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30 April 2014, Volume 18 Issue 18 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Establishment of a rabbit model of parietal critical bone defects: a reference value for identifying parietal critical bone defects He Tong-wen, Xu Geng-chi, Han Yao-hui, Mu Lan, Ge Zhen-lin 2014, 18 (18):  2789-2794.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.18.001 Abstract ( 447 )   PDF (767KB) ( 756 )   Save BACKGROUND: Large bone defect caused by various reasons has been a difficult problem in clinical practice. To establish a standard experimental animal model of critical bone defects has vital significance for evaluating the efficacy of bone osteogenesis using various materials and techniques. OBJECTIVE: To establish the rabbit model of parietal critical bone defects and to determine the diameter of the critical defects of parietal bone in limited time. METHODS: 10 New Zealand white rabbits were selected. The skull seam was treated as the boundary. Four full-thickness round defects of bone in the parietal bone were made, with diameters of 4, 5, 6 and 7 mm, so as to establish rabbit models of parietal critical bone defects. Gross anatomical observation, X-ray and cone beam CT were used to determine the bone density in the new bone defect area. The healing of bone defects was evaluated by histological examination. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After 12 weeks, the 4 mm group showed high bone healing capacity significantly, and part of the bone bridge had been connected completely. Quantitative analysis of bone mineral density revealed that gray value at defect site and trabecular bone area at the same magnification and the same vision in the 4 mm group were significantly higher than the other three groups (P < 0.001). Only a small amount of new bone in the periphery of bone defects appeared in the 5, 6 and 7 mm groups. The center of defect site was mainly filled by fibrous connective tissue. The results confirmed that this study successfully established rabbit models of parietal critical bone defects. During the 12 weeks of observation, bone defects with a diameter of ≥ 5 mm could not be self-healed, which was conformed to the criteria of critical defects of bone, and could be used as a reference value for critical parietal bone defects of a rabbit. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of an experimental tibial nonunion model in rats Fang Guo-jun, Qu Zhi-guo, Cui Zheng-hong, Liu Ying 2014, 18 (18):  2795-2800.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.18.002 Abstract ( 459 )   PDF (928KB) ( 863 )   Save BACKGROUND: Establishment of an objective and standard experimental animal model of bone non-union is necessary for experimental study and related treatment of non-union. OBJECTIVE: To establish an objective experimental animal model for the experimental study of non-union. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were included in this study, the middle tibia was cut off, and fracture fragments (including periosteum) were seared with dental cement plugger (3# or 4#). Subsequently, bone marrow cavity was drilled using a 0.5 mm Kirschner wire, and the fractures were fixed. 2 months later, the specimens were detected by gross observation, histopathological detection and radiological examination to determine the nonunion formation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results of gross observation, histopathological detection and radiological examination showed that, no bony union was found at bone defect area, which was filled by fiber scar tissue, and bone end sclerosis was apparent. The animal models established in this study have pathological changes of bone non-union, which is in line with the requirements of bone non-union, so the model can be considered a reliable and practical animal model of bone non-union. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | Related Articles | Metrics

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Transduction of osteopontin short hairpin RNA in prevention of restenosis after angioplasty in a rabbit model of atherosclerosis  Sun Yu-mei, Zhang Jin-ying, Yan Ji-feng, Yuan Bin, Yang Peng-wei, Li Wen, Yu Yun-fu 2014, 18 (18):  2801-2805.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.18.003 Abstract ( 299 )   PDF (846KB) ( 852 )   Save BACKGROUND: Restenosis after angioplasty severely limited the application and long-period therapeutic effects of percutaneous coronary intervention. Changes in smooth muscle cell phenotype and their proliferation are important mechanisms of restenosis after angioplasty. OBJECTIVE: To use balloon in vivo transduction of osteopontin short hairpin RNA (OPN-shRNA), to inhibit osteopontin expression at the injured blood vessels of a rabbit model of experimental atherosclerosis, and to prevent restenosis after angioplasty. METHODS: A total of 20 rabbit models of atherosclerosis were established and randomly equally assigned to empty plasmid group and OPN-shRNA plasmid group. The plasmid recombinant OPN-shRNA and empty plasmid were transferred to the ventral aorta by balloon. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After balloon dilatation, specific green fluorescence was detected in the layer of vascular smooth muscle in the two groups. Moreover, with prolonged time of transfection, fluorescence intensity gradually decreased. Compared with the empty plasmid group, the expanded artery lumen area obviously increased in the OPN-shRNA plasmid group, and plaque burden evidently reduced. Results indicated that balloon catheter used in regional blood vessels in rabbit models of atherosclerosis could successfully transduce OPN-shRNA plasmid. The restenosis of the expanded blood vessels lessened, and thrombus burden relieved. It is of great importance to prevent the occurrence of restenosis after angioplasty in rabbit models. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | Related Articles | Metrics

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The expression of inflammatory factors in different periods after acute spinal cord injury in rats Zhong Shao-hui, Fang Ye, Peng Jin-zhen, Gao Tai-hang 2014, 18 (18):  2806-2811.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.18.004 Abstract ( 421 )   PDF (697KB) ( 573 )   Save BACKGROUND: With the development of modern transportation and mining industrial, spinal cord injury has become a common clinical frequently-occurring disease which was serious influence human physical health and quality of life. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the inflammatory factors expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-17A (IL-17A) in the rat model of acute spinal cord injury via phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3) and explore the role of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-17A (IL-17A) in the acute inflammatory reaction after spinal cord injury. METHODS: A total of 75 adult male SD rats were divided into two groups, the sham operation group and the spinal cord injury group; then put them into the subgroups randomly, which were 1h, 6h, 24h and 72h (n = 15) Acute spinal cord injury rat model was established by the modified Alleng weight drop method. The sham operation group just underwent laminectomy. The rats were sacrificed at corresponding time after operation and spinal cord, spleen tissues were collected. Immunohistochemical used to detect the expressions of IL-6 and IL-17 in spinal cord tissue injury segment dynamic changes, mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-17A were detected by RT-PCR, Western blot used to detect the expressions of p-STAT3 dynamic changes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The average expression level of p-STAT3, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17 in SCI group had significant increased from those in the sham operation group. The expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 immediately increased following injured and peaked at 6 h; the expression of IL-17 and p-STAT3 immediately increased and peaked at 24 h; then sluggishly decreased, but its expression of 72h after injury still more than the sham operation group(P <0. 05). The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 had significant increased following early injured via p-STAT3 may be play a role in secondary spinal cord injury by inflammatory cascade; abnormally elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-17, possibly in secondary injury plays an important role in inflammation. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of a primate animal model of mandibular reconstruction with the prefabricated, customized bone flaps Zhou Miao, Peng Xin, Che Yue-juan, Mao Chi, Hu Min, Yu Guang-yan 2014, 18 (18):  2812-2817.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.18.005 Abstract ( 350 )   PDF (989KB) ( 634 )   Save BACKGROUND: Prefabricated customized bone flaps have the advantages of few trauma, good vascularization, ossification with predetermined shape, and can be used to restore bone defects with compromised blood bed. OBJECTIVE: To establish animal models of mandibular reconstruction with prefabricated, customized bone flaps. METHODS: After computed tomography scanning of nine rhesus’ head, customized meshes were made. After loading with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2-incorporated demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) or coralline hydroxyapatite (CHA), the constructs were implanted in latissimus dorsi muscle. Meanwhile, segmental mandibular defects were created, and the customized meshes loaded with DFDBA, CHA, or recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2-incooperated DFDBA and CHA were implanted in situ. At 13 weeks, prefabricated bone flaps with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2-incorporated DFDBA or CHA were transferred to repair segmental mandibular defects. Clinical and histological analyses were used to evaluate the ossification and vascularization of the prefabricated implants in ectopic and orthotopic sites. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Segmental mandibular defects were successfully restored with prefabricated bone flaps and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2-incorporated CHA in situ, but other segmental mandibular defects remained with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2-incorporated DFDBA, DFDBA and CHA in situ. Moreover, mandibles reconstructed with prefabricated bone flaps revealed more regenerated and homogeneous bone formation than other reconstructions. These findings suggest that the animal model of mandibular reconstruction with prefabricated, customized bone in rhesus monkey is applicable. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of a femoral fracture model combined with spinal cord injury in Sprague-Dawley rats Wang Hai-long, Sheng Wei-bin, Xu Tao, Guo Hai-long 2014, 18 (18):  2818-2823.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.18.006 Abstract ( 445 )   PDF (2175KB) ( 777 )   Save BACKGROUND: In the animal model of spinal cord injury associated with fractures, the trauma is severe and postoperative survival rate is low. The improved Allen method and open femoral osteotomy method for making animal model has many advantages, such as simple operation, no need of special equipment, quick establishment, shortened operation time and reduced intraoperative bleeding, so they are suitable for preparing a femoral fracture model combined with spinal cord injury. OBJECTIVE: To design an animal model of femoral fracture combined with spinal cord injury, which can maintain long time survival, meet clinical features, and is simple and easy. METHODS: Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into simple femoral fracture group and femoral fracture merging spinal cord injury group. Femoral fracture model was caused by opening osteotomy to cause transverse fracture and implantation of internal fixator in femur. According to the improved Allen method, a self-made blow device was applied to cause acute T10 segment contusion injury of spinal cord in rats. Thus the femoral fracture model merging spinal cord injury was successfully established. The rats in two groups were grossly observed at different time points after the modeling, and the fracture healing at 4 weeks was detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All the animal models of femoral fracture with spinal cord injury survived, which exhibited the loss of sensory and motor function of the lower limbs, but could slowly creep forward by the upper limbs. In the first 3 days, the rats had poor appetite and few activity, with tail suspension at night there were no ischemia and necrosis of the limb fracture. At 4 weeks, one rat in simple femoral fracture group died, while four rats in femoral fracture merging spinal cord injury group died, with the survival rate of 83.33%, intramedullary fixation were not prolapsed. In the two groups, continuous bone callus formation was found in the fracture, and the bone callus volume in femoral fracture merging spinal cord injury group was significantly higher than those in simple femoral fracture group. The results demonstrated that combining the improved Allen method with small lateral incision open femoral osteotomy is a simple and feasible method for the establishment of femoral fracture model merging spinal cord injury, and the models survive for 4 weeks. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | Related Articles | Metrics

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Interleukin-17 expression in the injured site of a rat model of complete spinal cord transection Ma Chao, Xu Zhen, Wang Zhuo-qiang, Deng Shi-yuan 2014, 18 (18):  2824-2829.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.18.007 Abstract ( 345 )   PDF (2198KB) ( 614 )   Save BACKGROUND: Intervention using known inflammatory transmitters has limitations on relieving secondary spinal cord injury. Interleukin-17 is an important proinflammatory cytokine, and is gradually paid attention in the pathogenesis of central nervous system diseases.   OBJECTIVE: To investigate the altered rule of interleukin-17 mRNA and protein in a rat model of acute spinal cord injury. METHODS: Healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to two groups. In the model group, rats were made into complete spinal cord transaction models. In the sham surgery group, only spinal dura mater was opened, but parenchyma was not injured. Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan locomotor rating scale was used to observe the effects of acute spinal cord injury on limb motor function of rats. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe histopathological changes at various time points after spinal cord injury. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and western blotting were used to detect interleukin-17 mRNA and protein levels in each group at various time points after spinal cord injury. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan locomotor rating scale: Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan scores were 20 to 21 in the sham surgery group. Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan scores were 0 at 1 and 2 days after spinal cord injury. At 7 days, Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan scores were 0 to 3 (P < 0.05). Hematoxylin-eosin staining results revealed that compared with the sham surgery group, inflammatory cell infiltration, neuronal and glial cell swelling, and a reduced number of neuronal processes were observed at 6 hours after spinal cord injury. Gray matter and white matter were loose and vacuolated at 12 hours. Gliocyte proliferation and tissue fibrosis were apparent at 7 days. Real-time PCR results demonstrated that interleukin-17 mRNA appeared at 3 hours, and peaked at 6 hours (P < 0.01), and then decreased. Interleukin-17 mRNA levels were similar to the sham surgery group at 7 days. Western blotting results revealed that interleukin-17 expression began to increase at 6 hours and peaked at 12 hours (P < 0.05), and then reduced, and reached the levels in the sham surgery group at 7 days. Results indicated that tissue injury was most severe at 12 hours, and showed a time consistency with interleukin-17 expression. It is inferred that interleukin-17 is possibly involved in the process of secondary inflammatory reaction of spinal cord. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Rabbit is suitable for establishing an animal model of rhino-sinusitis Xie Dao-yu, Ju Jian-bao, Yu Hai-ling, Li Na, Hao Da-peng, Sui Ai-hua 2014, 18 (18):  2830-2835.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.18.008 Abstract ( 343 )   PDF (505KB) ( 819 )   Save BACKGROUND: Using experimental animals to simulate diseases of human being is the basis of studying etiology and treatment of the diseases, so the diseases of nasal cavity and sinus need suitable experimental animals as models. OBJECTIVE: To observe the regional anatomy of rhino-sinus in rabbits and its performance through CT imaging, and to discuss the feasibility of applying a rabbit model to the study of animal rhino-sinusitis. METHODS: Routine coronal and axial scanning images of rhino-sinus of New Zealand rabbits were performed through Discovery CT750 HD. The rhino-sinus anatomy was then observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The nasal septum is located on both sides of the nasal cavity. The lateral wall of rabbit nasal is composed of maxillary turbinate, middle turbinate, the inside of the middle turbinate and inferior turbinate. The maxillary sinus cavity is the largest one and ethmoid sinus, sphenoid sinus and frontal sinus are relatively much smaller. All these sinuses are paired and symmetrical. The rhino-sinus in rabbit is displayed clearly in CT scan. The anatomical location of rabbit is similar to that of human; however, the maxillary sinus of rabbit is greater than that of human correspondingly, which is suitable for operating and applying to surgical anatomy and imaging analysis. The rabbit model of rhino-sinus can be applied to simulate human rhino-sinusitis. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of heme oxygenase-1 mRNA and protein after delayed encephalopathy in carbon monoxide poisoning mice Zhao Lin-yan, Yu Jia-chuan 2014, 18 (18):  2836-2840.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.18.009 Abstract ( 464 )   PDF (782KB) ( 791 )   Save BACKGROUND: Currently delayed encephalopathy is closely related with the cell apoptosis in nerve tissue after carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. The protective effect of heme oxygenase-1, especially in the brain injury remains controversial. OBJECTIVE: To observe heme oxygenase-1 mRNA and protein expression at different time points after CO poisoning in the mouse brain. METHODS: Male Kunming mice, weighing 18-22 g, were randomly divided into CO poisoning group and air control group. The model of delayed encephalopathy after acute CO poisoning was established with intraperitoneal injection of CO. Air control group was intraperitoneally injected with air. In situ hybridization and western blot analysis were applied to observe the heme oxygenase-1 mRNA and protein expression in the hippocampus of mice in the two groups at different time points. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were few positive cells for heme oxygenase-1 mRNA expression in the air control group, with light staining; but a large number of positive cells for heme oxygenase-1 mRNA expression in CO poisoning group, with deep staining. The heme oxygenase-1 mRNA expression was increased at 1 days (P < 0.01), reached a peak at 3 days (P < 0.01), decreased at 5 days (P < 0.01), and still higher than air control group at 21 days (P < 0.01). Changes of heme oxygenase-1 protein expression were consistent with heme oxygenase-1 mRNA expression. The upregulated expression of heme oxygenase-1 mRNA and protein plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of delayed encephalopathy after CO poisoning. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | Related Articles | Metrics

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Diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis infection after renal transplantation Li Guo-wen, Hu Jian-min, Liu Yong-guang, Fan Li-pei, Li Liu-yang, Zhao Ming 2014, 18 (18):  2841-2847.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.18.010 Abstract ( 593 )   PDF (1087KB) ( 811 )   Save BACKGROUND: The rate of tuberculosis infection was high in patients after renal transplantation. Clinical manifestation is not typical, which brings inconvenience to diagnose. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the diagnosis and therapeutic methods of tuberculosis infection after allograft renal transplantation. METHODS: Relevant diagnosis and therapeutic method of 13 patients with tuberculosis infection after renal transplantation were retrospectively analyzed in the Department of Organ Transplantation, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University from January 2010 to October 2013. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The onset time was 4-120 months after operation; 62% (8/13) patients within 18 months after transplantation. Patients affected long-period fever, mainly low-grade fever. Four cases were identified according to the history, imaging data in combination with positive pathogenic diagnosis. Five cases were identified according to the history, imaging data combined with lung biopsy histopathology. The remaining four cases were identified according to the history, imaging data with experimental effective anti tuberculosis treatment. Early pulmonary symptom was not obvious. Chest CT was helpful in early diagnosis and differential diagnosis. All patients followed early, law, full, right amount, combined with principles of anti-tuberculosis treatment, and treatment usually lasted for 6-10 months. They were given combined anti-tuberculosis infection drugs, adjustment of immunosuppressive agents and five-ester capsule for liver protection therapy. Thirteen patients were alive, no deaths. Two cases with early infection without timely treatment suffered from acute rejection, leading to loss of graft function and returned to hemodialysis. The others were cured and left hospital. Renal function was normal after 6-month follow-up (serum creatinine). Results indicated that after renal transplantation, patients with pulmonary tuberculosis should be early detected, early diagnosed and early treated. CT guided biopsy can be used as an effective and feasible means for diagnosis and identification of smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis after renal transplantation. Adjustment of immune scheme, anti-tuberculosis treatment and five-ester capsule significantly reduced calcineurin inhibitor dose, and lessened their adverse reactions. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Apoptosis of optic nerve cells after retinal contusion injury in rabbits Wang Zhi-yu, Shi Ai-yun 2014, 18 (18):  2848-2854.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.18.011 Abstract ( 286 )   PDF (2236KB) ( 626 )   Save BACKGROUND: Retinal contusion injury is one of the leading causes for vision impairment, and clinical treatment is difficult. Although fundus change after retinal contusion injury has been fully understood, the pathogenesis and drug treatment still remain controversial. OBJECTIVE: To explore the apoptosis and related mechanism of optic nerve cells in rabbit model of retinal contusion injury. METHODS: Forty-eight healthy adult rabbits without oculopathy were divided into eight groups: 1 hour, 3 hours, 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, 28 days after contusion and normal control, with six rabbits in each group. Right eye of each rabbit was treated with Allen’s reformative hitting method as contusive retinopathy model. The eyeballs were enucleated at different time points after injury in rabbit retina. The pathological section of optic nerve 5 mm posterior to sieve plate was harvested. The morphologic changes of optic nerve were observed and number of glial cells was measured using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Electron microscope and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling technique were used to assess apoptosis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the normal control group, glial cells presented cylinder shapes and neural fibers arranged neatly. The trend of the glial cells was as the same as the neural fibers. But the optic nerve fibers arranged in disorder and the glial cells lost polarity in the groups of 1 hour, 3 hours, 1 day, 3 days, 7 days after retinal contusion injury. The number of glial cells in 1 hour, 3 hours, 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days was extremely significantly reduced compared with normal control group (P < 0.01). There was cell apoptosis in  optic nerve after retinal contusion injury, but almost not observed in optic nerve from normal control group, 1 hour and 28 days after injury. The apoptotic cells were abundant at 3 hours, 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, 14 days after injury, and peaked at 3 days, showing extremely significant differences compared with normal control group (P < 0.01). Apoptosis occurs in optic nerve after contusion of retina, which may be one of the reasons for incomplete recovery of retinal function. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Differential expression profiles of microRNAs in a rat model of obliterative bronchiolitis Wang Jin-yi, Cao Hao, Hong Xuan, Chen Guo-han, Fan Hui-min, Li Qin-chuan, Liu Zhong-min 2014, 18 (18):  2855-2860.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.18.012 Abstract ( 304 )   PDF (1967KB) ( 438 )   Save BACKGROUND: There is no effective therapy for obliterative bronchiolitis after tracheal transplantation. A therapeutic strategy at microRNA (miRNA) molecular level plays a crucial role in the prevention and treatment of complications after organ transplantation. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the miRNA differential expression profile in response to obliterative bronchiolitis after orthotopic tracheal transplantation in rats. METHODS: The obliterative bronchiolitis model after lung transplantation was established through orthotopic tracheal transplantation in inbred strains of rats, and then was identified using histoIogical examination. Total miRNAs were detected by miRNA array and significantly differential expressed miRNAs were filtrated in the transplanted trachea tissues. The miRNA-146a, miRNA-155 and miRNA-451 with significantly differential expressions were used for relative quantitative study. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was applied to verify the reliability of miRNA array results. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The pathological examination showed that, obliterative bronchiolitis model in rats was successfully established at 4 weeks after orthotopic tracheal transplantation. A total of obliterative bronchiolitis-related 29 miRNAs were found in miRNA expression profiles, including 14 miRNAs with significantly down-regulated expression and 15 miRNAs with significantly up-regulated expression. Among them, the significantly up-regulated miRNAs (miRNA-146a and miRNA-155) and the significantly down-regulated miRNA-451 were involved in immuno-inflammatory reaction. The miRNAs play an important role in regulating pathophysiological changes of obliterative bronchiolitis after lung transplantation. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Hydrogen-rich saline can inhibit apoptosis of spinal cord motor neurons in rabbits with spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury Sun Yan-qing, Chen Xiong-sheng, Cao Dong, Zhu Wei, Jia Lian-shun 2014, 18 (18):  2861-2866.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.18.013 Abstract ( 337 )   PDF (2217KB) ( 491 )   Save BACKGROUND: Spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury is a serious secondary injury of the spinal cord. Multifactor could contribute to the mechanism of this injury, and many therapeutic measures emerge, but the therapeutic effect is not ideal. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effects and mechanism of hydrogen-rich saline on spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits. METHODS: ZIVIN method was adopted to prepare the model of spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury. The rabbit models were randomly divided into model group, sham operation group, and hydrogen-rich saline group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Improved Tarlov scores for the evaluation of motor function were significantly increased in hydrogen-rich saline group compared with the model group at 6, 12, 24, 72 hours after reperfusion  (P < 0.01). The contents of malondialdehyde were significantly lower (P < 0.05), while catalase activity was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in hydrogen-rich saline group than that in model group at 72 hours after reperfusion. Hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed that, spinal cord anterior-horn motor neurons maintained intact structure in sham operation group; more necrotic spinal cord anterior-horn motor neurons were found in model group, and granular-vacuolar degeneration occurred in the endochylema. In hydrogen-rich saline group, the structure of spinal cord anterior-horn motor neurons was basically intact, only a small amount of spinal cord anterior-horn motor neurons appeared vacuolar degeneration. TUNEL staining showed no apoptotic spinal cord anterior-horn motor neurons in sham operation group. Many inflammatory cells and apoptotic neurons were found in model group. There were few inflammatory cells and apoptotic neurons in hydrogen-rich saline group. Hydrogen-rich saline can prevent the apoptosis of spinal cord anterior-horn motor neurons in rabbits with spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury, and the underlying mechanism is associated with antioxidative effect. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Ultrastructural changes in a rat model of lower limb ischemia/reperfusion injury undergoing edaravone Dong Su-ming, Chang Wen-kai, Luo Jun-qian, Xue Jia-jie, Jia Ying-wei, Liang Bing-sheng 2014, 18 (18):  2867-2871.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.18.014 Abstract ( 475 )   PDF (879KB) ( 584 )   Save BACKGROUND: The oxygen free radicals and apoptosis play an important role in limb ischemia/reperfusion injury, so we can alleviate limb ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting the production of oxygen free radicals and apoptosis. OBJECTIVE: To discuss the application and effect of edaravone on limb ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. METHODS: Of the 30 female Sprague-Dawley rats, 20 rats were randomly selected to make models of limb ischemia/reperfusion injury by ligating the root of right lower limb with a self-made balloon cuff at 40 kPa pressure to block blood flow for 4 hours and reperfusing. After success model establishment, they were randomly assigned to two groups. In the edaravone perfusion group, edaravone 3 mg/kg was injected via the left femoral vein at 5 minutes before reperfusion. In the model group and normal group (the remaining 10 rats), an equal volume of physiological saline was given at the same time point. At 24 hours after reperfusion, the right anterior tibial muscle  of each group was removed and these ultrastructural changes were observed by transmission electron microscope. Bcl-2 mRNA and Bax mRNA of rat anterior tibial muscle of each group were semiquantitatively detected with the RT-PCR and the ratio of bcl-2/bax was calculated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1)Electron microscope results: compared with the model group, the muscle fibers were neater; the M line and the N line were clearer; the swelling of mitochondria was alleviated; the numbers of mitochondria and mitochondrial crista were also increased in the edaravone perfusion group. (2)RT-PCR results: At 24 hours after reperfusion, the relative expression of bcl-2 mRNA and the ratio of bcl-2 mRNA to bax mRNA in right anterior tibial muscle were lower in the model group compared with the edaravone perfusion group (P < 0.05). However, relative expression of bax mRNA was greater in the model group than that in the edaravone perfusion group, which were both higher than the normal group (P < 0.05). Results indicated that the free radical scavenger edaravone relieved limb ischemia/reperfusion injury by improving the mitochondrial ultrastructure and promoting expression of bcl-2 mRNA and inhibiting expression of bax mRNA, and could provide a new choice for the treatment of limb ischemia/reperfusion injury. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and benefiting-Qi nourishing-Yin and dissolving-congestion prescription on lower extremity arterial restenosis in model dogs with diabetes mellitus Cheng Xue, Wang Yi-zhong, Ding Ming-chao, Cui Xiao-lan, Wang Bin, Wang Jia, Shi Han, 2014, 18 (18):  2872-2879.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.18.015 Abstract ( 318 )   PDF (1121KB) ( 572 )   Save BACKGROUND: At present, a great quantity of research has shown the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for vascular restenosis. However, studies concerning their combined application to restenosis after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with diabetes mellitus are presently lacking. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of combined application of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and benefiting-Qi nourishing-Yin and dissolving-congestion prescription on restenosis after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in dogs with diabetes mellitus. METHODS: A dog model of vascular restenosis with diabetes mellitus was established by balloon injury of femoral artery and intravenous injection of alloxan. After successful model induction, 22 dog models were randomly divided into three groups: model group (n=6), treatment with Chinese medicine (n=8), and combined treatment with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and Chinese medicine (n=8). Serum vascular endothelial growth factor levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay preoperatively and at 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks postoperation. Samples of vessels were taken to conduct pathomorphological observation and quantitative analysis of proliferation degree. Tissues, including heart, liver, kidney and pancreatic gland, were collected to evaluate the safety of stem cell transplantation using hematoxylin-eosin staining at 8 weeks postoperation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Serum vascular endothelial growth factor levels began to increase at 1 week postoperation in the Chinese medicine group and combined treatment group, at 4 weeks postoperation in the model group compared with preoperation (P < 0.05). At all time points, serum vascular endothelial growth factor levels were highest in the combined treatment group, but lowest in the model group (P < 0.05). Quantitative analysis of vascular proliferation demonstrated that at 8 weeks postoperation, new intimal area, new intimal/medial areas and stenosis rate were highest in the model group, but lowest in the combined treatment group at 8 weeks postoperation (P < 0.05). Safety assessment of stem cell transplantation showed morphological structures of the heart, liver, kidneys and pancreas were normal, no necrosis. In a word, the effects of the combined application of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and benefiting-Qi nourishing-Yin and dissolving-congestion prescription were much pronounced in preventing restenosis after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in dogs with diabetes mellitus rather than single therapy of Chinese medicine. It is a safe and effective treatment to prevent vascular restenosis after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in dogs with diabetes mellitus. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cytoskeletal vimentin protein expression in rats with exhaustive eccentric exercise injury Liu Xiang-dong, Li Yang 2014, 18 (18):  2880-2885.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.18.016 Abstract ( 420 )   PDF (1040KB) ( 567 )   Save BACKGROUND: Due to different experimental methods, the change of cytoskeleton proteins after centrifugal movement is still controversial. OBJECTIVE: To establish exhaustive eccentric exercise injury model in rats and to observe cytoskeletal vimentin protein expression at different time. METHODS: A total of 48 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly and equally divided into six groups: quiet control group, immediately after exercise group, and 12, 24, 48, 72 hours after exercise groups. In the exercise groups, the rats were subject treadmill exercise at the speed of 16 m/min in a -16° slope, for 100 minutes at the interval of 5 minutes. The quiet control group maintained unchanged, without exercise. The cytoskeletal vimentin was detected with immunohistochemical staining using anti-vimentin antibody, and vimentin expression changes were observed at different time after exhaustive eccentric exercise through the changes of target area percentage. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results of target area percentage showed that, there was no significant difference between quiet control group and immediately after exercise group (P > 0.05). Compared with the immediately after exercise group, the target area percentage was slightly increased in 12 hours after exercise group, without significant difference (P > 0.05). Compared with the 12 hours after exercise group, the target area   percentage was also slightly increased in 24 hours after exercise group, without significant difference (P > 0.05). Compared with quiet control group and immediately after exercise group, the target area percentage was increased in 24 hours exercise group (P < 0.05). Compared with immediately and 12 hours after exercise groups, the target area percentage was increased significantly in 48 hours after exercise group (P < 0.01). Compared with 48 hours after exercise group, the target area percentage began to decline in 72 hours after exercise group (P < 0.05), which was higher than quiet control level. After exhaustive eccentric exercise, cytoskeletal vimentin begin to express at varying degrees. The vimentin expression is increased gradually at 12 hours and reached the peak at 48 hours, then begins to decrease. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Modified method of establishing a rat model of myocardial infarction Zhao Chuan-yan, Wang Xin 2014, 18 (18):  2886-2891.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.18.017 Abstract ( 569 )   PDF (830KB) ( 833 )   Save BACKGROUND: An animal model of myocardial infarction is of great significance for the study of the pathogenesis, pathophysiology and evaluation of treatment methods of human coronary artery disease. Many researchers aim to improve survival rate and the success rate of model induction. OBJECTIVE: To improve the method of making a rat model of myocardial infarction. METHODS: One hundred Wistar rats were divided into model group (n=80) and sham-operated group (n=20). The rats were intraperitoneally anesthetized with 3% sodium pentobarbital. Tracheostomy was operated. An automatic breathing apparatus was utilized for assisted breathing. A left anterior thoracotomy was performed at the fourth intercostal space. The left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated. Sham-operated rats underwent similar surgery but without coronary artery ligation. The thoracic cavity was closed layer by layer. The breathing apparatus was removed and tracheal intubation was also removed. To prevent suffocation, the trachea and the neck incision were not closed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Heart morphology and hematoxylin-eosin staining demonstrated that the success rate of establishing myocardial infarction model was 98.6%. The survival rate of model group at 3 weeks after surgery was 88.75%. Totally nine rats died, including seven dead rats during operation and within 24 hours after operation, and two dead rats in later stage. The survival rate of the sham-operated group was 100%. We modified the method of establishing a rat model of myocardial infarction and improved the operation success rate and survival rate of rats, such as anesthesia method, longitudinal incision during tracheotomy, without closing the trachea after operation, and the method of opening and closing the chest. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Receptor-interacting protein 140 mRNA expression in adipose tissue of a mouse model of high fat diet Zhai Yan-pan, Wang Luan, Ma Rui-xin 2014, 18 (18):  2892-2896.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.18.018 Abstract ( 337 )   PDF (718KB) ( 503 )   Save BACKGROUND: Receptor-interacting protein 140-knockout mice are lean and resistant to high fat diet-induced obesity due to an increase in mitochondrial biogenesis, fatty acid oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation. OBJECTIVE: To study the expression level of receptor-interacting protein 140 mRNA in adipose tissue of high fat diet-induced obese mice and the correlation with insulin resistance.  METHODS: Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control group and high fat diet group, and fed for 14 weeks separately. The mice of the two groups were weighed. Mice in high fat diet group whose body weight were 20% higher than average weight of control mice were selected as obese mice. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 12 mice in high fat diet group were recruited into the obesity group. The levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, fast blood glucose and fast insulin in obesity group were significantly higher than those of control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The expression of receptor-interacting protein 140 mRNA in adipose was significantly higher in obesity group compared with the controls (P < 0.05). Moreover, the expression of receptor-interacting protein 140 mRNA in adipose was positively correlated with triglycerides levels and insulin resistance index (r=0.526, P < 0.05; r=0.465, P < 0.05), but negatively associated with the levels of total cholesterol, fast blood glucose and fast insulin (P > 0.05). 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Small interfering RNA inhibits glucose regulated protein 94 expression in transplantable models of human ovarian carcinoma in nude mice  Zhang Li-ying, Xu Ai-li, Li Pei-ling, Ai Li-min 2014, 18 (18):  2897-2902.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.18.019 Abstract ( 576 )   PDF (870KB) ( 479 )   Save BACKGROUND: After glucose regulated protein 94 (GRP94) was knockout in model mice of transplanted tumor, cellular adhesion is terminated, thus stimulating the proliferation of liver-derived cells and promoting the development of liver cancer. We speculate that GRP94 plays a protective role against liver cancer. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of endoplasmic reticulum molecular chaperone GRP94 mRNA and protein with small interfering RNA technique in nude mice model of transplantable human ovarian carcinoma, and to explore the effect of GRP94 mRNA and protein expression on the growth of transplanted tumor. METHODS: The gene sequences of human GRP94 were obtained from Gene Bank. psiSTRIKETM/GRP94 was constructed, which is eukaryotic expression vector controlled by the U6 promoter of human RNA polymerase Ⅲ. The transplantable model of human ovarian carcinoma in nude mice was established using human ovarian  cancer HO-8910 cell line. The eukaryotic expression vector was transfected into the transplanted tumors in nude mice, and the growth of the tumor was observed. The nude mice models were divided into three groups, specific small interfering RNA group, non-specific small interfering RNA group and saline control group. The volumes of the subcutaneous tumor were determined. RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of GRP94 respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The recombinant plasmid of RNA interference specific for GRP94 was successfully constructed. The subcutaneous tumors appeared in all the nude mice 5 days after transplantation. The diameter of subcutaneous tumors was 7-10 mm 14 days after transplantation. The growth of subcutaneous tumors in nude mice with interference specific for GRP94 treatment was significantly decreased as compared with non-specific small interfering RNA group and control group (P < 0.05). The proliferation activity was inhibited by 65.1%. The expression of GRP94 mRNA and protein was significantly down-regulated after treatment of psiSTRIKETM/GRP94 (P < 0.01). The transfection of psiSTRIKETM/GRP94 could significantly induce inhibitory effects on the growth of ovarian carcinoma in nude mice, and the underlying mechanism is associated with the down-regulated expression of GRP94 mRNA and protein. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of continuous renal replacement therapy on refractory hypertension in maintenance hemodialysis patients Zhu Yuan, Zhang Xiao-dong, Song Jie, Li Hui 2014, 18 (18):  2903-2908.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.18.020 Abstract ( 335 )   PDF (675KB) ( 527 )   Save BACKGROUND: About 10%-49% of maintenance hemodialysis patients are accompanied by refractory hypertension and common drug therapy is ineffective. Continuous renal replacement therapy could clear the middle and giant molecule toxins in the blood plasma of patients, it is theoretically treat refractory hypertension through reducing the toxin levels. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of continuous renal replacement therapy on maintenance hemodialysis patients with refractory hypertension. METHODS: A total of 45 maintenance hemodialysis patients with refractory hypertension were randomly divided into two groups, hemodialysis group (n=22) and continuous blood purification group (n=23). Hemodialysis group underwent conventional hemodialysis treatment. Continuous blood purification group underwent conventional hemodialysis therapy, and treatment of continuous blood purification weekly. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After 3 months of treatment, the renin activity, endothelin, angiotensin II, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels in continuous blood purification group were significantly lower than the levels before the experiment, while 24-hour mean blood pressure levels were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). In hemodialysis group, renin activity, endothelin, angiotensin II, C-reactive  protein, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels and 24-hour mean blood pressure did not change (P > 0.05). After the test, continuous blood purification group showed significantly lower levels of the above index than the hemodialysis group (P < 0.05). Continuous renal replacement therapy plus hemodialysis significantly reduce the blood pressure in maintenance hemodialysis patients with refractory hypertension, the potential mechanisms are mediated by lowering the middle and giant molecule toxin as well as inflammatory factor in plasma. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Caspofungin treats pulmonary invasive fungal infection in 12 renal transplant patients Liu Kuan, Shang Wen-jun 2014, 18 (18):  2909-2914.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.18.021 Abstract ( 557 )   PDF (619KB) ( 681 )   Save BACKGROUND: Lung invasive fungal infection is the main reason for the failure in renal transplant recipients. Caspofungin has specific anti-fungi mechanism, and can effectively prevent the candida fungus that is resistant to Fluconazol and Itraconazole. Caspofungin exerts good tolerance, without dose- or time-dependent toxicity. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Caspofungin in treatment of pulmonary invasive fungal infection following kidney transplantation. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed in renal transplant patients who were diagnosed pulmonary invasive fungal infection in Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sanmenxia Central Hospital between January 2013 and December 2013. The patients were then treated with Caspofungin as antifungal therapy. The initial dose was 70 mg per day and then changed to 50 mg per day, via intravenous drip. After drug intervention, liver function was evaluated twice per week. The severity of liver functional impairment or emergency of new impairment indicated the adjustment of Caspofungin dose or withdrawal. The treatment was given for 10-14 days. The curative effect and adverse reaction of patients were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Total 12 patients were treated, and the percentage of fungi microbiology evidence was 66.7%. Among these evidenced patients, candida fungus was the dominant, accounting for 75.0%, accompanying bacterial infection was found in 58.3%, accompanying cytomegalovirus infection was found in 25.0%. The effective treatment rate was up to 91.67% (11/12), the mortality was 8.33% (1/12), and the incidence of adverse reactions was 25%. Caspofungin effectively prevented pulmonary invasive fungal infection following kidney transplantation, as empirical antifungal therapy, with low incidence of adverse reactions. Therefore Caspofungin is the preferred drug against pulmonary invasive fungal infection in renal transplant recipients. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Autologous tendon graft for the repair of superior tibiofibular joint dislocation Wang Jun-feng 2014, 18 (18):  2915-2920.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.18.022 Abstract ( 588 )   PDF (604KB) ( 833 )   Save BACKGROUND: Superior tibiofibular joint dislocation is not common, and often combined with other injuries in the clinic, so it is easy to be neglected or missed. Thus, some side outcomes appeared, such as chronic knee joint pain, dysesthesia and limitation of motion. OBJECTIVE: To reconstruct normal superior tibiofibular joint by using autologous tendon graft to bone tunnel. METHODS: Three patients with superior tibiofibular joint dislocation, who were missed and treated with improper method, were enrolled in Workers General Hospital, Xishan Coal Electricity Group since 2009. One was a male soldier aged 26 years old; one was a male miner aged 36 years old; one was a female athlete aged 36 years old. The clinical symptoms were different in these three patients, but their capitulum fibulae had the feeling of tenderness and flotation. Accessory examinations (X-ray/MRI) presented negative. Ipsilateral autologous semitendinosus muscles and gracilis tendon were used to repair superior tibiofibular joint dislocation in the three patients so as to reconstruct superior tibiofibular joint. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The effects of postoperative functional exercise were satisfactory in three patients with superior tibiofibular joint dislocation. Lateral knee joint was swollen. Fibular head presented obvious tenderness and floating feeling. When ankle joint was moving, pain and limitation of motion completely disappeared. The sense of ankle and foot and the strength of muscle recovered to normal. These results indicated that to avoid missed diagnosis, physicians should check whether the capitulum fibulae was moving or not before autologous tendon graft was utilized to reconstruct superior tibiofibular joint dislocation. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Vacuum sealing drainage combined with groin flap graft repairs soft tissue defects in the anterior tibia Liu Wei, Xiao Jun, Zheng Zuo-yong, Xiao Yan, Li Xiao-fei, Ou Guang-peng, Huang Rui-liang, Ahmatjiang•Yusufu 2014, 18 (18):  2921-2926.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.18.023 Abstract ( 421 )   PDF (885KB) ( 709 )   Save BACKGROUND: Open fracture of lower limb with severe soft tissue and bone defects also accompanies anterior tibial soft tissue defects and exposure of sclerotin and steel plate, which can be crucially treated with strong fixation and use of skin flap to block the wound. OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical efficacy of a large area of soft tissue defects in the anterior tibia using vacuum sealing drainage combined with groin free flap. METHODS: A total of 24 patients with a large area of soft tissue defects in the anterior tibia were included in this study and then divided into two groups, with 12 cases in each group. In vacuum sealing drainage group, the scope of soft tissue defects was ranged from 10 cm×15 cm to 15 cm×20 cm. After the debridement, the  fracture was fixed with external fixation scaffold and the wound was covered with the vacuum sealing drainage dressing. The blood clot was rinsed with normal saline via T-tube, and 7-10 days later the vacuum sealing drainage was given. According to the growth of granulation tissue, the wound was secondarily sutured, followed by groin free skin flap of superficial iliac circumflex artery with medial knee arteriovenous anastomosis transplantation. In the non-vacuum sealing drainage group, the wound size was ranged from 10 cm×5 cm to 30 cm×20 cm, the period from injury to admission was 1-24 hours. They were given conventional debridement and secondary fixation or skin flap transplantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The length of preoperative hospital stay and the skin flap are in vacuum sealing drainage group were significantly better than those in non-vacuum sealing drainage group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the length of postoperative stay and total length of hospital stay between the two groups (P > 0.05). The wound infection rate was 0 in vacuum sealing drainage group and 75% in non-vacuum sealing drainage group at 8-14 days after treatment. The wound and donor area incision were healed at I stage, the skin grafts survived. All the involved patients in two groups were followed up, for 6-36 months. During the follow-up process, the fracture healing time in non-vacuum sealing drainage group was significantly longer than that in vacuum sealing drainage group. The skin flap in two groups was similar to surrounding skin in color and texture, the flap exhibited no vessels, no ulceration, and no clumsy. The vacuum sealing drainage combined with groin free flap can timely control a large area of soft tissue defects post-trauma, improve wound blood supply, shorten preoperative preparation time, early close the wound, significantly promote the healing of wound and fracture. The skin flap is soft, flexible, well-looking, and active functional, it significantly shortens the course of treatment and maximizes the recovery of limb function. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Reversed sural neurovascular pedicle flap treats post-operative Achilles tendon infection and skin defects Wei Ren-qian, Deng Rui, Huang Kai 2014, 18 (18):  2927-2932.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.18.024 Abstract ( 320 )   PDF (693KB) ( 448 )   Save BACKGROUND: Achilles tendon is placed in superficial position, and blood supply is few offered. Open injury leads to severe contamination, which is difficult to remove by complete debridement. Following the repair surgery, the infection, local skin defects and tendon exposure occur, change of dressing obtains unsatisfactory outcome. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical application of vacuum sealing drainage technique combined with reversed sural neurovascular pedicle flap to treat post-operative infection and skin of Achilles tendon. METHODS: From 2009 to 2012, 13 patients with post-operative infection and skin of Achilles tendon were selected from the Second People’s Hospital of Foshan City, China, including 8 males and 5 females. The age of the involved patients was 25-65 years old. The accompanied soft tissue defects after ankle were ranged  4 cm×5 cm to 7 cm×6 cm, and repaired with repeated debridement and vacuum sealing drainage technique, until the wound granulation tissue was clean and the infection was controlled. The skin defects were repaired by reversed sural neurovascular pedicle flap. The healing of the wound was observed during follow-ups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All the patients were followed for 9-14 months. All the flaps survived completely in 13 patients, with good appearance, blood supply and texture. No secondary necrosis and infection was found. According to the AOFAS evaluation, the excellent rate of ankle joint function was 90% at post-operative 6 months. The wound infection can be effectively controlled by vacuum sealing drainage. The reversed sural neurovascular pedicle flap could provide a good covering for the exposed tendon and a flap with fine appearance, blood supply, texture and elasticity for soft tissue defects. The recovery of ankle joint functions is excellent, without local cicatricial contracture. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The treatment of wounds caused by rejection after allogeneic bone transplantation: traditional wound dressing and vacuum sealing drainage Zhang Nu, Zhang Chun, Liu Shi-qing 2014, 18 (18):  2933-2938.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.18.025 Abstract ( 1785 )   PDF (671KB) ( 583 )   Save BACKGROUND: In the treatment of wound sustained exudate caused by rejection after allogeneic bone transplantation, traditional method of wound dressing not only needs frequent dressing changes, but also can not completely close the wound. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of traditional method and vacuum sealing drainage in the treatment of wound sustained exudate caused by rejection after allograft bone transplantation. METHODS: A total of 45 patients who developed wound sustained exudates caused by rejection after allogeneic bone transplantation, were randomly divided into test and control groups according to the wishes of patients. The test group included 27 patients who were treated with vacuum sealing drainage, and the control group included 18 patients who were treated with conventional dressing. Number of dressings, wound healing time and infection rates were detected and compared in the two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the test group the average number of dressings was 1.22, the wound average healing time were 16.26 days, infection rates were 4%. In the control group the average number of dressings was 9.78, the wound average healing time were 21.06 days, infection rates were 28%. There were significant differences in the wound healing time, the number of dressings and infection rates between the two groups (P < 0.05). The vacuum sealing drainage can shorten wound healing time, reduce the number of dressings, and lower infection rates. Vacuum sealing drainage is an effective method for the treatment of wound sustained exudates caused by rejection after allograft bone transplantation. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Reproductive effects of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer: in vitro culture and cryopreservation of embryos Wang Fang, Chen Shao-wei 2014, 18 (18):  2939-2944.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.18.026 Abstract ( 366 )   PDF (642KB) ( 674 )   Save BACKGROUND: Since the first successful birth of a "test tube baby", in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer technology has been greatly developed within 20 years. OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively analyze the assisted reproductive effects of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer, and to explore the culture of embryos in vitro and the application of cryopreservation technology. METHODS: A total of 131 infertile patients received in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer or intracytoplasmic sperm injection in Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, China. There were 147 oocyte retrieval cycles and 124 transfer cycles, the mean age of the patients was 31.32 years. Standard long-protocol ovulation induction was given to 131 oocyte retrieval cycles, super-long-protocol ovulation induction was given to 4 oocyte retrieval cycles, and super-short-protocol ovulation induction was given to two oocyte retrieval cycles; 93 cases were transplanted with fresh embryos and 28 cases with frozen embryos. The clinical pregnancy rate, embryo implantation rate and abortion rate of patients receiving different ovulation induction protocols and fresh or frozen embryo transfer were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the patients receiving standard long, super-long and super-short protocols for ovulation induction, the clinical pregnancy rate was respectively 34.7%, 50%, 20%; the embryo implantation rates were 19.1%, 22.2%, 30%; and abortion rate was 21.7%, 50%, 33.3%; in those patients, no case exhibited natural cycle of ovulation. In the patients receiving fresh embryo transfer, the clinical pregnancy rate was 33.6%, embryo implantation rate was 18.1%, and abortion rate was 20.1%; in frozen embryo transferred patients, the clinical pregnancy rate was 53.8%, embryo implantation rate was 22.3%, and abortion rate was 20.7%. Experimental findings indicate that, standard long-protocol ovulation induction has good effects, the efficacy of fresh embryo transfer is equivalent to that of frozen embryo transfer, in vitro culture and cryopreservation of the embryos are important steps in assisted reproductive technology and deserver further study. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical application of intracranial pressure monitoring: controversies and prospects Zhang Feng, Liu Bo, Zhou Qing-jiu 2014, 18 (18):  2945-2952.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.18.027 Abstract ( 1875 )   PDF (722KB) ( 1368 )   Save BACKGROUND: Intracranial pressure monitoring as a kind of invasive monitoring technology has been applied clinically, but its treatment effect is still controversial. OBJECTIVE: To review the development situation, future trends and clinical application of intracranial pressure monitoring technology. METHODS: First author retrieved related articles published between January 1960 and October 2013 in the databases of PubMed, Medalink, Wanfang through computers. The key words were “intracranial pressure monitoring，increased intracranial pressure, brain injury, intracranial tumors, cerebral hemorrhage, cerebrovascular disease” in English and Chinese, respectively. The total number of the retrieved articles was 160, and 69 articles up to standard were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Intracranial pressure monitoring technology is divided into invasive and noninvasive monitoring. The former is in clinical application for decades and has provided a lot of practice experience and data which makes it be increasingly mature. The latter is not widely used in clinic because of different levels of poor measurement accuracy, usage limitation, tedious methods, many influencing factors and so on. Now, there is not a monitoring method that can be used for clinical purposes with high accuracy, noninvasion, convenience and continuity. But, noninvasive multimodal monitoring is still the trend in the development of intracranial pressure monitoring technology. Clinically, intracranial pressure monitoring technique has been applied in the treatment of craniocerebral trauma, hypertension cerebral hemorrhage, intracranial tumor, cerebrovascular diseases, especially in patients with craniocerebral trauma, which has accumulated plenty of clinical data. But in the majority with retrospective study, there is a lack of prospective, randomized controlled trial studies. Most studies have shown that intracranial pressure monitoring can analyze intracranial pressure changes in a timely manner, and give important reference value in judging intracranial injury and cerebral edema, guiding treatment, and estimating prognosis. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Finite Element Analysis of An Acute Cerebral Embolism Example of Mechanical Embolectomy Using Penumbra System Liu Bo, Xie Peng, Li Zhi-wei 2014, 18 (18):  4921-4927.  Abstract ( 351 )   PDF (1185KB) ( 674 )   Save BACKGROUND: Cerebral embolism is a common disease with high mortality, mechanical thrombectomy using Penumbra system is considered to be a new and effective method. However, there were few cases currently, it is a unclear understanding of effects on regional cerebral blood vessels using this kind of surgery. OBJECTIVE: Numerical simulation describes effects on regional cerebral blood vessels of an acute cerebral embolism patient by mechanical embolectomy using Penumbra system. METHODS: A 77-year-old woman was selected suffering from the left middle cerebral artery embolization. Various raw data was collected in emergency cerebral angiography,then mechanical thrombectomy using Penumbra system was carried out successfully.After these raw data was processed into dimensional numerical models of two kinds of embolectomy methods ( " suction bolt method from near to far " and " suction bolt method from far to near " ), then finite element analysis was carried out. RESULTS: Successfully complete modeling and finite element analysis . The results suggest that:compared with " suction bolt method from near to far ", " suction bolt method from far to near " models had smaller velocity of flow in catheter and smaller wall shear stress of thrombus (P <0.01), and had larger wall shear stress of blood vessel wall, deformation of blood vessel wall (P <0.01) and deformation of thrombus (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Finite element analysis of mechanical embolectomy using Penumbra system can help physicians involved in a clearer understanding of their impact on cerebrovascular of patients. As a research method,It is worth to continue to explore in the future. Related Articles | Metrics