang2, Wang Zhong1, Zhou Zhe1, Lu Mu-jun1 2012, 16 (21):  3855-3858.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.21.013 Abstract ( 349 )   PDF (397KB) ( 410 )   Save BACKGROUND: Construction of tissue engineering bladder mucosa is very important in the repair of tissue engineering bladder. But there is no reasonable repair method up to now. OBJECTIVE: To construct the bladder mucosa by collagen sponge scaffold combined with porcine bladder cells. METHODS: The urothelial cells were scraped from the porcine urinary bladder mucosa, and digested by trypsin for primary culture. The marker of urothelial cells at passage three were detected by immunofluorescence and reverse transcription-PCR. Porous collagen sponge scaffolds were made. The urothelial cells at passage three were seeded on the collagen sponge scaffolds. After cultured for 4-8 days, the cell-collagen sponge composites were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Primary cultured porcine bladder urothelial cells were polygon and paving stone-like, and they could form the clone groups. Immunofluorescence identification of AE1/AE3 was positive, reverse transcription-RCR detection of uroplakin-IA and uroplakin-Ⅱ were positive. The histological study found that after cultured for 4-8 days, the cells grew well on collagen sponge scaffold, the cells covering the surface of collagen materials and growing into the scaffold maintained the characteristics of urothelial cells. After cultured for 6 days in vitro, the cell-seeded collagen scaffold grew best with the highest number of cells compared to 4 and 8 days. Urothelial cell-seeded collagen sponge is a suitable material for the repair of bladder mucosa by tissue engineering technology in vitro. The best time of culture before replantation in vitro is 6 days. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Ureteral histological changes following poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) ureteral stenting in dogs Geng Yu-chen 2012, 16 (21):  3859-3863.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.21.014 Abstract ( 404 )   PDF (498KB) ( 491 )   Save BACKGROUND: Biomaterials as urinary system tissue engineering scaffolds should have excellent biocompatibility and be conducive to the cellular growth around tissue. OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility of preparing poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolymer as a biodegradable urethral scaffold, and to evaluate ureteral histological changes after scaffold implantation. METHODS: Nanometer poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolymer was prepared as an urethral scaffold, which was cross-linked and modified with polylysine. The cross-linked scaffold was cut into 0.8-cm fragments, and then implanted into canine ureter for in vivo observation experiments. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Nanometer scaffold tube had a nano-structure, about 90% porosity, and (30±18) µm aperture, and fiber surface became rough after polylysine cross-linked modification. At 30 days after scaffold implantation, the scaffold was fused with the surrounding tissues and cleavage into small pieces. At 15 days after scaffold implantation, fiber epithelial shedding, structural disorders, and obvious inflammation were visible; at 30 days, inflammation was significantly improved, but tissue structure remains irregular; at 45 days, ureteral full-thickness tissue returned to be normal, and inflammation was improved. Experimental findings indicate that, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolymer implanted into the canine ureteral scaffold shows good biocompatibility, which is consistent with the requirements for urinary system tissue engineering scaffolds. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Feasibility of acellular dermal matrix as a dermal substitute in tissue engineering  Liu Po1, Qi Shao-hai2, Shu Bin2, Xie Ju-lin2, Xu Ying-bin2, Liu Xu-sheng2 2012, 16 (21):  3864-3868.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.21.015 Abstract ( 323 )   PDF (385KB) ( 718 )   Save BACKGROUND: Tissue engineered skin has been used to repair defect skin. Acellular dermal matrix (ADM) had no immunogenicity, which cannot lead to rejection following transplantation, thus, this is an ideal dermal substitute for tissue engineered skin. OBJECTIVE: To explore the biocompatibility of ADM.　 METHODS: The histocompatibility, hydrophilicity and mechanical performance of ADM were detected by cytotoxicity test in vitro and vivo, equilibrium water content, swelling degree and biomechanical analysis.　 RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: No cell component was observed in the ADM. The ventage of ADM was 100-180 µm in diameter. In the experimental group, equilibrium water content was (69.6±3.97)%, swelling degree was 2.3±0.42 and the breakage force was (3.082±0.046) N. There was no significant difference between experimental and control groups (P > 0.05). It was indicated that in cytotoxicity test, no inhibition effect on dermal papilla cells in vitro and no severe immunological rejection in vivo was found. The selected ADM could be an optimal biological material as a substitute of dermal with good histocompatibility, low immunogenicity and moderate mechanical performance. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Clinical application of bio-artificial duramater in repair of dural defects in traumatic brain injury patients  Luo Wu-feng, Li Han-cheng, Chen Man-hua, Liu Jun-bo, Hong Ying-biao 2012, 16 (21):  3869-3872.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.21.016 Abstract ( 377 )   PDF (346KB) ( 428 )   Save BACKGROUND: The integrity of the dura mater is very important for the prognosis of patients with head injury. OBJECTIVE: To observe and analyze the clinical data regarding the application of bio-artificial duramater in dural relaxing suture in patients with traumatic brain injury as well as to evaluate the use value. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the curative effects of bio-artificial duramater in the repair of dural defects in 132 cases of traumatic brain injury as well as follow-up results. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: By the end of 1-year follow-up, 64 patients were included in result analysis. After operation, there were 22 cases of hydrocephalus, eight cases of subcutaneous effusion, four cases of extradural hematoma, two cases of cerebrospinal fluid incision leakage and one case of rhinorrhea. After repair, head CT revealed no abnormal reactions related to bio-artificial duramater. Forty-two patients had a good fusion of artificial duramater and normal dura mater, and no adhesion and inflammatory reactions after 3-6 months. These findings indicate that bio-artificial duramater can reduce complications, have a good fusion with the normal dura mater and protect the cerebral cortex. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Comparison between ultrapro hernia system and prolene hernia system in the treatment of inguinal hernia  Song Xue-min, Huang Shi-feng 2012, 16 (21):  3873-3876.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.21.017 Abstract ( 327 )   PDF (330KB) ( 613 )   Save BACKGROUND: Heavyweight prolene hernia system as an anterior approach to preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair has become a commonly used technique at home and abroad, but some patients still feel chronic pain and foreign body sensation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical outcomes of ultrapro hernia system and prolene hernia system in inguinal hernia repair. METHODS: From February 2008 to December 2010, 155 patients with unilateral inguinal hernia were operated on with ultrapro hernia system (n=79) or prolene hernia system (n=76) devices. All patients were followed up 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were no significant differences in operative time, hospital stay, and postoperative complications between the ultrapro hernia system and prolene hernia system groups (P > 0.05). The average pain score in the ultrapro hernia system group was lower than that in the prolene hernia system group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). More patients complained of foreign body sensation in the prolene hernia system group compared with the ultrapro hernia system group (P < 0. 05). There was no recurrence in the two groups. Compared with the prolene hernia system, the ultrapro hernia system can provides less postoperative foreign body sensation and better quality of life in the treatment of inguinal hernia. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Application of vacuum-sealing drainage based on biomaterial wound surface dressing in treatment of destroyed damages of the limbs Xu Hai-dong, Chen Yong, Lu Meng, Zhao Jian-ning 2012, 16 (21):  3877-3880.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.21.018 Abstract ( 295 )   PDF (253KB) ( 444 )   Save BACKGROUND: The clinical tube jam rate of wound dressing materials for vacuum-sealing drainage which were foam or sponge biosynthesis material is high. These materials need repeated equipment replacement because of more exudation and necrotic tissues of the high-energy injury destroyed wound in the limbs at the later period. OBJECTIVE: To study the curative effect of vacuum-sealing drainage based on biomaterial wound surface dressings on destroyed damage of the limbs. METHODS: Thirty-six patients with destroyed damage of limbs who underwent damage control surgeries were divided into three groups according to their different wishes: biomaterial wound surface dressing group, synthetic material group, and routine pressure dressing group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The vacuum-sealing drainage used in the biomaterial wound surface dressing group and synthetic material group could obviously shorten the hospitalization time and improve the freshness of granulation tissues before phase Ⅱ closed wound surgery compared with the routine pressure dressing group. And the vacuum-sealing drainage based on biomaterial wound dressing got a better therapeutic effect (P < 0.05). The vacuum-sealing drainage based on biomaterial wound surface dressing used in destroyed damage of limbs can achieve the effective drainage, avoid repeated debridement damages to patients, and provide good soft tissue bed to phase Ⅱ closed wound surgery. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Meta analysis of micro-screw implant anchorage and extra-oral anchorage in the perioperatively orthodontic treatment for maxillary or bimaxillary protrusion Yue Shi-chao1, Du Yue-hua1, Tang Xiao-jun2, Ren Yuan-shu1, Qin Pu1, Wang Mao-qing1, Li Xiao-xia1, Deng Jia-shu1, Liu Xun1 2012, 16 (21):  3881-3885.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.21.019 Abstract ( 379 )   PDF (238KB) ( 629 )   Save BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown that micro-screw implant anchorage can retract maxillary protrusion to the maximum extent based on extraction space compared with common anchorage. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of micro-screw implant anchorage and extra-oral anchorage on patients with maxillary or bimaxillary protrusion. METHODS: The CNKI, Wanfang, CSCD, CBM, Cochrane library, Medline and PubMed databases were searched. The randomized/semi-randomized controlled and the before-after controlled trials concerning micro-screw implant anchorage and extra-oral anchorage in orthodontic treatment for patients with maxillary or bimaxillary protrusion were included for Meta analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally six articles and 229 cases were included. Of all the cases, there were 116 cases in micro-screw implant anchorage group and 113 cases in extra-oral anchorage group. There were significant differences in SNA°, UL-E Plane and NLA° (P < 0.05), and there were no significant differences in SN-MP, U1-SN°and G-Sn-Pg° between the two groups (P > 0.85). These findings suggest that compared with extra-oral anchorage, micro-screw implant anchorage can behave better in the aspects of SNA°, UL-E Plane and NLA°. There are significant differences in terms of SN-MP°, U1-SN°and G-Sn-Pg°, but more qualified randomized controlled trials are required to provide better basis. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

In vitro hemolysis test of a maglev centrifugal ventricular assist device Wu Guang-hui1, Lin Chang-yan1, Chen Chen2, Yang Peng2, Qu Wen-bo2, Yao Ling-fei2, Wang Jing1 2012, 16 (21):  3886-3890.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.21.020 Abstract ( 415 )   PDF (469KB) ( 987 )   Save BACKGROUND: Ventricular assist devices are widely used in patients with heart failure. Although different blood pumps have been developed and used throughout the world, few blood pumps are used in China because of the high prices. Development of a less expensive pump for clinical use is urgently needed in China. OBJECTIVE: To test the hemolytic characteristics of an implantable magnetic suspension centrifugal ventricular assist device       in vitro. METHODS: The flow field of the blood pump was analyzed with the computational fluid dynamics. Blood pumps were connected in a mock circulatory loop, filled with fresh sheep blood, and the pump generated 5 L/min flow against a head pressure of 100 mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa). The in vitro hemolytic properties were evaluated by determining the level of plasma free hemoglobin at defined intervals. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Based on the computational fluid dynamics, a stable blood flow line was shown inside the pump, the wall shear stress inside the pump was less than 68.5 Pa and the internal static pressure distribution was smooth without adverse area. The normalized index of hemolysis was (0.075±0.017) mg/L. The blood pump showed satisfactory hemolytic properties as compared with the other third generation pumps. No mechanical failure occurred during the experiments. Therefore, long-term in vivo circulation assist experiment of the new blood pump could be carried on to evaluate its hemodynamics and end-organ effect in the future. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Compatibility of diamond-like carbon coating valves and canines vascular endothelial cells  Li Da-gang, Cheng Guang-cun, Shi Yi-min, Li Chun-sheng, Yan Zhong-ya 2012, 16 (21):  3891-3894.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.21.021 Abstract ( 245 )   PDF (383KB) ( 315 )   Save BACKGROUND: Diamond-like carbon film of pulsed laser method deposition and the low temperature isotropic carbon are considered as amorphous carbon. They are presented with good physical characteristics and biocompatibility, simple operation, and have become the selectable material for constructing tissue engineering valves at present. OBJECTIVE: To observe the biocompatibility of primary canine vein endothelial cells and diamond-like carbon valves prepared by pulsed laser deposition method. METHODS: Venous vascular endothelial cells from the forelimb of hybrid canines were isolated, and co-cultured with diamond-like carbon nano-coating valves prepared by pulsed laser deposition, serving as the experimental group. Pure canines forelimb vein vascular endothelial cells were as control group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Nitric oxide secretory function of the two groups has no difference. Vascular endothelial cells around diamond-like carbon film material were observed with the inverted microscope, and there was no aging and abnormal mitotic phenomenon. Scanning electron microscopy observation showed that vascular endothelial cells adhered on diamond-like carbon film closely; besides, cells were extended and interconnected with each other. Some cells were integrated together and diamond-like carbon film was almost covered. These findings suggest that diamond-like carbon nano-coating film has well biocompatibility. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

In vitro co-culture of injectable alginate scaffolds and human bone marrow stromal stem cells Wang Qun-li1, Gong Ji-cheng1, Zou Zhong-wen1, Yang Bo-lin1, Luo Wei-guo1, Jin Dan2, Wei Kuan-hai2 2012, 16 (21):  3895-3898.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.21.022 Abstract ( 415 )   PDF (406KB) ( 405 )   Save BACKGROUND: Injectable tissue-engineered bone is limited to animal experiments. If the human bone marrow stromal stem cells have a good biocompatibility with alginate, the injectable tissue engineered bone will be a very promising clinical treatment. OBJECTIVE: To study the biocompatibility of human bone marrow stromal stem cells and injectable scaffold of calcium alginate gels in vitro. METHODS: The second passage human bone marrow stromal stem cells were co-cultured with calcium alginate gels. Bone marrow stromal stem cells cultured with no material served as controls. The morphology and proliferation of the cells were observed by inverted phase contrast microscope and scanning electron microscope. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to semi-quantitatively evaluate the cell proliferation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The human bone marrow stromal stem cells co-cultured with calcium alginate gels grew well under inverted phase contrast microscope, and no significant difference was found between calcium alginate gels group and control group. Under scanning electron microscope, human bone marrow stromal stem cells adhered well to the calcium alginate gels and proliferated obviously. MTT results showed that the cell number had no significant difference between the two groups. It is suggested that calcium alginate gels have good biocompatibility with human bone marrow stromal stem cells. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effect of recasting on bonding properties of NEO cobalt chromium ceramic alloy Gao Shi-jun, Huo Dong-ying, Wang Jian-ping, Wang Xiao-wei, Gu Xiao-ming 2012, 16 (21):  3899-3902.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.21.023 Abstract ( 298 )   PDF (474KB) ( 410 )   Save BACKGROUND: NEO cobalt chromium ceramic alloy does not contain harmful substance, but whether it can be reused is still unclear. There are few reports about the effects of recasting on properties of NEO ceramic alloy. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of recasting on bonding properties, metallurgical structure and morphology of metal-ceramic interface of NEO cobalt chromium ceramic alloy. METHODS: The NEO cobalt chromium ceramic alloys were casted by argon pressure casting in vacuum condition according to ISO9693. The bonding properties of NEO cobalt chromium ceramic alloys after recasting for 1-5 times were tested by three-point bending test. Metalloscope was used to observe the metallurgical structures of each generation of casting, and their morphologies of metal-ceramic interface were observed by scanning electron microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were differences in bonding properties of NEO cobalt chromium ceramic alloys after recasting for 1-5 times (P < 0.05). With the increase in recasting time, the dendritic structures and grain structures of castings were gradually blurred and disappeared, the combination of metal-ceramic interface was gradually loosening and the thickness of transition layer was increased. It is indicated that recasting can significantly affect the bonding properties of NEO cobalt chromium ceramic alloy. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Fit accuracy between zirconia abutments and zirconia crowns   Li Wei1, Yang Jian-jun2, Wang Da-shan2, Liu Guang-yuan1, Yang Zhen1, Li Ting1 2012, 16 (21):  3903-3906.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.21.024 Abstract ( 262 )   PDF (463KB) ( 485 )   Save BACKGROUND: In recent years, development of zirconia abutments has become a hotspot. The zirconia all-ceramic crowns and zirconia abutments restoration are recognized by many clinicians and patients because of their excellent aesthetic restoration effects, and the fit accuracy between them is a key factor for the implant restoration. OBJECTIVE: To develop the zirconia abutments and to study the fitness of the interface between the zirconia abutments and zirconia crowns. METHODS: Nanometer zirconia powder was used to manufacture zirconia abutments by injection molding. Five zirconia abutments and five titanium abutments were divided into two groups: Zirconia abutments-zirconia crowns group and titanium abutments-Co-Cr alloy based PFM crowns group. In the zirconia abutments-zirconia crowns group, five zirconia crowns were made upon the zirconia abutments by computer aided design and computer aided manufacturing. While in titanium abutments- Co-Cr alloy based PFM crowns group, five Co-Cr alloy based PFM crowns were made upon the titanium abutments by finished plastic cap casting. The finished crowns were inserted onto the abutments respectively to observe whether the crowns were inserted onto the abutments completely. Then the microgap models of the interface between abutments and crowns were made using silicone rubber impression, afterwards, to repair and cut these models. Microgap pictures were observed and collected by scanning electron microscope, and the microgap was tested by Digora Optime. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The insertion rate of the two groups was both 100%. The microgaps in the axial surface and cervical part of zirconia abutments-zirconia crowns group were significantly lower than those of titanium abutments-Co-Cr alloy based PFM crowns group (P < 0.05). The interface between zirconia abutments and zirconia crowns shows a good fitness and provides a reliable scientific basis for the clinical application. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Bone morphogenetic protein-2 expression in the surrounding tissues of calcium phosphate coating magnesium alloys Sun Wei1, Zhang Guang-dao1, Tan Li-li2, Yang Ke2, Hong Yan-song1, Ai Hong-jun1 2012, 16 (21):  3907-3910.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.21.025 Abstract ( 264 )   PDF (329KB) ( 367 )   Save BACKGROUND: The alloy composition adjustment can improve the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of magnesium alloys. OBJECTIVE: To investigate bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) expression in the soft tissues around calcium phosphate coating magnesium alloys. METHODS: Twenty-seven healthy adult male Japanese white rabbits were randomly divided into calcium phosphate coating group, untreated group and titanium alloy group. We implanted calcium phosphate coating and untreated AZ31B magnesium alloy screws into the rabbits’ mandible, and titanium alloy group served as the control. The animals were sacrificed after 1, 2 and 3 months, and BMP-2 mRNA expressions were measured by reverse transcription-PCR.   RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: With time passed, the BMP-2 mRNA expression showed a gradual increase for calcium phosphate coating group and untreated group, and significant differences exited in the calcium phosphate coating group at different time points (P < 0.05). The BMP-2 mRNA expression of the untreated group was significantly higher than that of the coating group at 1 and 2 months after implantation (P < 0.05). Calcium phosphate coating can promote the mRNA expression of BMP-2, which is beneficial to the early osteogenesis and shows good biological activity.   Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effect of four surface treatments on bond strength of fiber posts Xiao Yue1, Guo Hai1, Wang Jian-ping2, Wang Dan1, Ma Shu-ming1 2012, 16 (21):  3911-3914.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.21.026 Abstract ( 374 )   PDF (423KB) ( 464 )   Save BACKGROUND: Bond strength of fiber posts is closely related to different surface treatments. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of four surface treatments on the surface morphology and bond strength of fiber posts. METHODS: According to the four different surface treatments, 25 mandibular premolars were randomly divided into five groups: hydrogen peroxide group, sodium ethoxide group, phosphoric acid group, hydrofluoric acid group, and control group (distilled water). Twenty-five single-rooted mandibular premolars that had similar dimensions were used. After endodontic treatment, removal of the crown and canal preparation, cemented POPO glass fiber posts were inserted in to the root canal. Then each root was cut perpendicularly to the long-axis with the slow saw to obtain three 2.0-mm-thick slides as test samples. Specimens of each group (n=15) were loaded with a universal testing machine until failure occurred. The data obtained were submitted to the one-way analysis of variance and multiple comparisons, and the failure mode of each specimen was observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Bond strength values from the highest to the lowest were as follows: sodium ethoxide group>hydrogen peroxide group > hydrofluoric acid group > phosphoric acid group > control group. Significant difference (P < 0.05) was showed between every two groups except for hydrofluoric acid and phosphoric acid groups (P > 0.05). Failure- modes of specimens were mainly mixed damage. These findings indicate that sodium ethoxide and hydrogen peroxide treatment combined with surface treatment can enhance the bond strength of fiber posts to the root dentin. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effects of four kinds of base metal alloy crown extract on expression levels of urokinase-type plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in human gingival fibroblasts  Lu Lin, Huang Ke-qiang, Hu Jing, Du Ya 2012, 16 (21):  3915-3918.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.21.027 Abstract ( 300 )   PDF (301KB) ( 366 )   Save BACKGROUND: Biocompatibility of repairing materials is an important factor for clinical effects. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the material biocompatibility in oral repair by analyzing different expressional levels of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) in four types of metal extractions. METHODS: Healthy gums were obtained to cultivate HGFs. Levels of PAI-1 and uPA were examined by immunofluorescence and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detection after different procedures: Co-Cr, Ni-Cr, Ti and rhotanium metal extractions. HGFs with no treatment served as controls. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: ELISA results showed an increase in uPA levels after treatment with Co-Cr and Ni-Cr metal extractions. Immunofluorescence detection and electron microscope revealed deep-stained and even-distributed cytoplasm after treatment with Co-Cr and Ni-Cr, indicating PAI-1 levels were increased. There were changes in the levels of uPA and PAI-1 after treatment with Ti and gold alloy metal extractions. Biocompatibility of Ti and rhotanium is better than that of Co-Cr and Ni-Cr. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Preparation and characterization of poly(vinyl alcohol-g-acrylamide) hydrogel Shi Lin-feng 2012, 16 (21):  3919-3923.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.21.028 Abstract ( 430 )   PDF (393KB) ( 1811 )   Save BACKGROUND: Cross-linking gels are prepared by interpenetrating networking, which are formed by polymeric chains. But hydrogel, got in this way, cannot be good at their properties of physics and transmittance. OBJECTIVE: To prepare poly(vinyl alcohol-g-acrylamide) hydrogel (PVA-g-PAM) via radical copolymerization. METHODS: We carried out the graft polymerization of acryl amide (AM) onto poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), which was to be the backbone. Factors affecting the grafting yield, such as temperature, time, monomer ratio, and initiator dose, were investigated. The chemical structure of grafted copolymers was verified with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: We got the way, most efficient, according to the graft copolymerization: the initiator concentration was 0.04 mol/L, ratio of AM/PVA (hydroxyl) was 6/1, temperature was 40 ℃, and reaction time was 4 hours. It was confirmed that the copolymerization of PVA and AM happened by FTIR; and the PVA-g-PAM hydrogel exhibited obvious thermal sensitivity, which was observed from the swelling ratio. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Design and experiment on the dialysate pH value and electrical conductivity measuring instrument  Liu Zhi-bin, Song Wen-xiao, Yang Jing-juan, Zhu Yi-heng, Lu Guang-wen 2012, 16 (21):  3924-3928.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.21.029 Abstract ( 448 )   PDF (324KB) ( 794 )   Save BACKGROUND: The dialysate concentration directly determines the efficacy of dialysis during the process of hemodialysis. OBJECTIVE: To design a measuring instrument of dialysate pH value and electrical conductivity and to test the performance of the measuring instrument through experiments. METHODS: The variable frequency of bipolar interim pulse method was put forward to reduce polarization and capacitance effect on the conductivity measurement tremendously while simultaneously temperature compensation was selected for electrical conductivity. Two-point correction method was used for calibration test to improve the accuracy measurement of pH value. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The trial manufactured carried experiment on the actual dialysate. The relative error between the calibration result and the accurate value for dialysate pH value was less than 1% and that of electrical conductivity was less than 0.5%. Besides, comparative experiments between variable frequency of bipolar interim exciting pulse and bipolar exciting pulse were carried out. The former was less measure error and could follow up the response closely. The results show that the measuring instrument can realize the accurate measurement and be widely used in hemodialysis machine. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

High efficient nerve growth factor made by double emulsion water/oil/water method Gu Hai-gang1, Li Xiao-bin1, Long Da-hong2 2012, 16 (21):  3929-3932.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.21.030 Abstract ( 344 )   PDF (460KB) ( 419 )   Save BACKGROUND: Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a macromolecular protein that cannot easily cross the blood-brain barrier. Gene therapy can successfully deliver neurotrophic factors into the brain. OBJECTIVE: To explore how to formulate the high efficient NGF gene nanoparticles. METHODS: NGF nanoparticles were prepared by double emulsion water/oil/water method. Chitosan and Tat polypeptide were used to modify NGF nanoparticles. Neuron degeneration of cholinergic neurons in the rat’s basal forebrain was induced by fimbria-fornix transection. Sixteen SD rats were randomly divided into injury group and nanoparticles group micro injected with NGF gene in the basal forebrain.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The distribution of particle size of NGF nanoparticles was from 110 nm to 150 nm. Chitosan could increase zeta potential and loading efficiency of NGF nanoparticles, but not particle size. Tat polypeptide could significantly increase the transfection efficiency of NGF nanoparticles. It indicated that water/oil/water method could successfully make the NGF nanoparticles. And the NGF nanoparticles transplantation could protect the basal forebrain. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Preparation and characterization of an oral microemulsion of elemene Liu Xing-yan1, Zeng Zhao-wu1, Liu Hong1, Zhou Guang-lin2, Ding Yuan-lin1 2012, 16 (21):  3933-3935.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.21.031 Abstract ( 281 )   PDF (359KB) ( 402 )   Save BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown that microemulsion can protect the drugs with poor stability and increase the solubility of water-insoluble drugs, as well as improve the biological availability. Furthermore, it can control drug release and reduce the individual differences in drug administration. However, it needs more surfactants and cosurfactants, and it is a challenge for human safety.  OBJECTIVE: To investigate the preparation of an elemene microemulsion and characterize its structures and properties. METHODS: Elemene was used as the oil phase and polysorbate 80 (Tween 80) was used as a surfactant. Besides, ethanol, propylene glycol and glycerol were used as cosurfactants. The elemene microemulsion was prepared by ultrasonication method in an ultrasonic bath. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The elemene microemulsion was characterized as a particle size of (67±13) nm, a zeta potential of (3.2±0.4) mv, a pH value of 5.16, a viscosity of 6 mPa•s and a surface tension of 31.7 mN/m. β-elemene content in the elemene microemulsion was (8.273±0.018) mg/mL and its average entrapment efficiency was (99.81±0.24)%. These findings suggest that the elemene microemulsion prepared by this method is characterized by small particle size, narrow distribution, week acid, low viscosity, lower surface tension and good system stability. It is applicable to oral administration. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Research development of tissue-engineered intervertebral disc annulus fibrosus scaffolds  Dong Xing-cheng, Chen Xiong-sheng, Zhou Sheng-yuan 2012, 16 (21):  3936-3940.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.21.032 Abstract ( 247 )   PDF (396KB) ( 453 )   Save BACKGROUND: Tissue engineering has provided a new therapeutic approach for disc degeneration. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research progress in the patterns and construction methods of tissue engineered intervertebral disc annulus fibrosus scaffolds. METHODS: A computer-based retrieval was performed to search manuscripts describing tissue engineered intervertebral disc annulus fibrosus published between 1988 and 2011 in CNKI and PubMed databases with the key words of “tissue engineering, intervertebral disc, scaffold, annulus fibrosus, construction” in Chinese and English, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The key to construct intervertebral disc is annulus fibrosus scaffold, but relevant research is still in its earliest stage. Annulus fibrosus scaffolds consist of two materials: one is silk, alginate, and other natural biomaterials; the other is polyurethane, polyglycolic acid, polylactic acid, nano fiber and other synthetic materials. A variety of scaffold materials have their own advantages and disadvantages. Current methods for annulus fibrosus scaffold construction include pore-forming agent method, wet spinning technology and electrostatic spinning method. And the construction of functional annulus fibrosus is still at the initial stage. The optimization methods of annulus fibrosus scaffold construction and fixation of annulus fibrosus scaffolds are still to be further studied. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Research status and clinical application of biomedical absorable hemostic materials Zhang Shao-feng1, Hong Jia-yuan2 2012, 16 (21):  3941-3944.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.21.033 Abstract ( 492 )   PDF (429KB) ( 2304 )   Save BACKGROUND: Now, various hemostasis materials are developed with different components and mechanisms. Due to their different characteristics, the applications are different. OBJECTIVE: To review the commonly used clinical absorbable hemostatic materials at home and abroad, and to summarize the composition, hemostatic mechanism and clinical application for guiding clinicians to use them effectively. METHODS: A computer-based search of CNKI and PubMed databases (2002-02/2011-05) were performed for articles related to hemostatic materials using the key words of “biological material, hemostatic material, bioresorbable material, hemostatic effect, hemostatic mechanism” in Chinese and English, respectively. Literatures on application of biomedical absorbable hemostatic materials were adopted, and others about duplicated study and contents inconsistent with the research purpose were excluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Currently, fibrin glue, cellulose, xycellulose, α-cyanoacrylate tissue glue, chitosan and so on are adsorbable hemostasis materials in clinic. The hemostatic reason of chitosan is that the chitosan has some quantitative electric charge, which can directly occur cross linking reaction with the red blood cells on the wound surface to form blood clot, and the hemostasis process is independent of blood coagulation factor and platelet in vivo. Delightfully, α-cyanoacrylate tissue glues not only are used to cardiovascular surgery for small vascular anastomisis, to neurosurgery for repairing cerebral dura mater, to orthopedics for cohereing the fracture and repairing the soft tissues and so on, but also are the prefer material for intervention embolotherapy. While the fibrin glue can not only be local hemostasis, prevent conglutination and seepage, but also mainly be slow-release trager, bone material frame. However, different hemostasis materials have different hemostasis mechanisms and effects, so only to sufficiently comprehend the characteristic of different hemostasis materials can use them more reasonable and available.   Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Research status of folate-conjugated polymer and liposome as targeted drug carriers Guo Liang, Xiong Xiang-yuan, Li Yu-ping, Li Zi-ling, Gong Yan-chun 2012, 16 (21):  3945-3948.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.21.034 Abstract ( 398 )   PDF (431KB) ( 873 )   Save BACKGROUND: Targeted drug carriers mediated by folic acid are studied widely. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research status of folate-conjuated polymers and liposomes as targeted drug carriers. METHODS: The first author searched Web of Science and CNKI for articles (2000-01/2010-12) concerning the folate-conjuated polymers and liposomes as targeted drug carriers with the key words of “folic acid, drug carriers, targeted delivery system, polymer, liposome” in English and “folic acid, drug carriers, targeted, polymer, liposome” in Chinese. Nineteen articles were selected to review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Folate receptor could overexpressed on the surface of many tumor cells, but the overexpression of folate receptor in the normal tissues is limited to apical membrane of epithelial cells which are difficult to enter the blood circulation. Because of the characteristics of folate receptor expression, natural ligands of folate receptor-folic acid are considered as an important molecule in transfer targeted drugs to tumor cells. Folic acid has the advantages of high affinity and low immunogenicity with folate receptor. Thus researches on folic acid-mediated targeted delivery systems are developed promptly. There are mainly three kinds of folate-modified drug carriers: synthesized polymers, liposomes and natural macromolecules. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Biocompatibility of Ni-Cr alloy materials and oral soft tissue Jin Rui-zhu, Zhao Chi 2012, 16 (21):  3949-3958.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.21.035 Abstract ( 289 )   PDF (599KB) ( 671 )   Save BACKGROUND: Ni-Cr alloy ceramic materials are accepted by the majority of patients due to the low prices, and more than 50% of patients choose the Ni-Cr alloy porcelain teeth. Due to the materials persisting in the electrolyte environment, precipitation of nickel ions can cause allergy in some patients. How to improve the biological safety of Ni-Cr alloy materials arises more attention. OBJECTIVE: Using CNKI database literature search and the depth of analysis capabilities, to explore the literature data trends in the study of biocompatibility of Ni-Cr alloy materials and oral soft tissue. DESIGN: Bibliometric data analysis. DATA RETRIEVAL: A search of related literature of biocompatibility of Ni-Cr alloy materials and oral soft tissue was performed in CNKI database using the key words of “Ni-Cr alloy”, “biomaterials” and “biocompatibility”, during 2002-01 to 2011-12. Own database analysis capabilities and Excel charting functions were used to retrieve literature analysis; through the form of text and charts, the data were analyzed to describe the distribution characteristics. SELECTION CRITERIA: Inclusive criteria: ①Basic research papers related to Ni-Cr alloy materials. ②Papers related to the clinical application of Ni-Cr alloy materials. ③Research papers related to biocompatibility of Ni-Cr alloy materials. Exclusive criteria: ①Literature has nothing to do with the purpose of this review. ②Duplication of research literature. ③Journal’s own information. ④Unpublished papers. ⑤The article need telephone follow up to analyze and manual searches. ⑥Year book. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: In CNKI database, academic journal articles published year, literature number, subject category, research institutions, source journals, literature citations, literature download frequency, associated literature, distribution of the author, distribution of the fund and major keywords were analyzed, the Ph.D. thesis, outstanding master's degree papers, conference papers, patented technology, biocompatibility of Ni-Cr alloy materials and oral soft tissue research literature were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 107 research literatures related to biocompatibility of Ni-Cr alloy materials and oral soft tissue were retrieved in CNKI during 2002-2011. The number of papers was gradually increased. Most literatures were published in 2007 (n=18). Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research published eight literatures, accounting for 7.5% of all literature. A total of 14 foundation projects mainly belonged to the Provincial Science and Technology Foundations. The frequently used key words were Ni-Cr alloy, Ni-Cr alloy porcelain crown and porcelain crown. From the analysis result of key words, the comparative studies between metal ceramic and Ni-Cr alloy porcelain accounted for the majority. Main researches were based on the effect of Ni-Cr alloy on the periodontal tissue. CONCLUSION: Through the bibliometric data analysis on biocompatibility of Ni-Cr alloy materials and oral soft tissue in CNKI database, we can provide valuable reference for Chinese medical worker in Ni-Cr alloy basic research and prosthodontics. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Preparation of fluorouracil controlled release formulation and its biological safety after implantation  Chao Ying-yan1, Zhang Hui2 2012, 16 (21):  3959-3966.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.21.036 Abstract ( 344 )   PDF (568KB) ( 725 )   Save BACKGROUND: Due to the characteristics of short half-life, fast metabolism and direct effect to the tumor cells, controlled release formulation is applied to anti-tumor treatment. Fluorouracil controlled release formulation is characterized by long-term drug action, maximum drug concentration in the area of the target lesion, low systemic adverse reaction, as well as low damage to the liver. OBJECTIVE: Using literature search and the depth of analysis capabilities of Wanfang database, to analyze the data trends in the study of fluorouracil controlled release formulation, and to explore the safety after its implantation. DESIGN: Bibliometric data analysis. DATA RETRIEVAL: A search of related literature of fluorouracil controlled release formulation was performed in Wanfang database, with key words of “controlled release formulation”, “fluorouracil”, “antineoplastic” and “biomaterial”, from 2002-01 to 2011-12. The retrieval results were analyzed, and the trends were described in words and graphics. SELECTION CRITERIA: Inclusive criteria: ①Basic research papers related to fluorouracil controlled release formulation. ②Papers related to the controlled release formulation for anti-tumor treatment. ③Papers related to the security issues after implantation of fluorouracil controlled release formulation. Exclusive criteria: ①Literature has nothing to do with the purpose of this review. ②Duplication of research literature. ③Journal’s own information. ④Unpublished papers. ⑤The article needs to be retrieved by phone or manual searches. ⑥The literature focuses on nursing. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: The literatures were analyzed by data trends published year, literature number, subject category, research institutions, source journals, literature citations, literature download frequency, associated literature, distribution of the author, distribution of the funding and major keywords. The Ph.D. thesis, outstanding master’s degree papers, conference papers, and the clinical applications of fluorouracil controlled release formulation were analyzed as well as the safety after implantation. RESULTS: A total of 49 research literatures related to fluorouracil controlled release formulation were retrieved in Wanfang database during 2002-2011. The number of papers was in the steady state. Most of literatures were published in 2008 (n=8). And the literatures were focused on pharmaceutical discipline. Zhongguo Yiyao Gongye Zazhi published more literatures than others. A total of 32 projects were supported by funding, and most of them supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China. The frequently used subject words and key words are “fluorouracil”, “chitosan” and “nanoparticles”, respectively. In many literatures, chitosan is selected as a carrier, and fluorouracil-loaded chitosan nanoparticle for drug delivery is the focus of the study. Fluorouracil controlled release formulation has a certain effect in the treatment of esophagus, cardia, gastric cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, which is a safe and effective treatment. CONCLUSION: The bibliometric data analysis on fluorouracil controlled release formulation in Wanfang database and summary on safety after implantation can provide valuable reference for Chinese medical workers in both basic research and clinical study of anti-tumor controlled release formulation. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Hemostatic materials for epistaxis  Liu Li-ying, Ti Xin-yuan 2012, 16 (21):  3967-3974.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.21.037 Abstract ( 309 )   PDF (518KB) ( 496 )   Save BACKGROUND: Nasal embolism is the main method for the treatment of epistaxis and adhesions or restenosis after sinus surgery. Currently, many kinds of nasal embolic materials are utilized in treating epistaxis. What kind of material is more suitable for nasal embolism, how to choose the embolic material based on the patient's condition, how to stop the bleeding effectively and to reduce the negative impact to the nasal cavity, and how to accelerate wound healing are problems needed to be solved in nasal hemostatic materials research. OBJECTIVE: Using CNKI database literature search and the depth of analysis capabilities, to explore the literature data trends in the study of hemostatic materials for epistaxis. DESIGN: Bibliometric data analysis. DATA RETRIEVAL: A search of related literature of of epistaxis research was performed in CNKI database using the key words of “hemostatic materials” and “epistaxis”, during 2002-01 to 2011-12. Own database analysis capabilities and Excel charting functions were used to retrieve literature analysis; through the form of text and charts, the data were analyzed to describe its distribution characteristics. SELECTION CRITERIA: Inclusive criteria: ①Basic research papers related to hemostatic materials. ②Papers related to the clinical application of hemostatic materials. ③Basic and clinical research papers to epistaxis. Exclusive criteria: ①Literature has nothing to do with the purpose of this review. ②Duplication of research literature. ③Journal's own information. ④Unpublished papers. ⑤The article need telephone follow up to analyze and manual searches. ⑥Year book. ⑦The literature of nursing content. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: The literatures were analyzed by academic journal articles published year, literature number, subject category, source journals, publication institutions, literature citations, literature download frequency, associated literature, distribution of the author, distribution of the Funds and major keywords. The outstanding master's degree papers, conference papers, and cases of epistaxis hemostatic materials research literature were also analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 88 research literatures related to hemostatic materials of epistaxis were retrieved in CNKI during 2002-2011. The number of papers was gradually increased. Most literatures were published in 2008 (n=13). Chinese Archives Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery published seven papers, accounting for 8.0% of all papers. The frequently used key words in hemostatic materials for epistaxis research are “nasal packing”, “epistaxis” and “hemostatic materials”. From the application of hemostatic material, the use of hemostatic materials in nasal endoscopy is the most. From the choice of hemostatic materials, mainly researches are based on calcium alginate dressings and high expansion hemostatic materials. CONCLUSION: Through the bibliometric data analysis on hemostatic materials for epistaxis in CNKI database, we can find that nasal packing hemostatic materials have different characteristics. The selection of hemostatic materials for treating epistaxis should be based on the patients’ conditions. This study can provide valuable reference for Chinese medical workers in hemostatic materials of epistaxis science. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Materials for repair of tendon injury   Lu Yong-jun1, Liu Fu-shun2 2012, 16 (21):  3975-3982.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.21.038 Abstract ( 349 )   PDF (391KB) ( 441 )   Save BACKGROUND: Currently, there are many problems that need to be solved in tendon repair research, including mechanism research of tendon suture and adhesion, exaltation the quality of tendon healing, improvement of suture materials and methods, study on tensile strength between joint of tendon, as well as biomaterials of tissue-engineered tendon. These are important issues that affect the research and development of tendon repair. OBJECTIVE: To assess the trend of the academic literature in the field of the material for repair of tendon injuries and to provide reference for depth analysis by using Web of Science database. DESIGN: Bibliometric data analysis. DATA RETRIEVAL: An electronic search was performed by the first author in Web of Science database for related literature of material in repair of tendon injury using the key words of “tendon injury”, “material” and “repair”, from 2002-01 to 2011-12, to describe its distribution characteristics. SELECTION CRITERIA: Peer-reviewed study on material for repair of tendon injuries of published literature, including the type of document of article, review, proceeding paper. Exclusive criteria: ①The article need to be collected by manual searches and phone retrieval. ②Unpublished papers. ③Correction. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: In SCI database, academic journal articles published year, literature number, subject category, type of document, authors, source journals, proceeding paper, institutions, distribution of the country and region, distribution of the funds, language of Journal, literature citations were analyzed. RESULTS: ①A total of 156 research literature related to material for repair of tendon injuries were retrieved in Web of Science database in the past 10 years. There are 141 articles and 13 reviews. From the trends of the number of literature, the number of papers was gradually increased. The number of related literatures in this field reached a peak in 2009 (n=28). The studies were focused on bone science and surgery, followed by sports science and engineering. ②American Journal of Sports Medicine, Foot Ankle International and Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery were three journals that published most of articles on repair of tendon injury. Most literatures were published by United States, accounting for 42.9% of all literatures. China ranked the 5th in the number of literature in past 10 years (n=9, 5.8%). ③Researches on materials for repair of tendon injuries were mainly supported by NIH. The articles with highest citations were mainly published on Journal of Cellular Physiology and Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews. CONCLUSION: Literature analysis shows that repair materials for tendon injuries tend to be mature in recent years; the number of literature is steady and shows an increasing trend, which is the focus research in orthopedics, surgery and sports medicine. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

The research and data analysis of hemostatic materials in obstetrics and gynecology   Xu Tie-bing 2012, 16 (21):  3983-3986.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.21.039 Abstract ( 315 )   PDF (338KB) ( 588 )   Save BACKGROUND: With the development of science and technology, the clinical application and promotion of hemostatic materials in the obstetrics and gynecology has made some progress. OBJECTIVE: To multivariately analyze the literature regarding the research and data analysis of hemostatic materials in obstetrics and gynecology through China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and its analysis tool. DESIGN: Bibliometric analysis. DATA RETRIEVAL: A retrieval was performed for the literature regarding the research and data analysis of hemostatic materials in obstetrics and gynecology, including obstetrics and gynecology, hemostasis, material during 2001-01 and 2010-12 in CNKI. The retrieval results were analyzed, and the trends were described in words and graphics. SELECTIVE CRITERIA: (1)Articles on the research and data analysis of hemostatic material in obstetrics and gynecology. Exclusive criteria were included (1)Articles unrelated to the study of the research and data analysis of hemostatic materials in obstetrics and gynecology. (2)Articles published before 2001. (3)Articles which were not published on journals. (4)Articles which need to be retrieved by phone or manually. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: The literatures were analyzed by publication year, institutional information, discipline distribution, journal distribution, the source database and fund agents. RESULTS: A total of 201 literatures regarding the research and data analysis of hemostatic materials in obstetrics and gynecology were retrieved from CNKI database. The overall number of literature had an upward trend from 2001 to 2010. CONCLUSION: The literatures regarding the hemostatic material in obstetrics and gynecology were analyzed from the CNKI database, and a total of 201 literatures in the field were not yet the amount of more disciplines.   Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Biomechanical analysis following knee joint injury repair Zheng Xue-mei 2012, 16 (21):  3987-3990.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.21.040 Abstract ( 296 )   PDF (407KB) ( 594 )   Save BACKGROUND: The biomechanical analysis of knee joint and knee joint ligament can prevent knee joint injury and is the basis of treating knee joint disease. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the application progress of repair materials during knee joint injury reconstruction and biomechanical features of knee joint after repair. METHODS: We retrieved China National Knowledge Infrastructure and PubMed database for relevant articles. The key words were “tissue engineering, articular cartilage, scaffold material, biomechanics”. We discussed biomechanical characteristics of knee joint after repair. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Biomechanical studies verified that posterolateral structure of knee joint plays an important role in confining knee joint introversion, external rotation, antelocation and retrusion of tibia. Partial or complete breakage of knee joint ligament had poor effects on biomechanical characteristics of femoral medial condyle. Each ligament of knee joint combined with other ligaments and tissues reached mechanical balance. If a ligament was broken, the balance would be damaged, and the stress distribution of each ligament should be changed. The injury type and site of knee joint were varied. Repair and reconstituted materials and reconstituted manners were various. Finally, the biomechanical characteristics were also varied. The biomechanical functions of repair materials played an important role in knee joint moulding, healing process and functional recovery following transplantation. Related Articles | Metrics