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09 April 2011, Volume 15 Issue 15 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Effect of different-intensity static magnetic field on the reorganization of osteoblast cytoskeleton Wang Sheng-guo, Zhou Li, Chen Yang-xi 2011, 15 (15):  2661-2684.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.15.001 Abstract ( 340 )   PDF (1215KB) ( 612 )   Save BACKGROUND: Mechanisms addressing effects of static magnetic field on osteoblast proliferation, cytokine secretion and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of static magnetic field loading the cytoskeleton reorganization and cytoskeletal protein expression. METHODS: The osteoblasts were harvested from skull of SD rats within 24 hours after born and cultured. Static magnetic fields with 0, 8, 50 and 160 mT were added on osteoblasts. The BODYPY-Phaloidi was used to stain cytoskeleton, and fluorescence intensity was measured by laser scanning confocal microscope and image J at 24, 48 and 72 hours after loading. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 24, 48 and 72 hours after culturing under 8, 50 and 160 mT static magnetic fields, the cytoskeleton fluorescence concentrated to the nucleus and the fluorescence intensity up-regulated (P < 0.05), especially strongest in the 50 mT static magnetic field. The static magnetic field can result in the reorganization of the osteoblast cytoskeleton.   Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide expression between normal and osteoarthritic cartilages Chen Xia-guang, Lei Guang-hua, Qian Rui, Xiao Shi-liang, Cai Xing-jian, Liu Zhen-yu 2011, 15 (15):  2665-2668.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.15.002 Abstract ( 334 )   PDF (1511KB) ( 416 )   Save BACKGROUND: The discovery of neuropeptide provides new hope for the treatment of osteoarthritis, however, the relationship between neuropeptide expression and pathogenesis of osteoarthritis or degeneration of articular cartilage remains poorly understood.  OBJECTIVE: To observe the expression of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in normal and osteoarthritic chondrocytes, and to explore the correlation between VIP and pathogenesis and progression of osteoarthritis.  METHODS: Human cartilages were obtained at arthroplasty from 26 patients with osteoarthritis. Meanwhile, articular cartilages were obtained at arthroplasty or amputation for trauma, tumour or infection from 10 patients with no history of arthritis. Then collect 50 cartilage specimens from osteoarthritis and normal joints, all the specimens were grouped according to Mankin pathological score, and the expression and distribution of VIP was detected by immunohistochemical staining.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: VIP positive nerve fibers existed in both normal and osteoarthritic cartilages. The expression of VIP was greater in normal cartilage than that of the osteoarthritic cartilages (P < 0.05). The VIP expression was negative correlated with Mankin pathological scores (r=-0.896, P < 0.05). The findings demonstrated that, low expression of VIP is concerned with pathogenesis and progression of osteoarthritis, which may be the mechanism for pathogenesis and progression of osteoarthritis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of vascular endothelial growth factor on neovascularization growth into white area of injured meniscus Sun Yan-shan, Lu Bin, Jiang Xin, Zhang Yi-min, Guo Yong-zhi, Wang Jun, Liu Jian-yong, Li Wei, Cao Xue-jun 2011, 15 (15):  2669-2671.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.15.003 Abstract ( 264 )   PDF (970KB) ( 435 )   Save BACKGROUND: The protective mechanism of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is focus on cellular necrosis of skin and ligament reparation, studies regarding meniscus are few. OBJECTIVE: To explore whether VEGF could induce vascular endothelial cell proliferation into white area of injured meniscus, and promote healing of meniscus. METHODS: Totally 24 New Zealand white rabbits were prepared for hind limb injured meniscus posterior horn models and randomly divided into the experimental group and control group. The experimental group received intra-articular injection of VEGF. The gross and histological observations of meniscus were performed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 weeks.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared to control group, there have more proliferated vascular, fibroblast, and has appeared hyaline cartilage cells in Experimental group in the first week after operation. The cartilage layer of experimental is group thicker than that of the control group in 3 weeks after operation; the experimental group has cartilage layer and osteoblast bone matrix in 12 weeks after operation. Vascular endothelial growth factor promotes the occurrence of blood vessels, thereby promoting repair of injured area in early postoperative period; however, the ingrowth of blood vessels promotes endochondral bone and damages repaired cartilage layer at late stage. Related Articles | Metrics

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Interventional effect of calcitonin on insulin like growth factor 1 gene expression in osteoblasts under simulated microgravity Su Jia-lin, Zhang Hua, Yang Li-ting, Yang Rui, Wang Mai-tao, Huang Zhen 2011, 15 (15):  2672-2676.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.15.004 Abstract ( 316 )   PDF (1547KB) ( 514 )   Save BACKGROUND: Space flight, bed-ridden state of low-gravity load will cause bone metabolic disorder which includes bone absorption and bone formation abnormal, leading to bone loss, decreased bone mineral density. Researches have showed that calcitonin can promote osteoblastic activity and mRNA expression of insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of calcitonin on osteoblastic activity and mRNA expression of IGF-1 in vitro under simulated microgravity. METHODS: Osteoblasts were collected from newborn SD mouse by means of double enzyme digestion. The osteoblasts were polymerized and encapsulated the cells inside alginate carriers in Cacl2 solution. All cells were assigned into normal gravity, simulated microgravity and simulated microgravity + calcitonin (10, 40 and 80 IU/L) groups. Osteoblasts were cultured for 72 hours in simulated microgravity and normal gravity in the three-dimensional rotating vessel. The proliferation and apoptosis of the osteoblasts and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were detected, in addition, the expression of IGF-1, ALP and osteocalcin were measured by RT-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the normal gravity group, the osteoblasts proliferation rate and secretion of ALP were decreased, and the expression of IGF-1, ALP, osteocalcin mRNA were reduced in the simulated microgravity group (P < 0.01). Compared with the simulated microgravity group, osteoblasts proliferation rate, IGF-1, ALP, osteocalcin mRNA were increased in the simulated microgravity + calcitonin group, but no dose-dependent manner could be found. The findings demonstrated that calcitonin can improve osteoblast proliferation and secretion functions via up-regulating IGF-1 mRNA expression in simulated microgravity. Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of peritendon tissues and periosteum on early healing of bone-tendon junction Li Ai-guo, Chen Hong-hui, Jiang Bin, Dong Fei, Yang Xiao-hong, Ye Wei-xiong 2011, 15 (15):  2677-2680.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.15.005 Abstract ( 349 )   PDF (1371KB) ( 445 )   Save BACKGROUND: Wound healing of bone-tendon junction is relatively slow due to complex structures. Repair of fibrocartilage transitional zone plays an important role in bone-tendon junction healing.  OBJECTIVE: To explore effects of periosteum on healing of bone-tendon junction via histological methods. METHODS: 18-weeks-old New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 2 groups. The periosteum group was planted into by periosteum while the control group was only operated. Histological staining was performed at the 4, 8 and 12 weeks after operation, the absorbance value of Safranin’O positive staining was compared between two groups.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Histological examination showed the bone healing was obviously in the periosteum group at 4 and 8 weeks after operation, which characterized by trabecular bone expansion from the remaining patellar and regeneration of fibrocartilage zone at the patellar tendon-patellar healing junction. The result means that the tissue healing of the periosteum group was quicker than that of the control group. Periosteum could accelerate cellular proliferation, matrix synthesis, new bone and fibrocartilage transitional zone formation and accelerate bone-tendon junction healing. Simultaneously, histological examination can be a good judgment for detecting bone-tendon junction healing. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical effect of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using six-strand hamstring grafts under a knee arthroscopy Sun Xiao-ping, Liu Yun-huang, Liu Zhu-tong, Zhao Zhe, Xing Geng-yan, Li Zhi-guo 2011, 15 (15):  2680-2684.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.15.006 Abstract ( 585 )   PDF (1556KB) ( 733 )   Save BACKGROUND: At present, there are a lot of controversial exists in the methods of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction by different scholars. Looking for simple and economical repair methods is the research focus. OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical effect of arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with six-strand hamstring tendon autografts. METHODS: Nineteen non-consecutive randomized patients with unilateral ACL insufficiency received six-strand hamstring tendon autografts reconstruction by using double tibia tunnel technique. Patients were evaluated subjectively and objectively before and after ACL reconstruction, using IKDC score, Lysholm score system, manual maximum displacement test with KT-2000TM arthrometer. Radiographic evaluation was performed according to IKDC grading system. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The subjective and objective IKDC were 8 in A (42.1%), 10 in B (52.6%) and only 1 C (5.4%)and radiographic IKDC were 15 in A (78.9%), 3 in B (15.7%), 1 in C (5.4%). Passive range of motion recovery was within 120°-140° (average 126°). The measured data by KT-2000TM in normal and operated knee were 6.1±0.2 and 6.5±0.8, 6.3±0.5 and 7.1±0.9, 7.2±0.6 and 8.3±1.2, at the tensile fore of 20 pound, 30 pound and the largest, respectively. Lysholm score were 51.8±8.6 before operation and 86.5±12.3 at the last followed-up. The double bundle of ACL reconstruction by hamstring tendon autograft shows satisfactory functional results in the early period.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using the Transfix technique Wu Lei, Xu Bin, Xu Hong-gang 2011, 15 (15):  2685-2689.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.15.007 Abstract ( 264 )   PDF (573KB) ( 571 )   Save BACKGROUND: The fixed tendon graft have many ways, each system has its own advantages as well as shortcomings. For fixed by what method the tendon graft, the current is still not a unified international standard. OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively evaluate clinical results of arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with hamstring autograft and the Transfix technique. METHODS: A total of 20 patients that had been treated with arthroscopic single bundle ACL reconstruction by use of hamstring tendon autografts with ACL fixation system composed of femoral fixation via Transfix and tibia fixation via interference screw in Second Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from September 2008 to January 2010. Twenty cases were followed up for 6-16 months (average 10 months) to assess the patient’s range of motion, stability, and other indicators. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: During follow-up, no patients had serious complications, and all patients gained normal knee activity. The mean Lysholm score was (60.20±11.54) preoperatively and (92.95±3.546) postoperatively (P < 0.05). Six months after the operation, on the basis of the final International Knee Documentation Committee grade, 18 knees were normal, 2 were nearly normal. This study concludes that the reconstruction of ACL under arthroscopy with hamstring tendons and the Trans?x technique is an effective method． Related Articles | Metrics

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Arthroscopic reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligaments: Single-tunnel double-bundle versus single-tunnel single-bundle Zhou Yuan-hui, Zhu Wei-min, Tang Xiang-yang, Hou Wei-dong 2011, 15 (15):  2690-2694.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.15.008 Abstract ( 276 )   PDF (687KB) ( 560 )   Save BACKGROUND: Arthroscopic reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) commonly adapted single-tunnel single-bundle or double-tunnel double-bundle methods. Though single-tunnel double-bundle has been used in the clinic, the curative effect remains unclear.   OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical results of ACL reconstruction using the single-tunnel double-bundle and single-tunnel single-bundle.   METHODS: From March 2007 to June 2009, 39 patients with ACL rupture underwent arthroscopic single-tunnel double-bundle reconstruction (21 cases) or single-tunnel single-bundle reconstruction (18 cases). They both used anterior tibialis tendon allograft to reconstruct the ACL. Their clinical result was compared in terms of International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Lysholm scores.   RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The follow-up periods ranged from 12 to 25 months, mean (18.0±3.3) months, for the single-tunnel double-bundle group, and from 13 to 27 months, mean (19.8±3.6) months, for the single-tunnel single-bundle group. The Lysholm of the single-tunnel double-bundle group and single-tunnel single-bundle group were (87.0±2.18) and (87.5±2.33) scores, and the difference had no significant (P > 0.05). Since there are no significant differences between two groups in clinical outcome, the single-tunnel double-bundle ACL reconstruction is a reliable method for ACL reconstruction. Related Articles | Metrics

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Different muscle fiber type atrophy in osteoarthritis patients and its relationship with activities of daily living Wang Jiang-lin, Jiang Wei, Xu Fang-yuan 2011, 15 (15):  2695-2698.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.15.009 Abstract ( 279 )   PDF (675KB) ( 365 )   Save BACKGROUND: Severe muscle fiber atrophy can occur in osteoarthritis patients. However, there are few studies about the classification of muscle fiber atrophy and activities of daily living. OBJECTIVE: To observe the type of muscle fiber atrophy and its relationship with activities of daily living. METHODS: Totally 24 female osteoarthritis patients, aged (52.4±16.0) years, were selected, who underwent a vastus lateralis muscle biopsy at the time of total hip or knee replacement. At the time of referral to the rehabilitation center, the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) motor score and habitual physical activity at home were evaluated, and the diameter and atrophy factor for each muscle fiber type were measured on the histopathology preparations of the biopsied muscles. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The patients showed muscle fiber atrophy and small angular fibers, and the atrophy factor was significantly increased in type 1, 2A, and 2B fibers, in that order (P < 0.05). The patterns of the fiber type atrophy, consisting of normal, type 2B atrophy, and type 1 and 2AB atrophy, had a significant relationship with the fiber type atrophy (P  < 0.001). The FIM motor score showed a significant correlation among the three patterns of the fiber type atrophy (P  < 0.05). Type 1+2AB has a best effect on activities of daily living in osteoarthritis patients, and type 2B has a minimal effect. Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of rabbit intervertebral disc degeneration models using percutaneous annulus fibrosus puncture Wan Zhong-yuan, Li Fang, Li Jin-zhen, Ren Da-jiang 2011, 15 (15):  2699-2702.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.15.010 Abstract ( 262 )   PDF (759KB) ( 447 )   Save BACKGROUND: Although an advisable experimental animal model is necessary for the intervertebral disc tissue engineering, currently, there is not an accepted experimental animal models preparation method. OBJECTIVE: To detect the feasibility of the establishment of the rabbit intervertebral disc degeneration animal model by means of C-arm-assisted percutaneous annulus fibrosus puncture. METHODS: L2/3 and L3/4 disc of New Zealand white rabbit were selected as puncture intervention discs, the L1/2, L5/6 disc were selected as blank control, the intervention group discs were treated by percutaneous annulus fibrosus puncture with the aids of C-arm. Two rabbits were anesthetized at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks respectively after operation for MRI images. Then the animals were killed, the change of lumbar intervertebral discs was observed by MRI, and nucleus proteoglycan contents were measured by dimethylmethyleneblue (DMMB) dye spectrophotometry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Signal intensity and proteoglycan content of the nucleus pulposus of the intervention group showed a progressive downtrend at 4 weeks after intervention (P < 0.05), but, by contrast, signal intensity and proteoglycan content of the nucleus pulposus in the control group were gradually decreased. C-arm-assisted percutaneous annulus fibrosus puncture is a feasible method in intervertebral disc degeneration animal model preparation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Interventional effect of pravastatin on vascular endothelial growth factor expression in rabbits with steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head Hu Min, Fan Jian-nan, Zhao Hong-bin, Qian Chuan-yun, Wei Wei, Liu Yan-kun, Zhang Yang 2011, 15 (15):  2703-2706.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.15.011 Abstract ( 282 )   PDF (780KB) ( 413 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous research has demonstrated that pravastatin can effectively promote endogenous vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA in endothelial cells from human umbilical vein cultured in vitro, but the research of protein VEGF expression in the femoral heads of rabbits with steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head (SANFH) after treatment with pravastatin is rare now. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the endogenous protein VEGF expression in the femoral heads of SANFH rabbit models after treatment with pravastatin. METHODS: Totally 80 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into a normal control group (n=18) and experimental group (n=62). Rabbits in the experimental group were prepared for SANFH models. At 5 weeks after model preparation, 36 rabbits in the model group were assigned into the model and pravastatin groups, with 18 animals in each group. Rabbits in the pravastatin group received intragastric administration with 1.2 mg/kg pravastatin once per day, and the same volume of distilled water was given to those in the model and control groups. Six rabbits in each group were killed at the 8th, 12th and 16th week respectively to evaluation of protein VEGF expression in the femoral heads by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the normal control group, endogenous expression of VEGF mRNA was positive at each time point. In the model group, 8 weeks after modeling, there was negative VEGF mRNA expression; 12 weeks after modeling positive expression; 16 weeks after modeling weakly positive expression. In the pravastatin group, 8 weeks after modeling, VEGF mRNA showed weak positive expression; 12 weeks after modeling positive expression; 16 weeks after modeling positive expression, but lower than 12 weeks after modeling slightly weakened. Pravastatin can effectively promote endogenous VEGF mRNA in early SANFH rabbit models. Related Articles | Metrics

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Stress relaxation of medial collateral ligament in an animal model of osteoarthritis Piao Cheng-dong, Li Xin-ying, Gao Ming, Ma Hong-shun 2011, 15 (15):  2707-2710.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.15.012 Abstract ( 387 )   PDF (721KB) ( 508 )   Save BACKGROUND: Similar to other soft tissues, ligament has viscoelasticity. The stress relaxation and creep viscoelasticity of ligaments are based on human physiologic functions. Studies have demonstrated that osteoarthritis has effect on ligament mechanical property. OBJECTIVE: To compare stress relaxation rheological properties of medial collateral ligament (MCL) between normal and osteoarthritis animal models, to determine the influence of osteoarthritis on MCL ligament stress relaxation characteristics. METHODS: Animal osteoarthritis models were prepared by closed joint Nick method. Each 10 MCL samples were taken from normal and osteoarthritis rats for stress relaxation experiments. The strain increase rate was 5%/s, and test duration was 7 200 s, a total of 100 data were collected. The stress relaxation data, and change laws of curves, stress and time were observed. All data were analyzed by one linear regression. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The stress relaxation of the normal and model groups changed fast at the initial 600 s, followed by a slow decrease. The stress relaxation of the normal group at 7 200 s was 4.69 MPa, and the model group was 0.29 MPa. The 7 200 s stress relaxation quantity of the model group was obviously smaller than that of the normal group (P < 0.05). The stress relaxation curves were changed in a log relationship. The knee osteoarthritis can decrease MCL stress relaxation, which influences LCL stress relaxation characteristics. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of isoproterenol on hyperpolarization activated cation current in elderly canine cardiomyocytes from pulmonary vein sleeves with atrial fibrillation Lan Yun-feng, Wen Yi, Liu Yu-qi, Wang Hong-juan, Fang Zhou, Gao Jin-liao, Li Yang 2011, 15 (15):  2711-2715.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.15.013 Abstract ( 328 )   PDF (1899KB) ( 466 )   Save BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation is a common arrhythmia disease in the elderly, researches had shown that hyperpolarization activated cation current in pulmonary vein sleeve cardiomyocytes can increase the risk of arrhythmia such as atrial fibrillation. OBJECTIVE: To study effect of isoproterenol on hyperpolarization activated cation current in pulmonary vein sleeve cardiomyocytes of elderly canine with atrial fibrillation. METHODS: Fourteen healthy elderly canines, aged 7-9 years, were chosen, 7 canines were subjected to long-term rapidly atrial pacing (10 weeks) to induce atrial fibrillation models, and the others served as control. Dissociation of pulmonary vein sleeve yielded single cardiomyocytes by using a Landengorff column without or with pacemaker activity from long-term rapid atrial pacing canines. Pace maker current was measured with the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. RESULT AND CONCLUSION: Isoproterenol increased the pace maker current in a concentration-dependent manner (0.1-  10.0 μmol/L). The median curative dose was 1.7 μmol/L (95% CI, 1.2-2.6 μmol/L). The isoproterenol (1.0 μmol/L) signIficantly increased pace maker current, and the current densities was increased at -120 mV test potential (P < 0.01). Isoproterenol   (10 μmol/L) caused an acceleration of current activation with V1/2 shIft to more positive potentials from mV, which approaching to rest membrane potential. Meanwhile, the slope of activated curve was changed (P < 0.01). Our study revealed that isoproterenol signIficantly promote in pulmonary vein sleeve cardiomyocytes via increasing pace maker current. Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of a new rat model of portal vein arterialization Wu Jun-zheng, Jiang Yi, Zhang Xiao-jin, Lü Li-zhi 2011, 15 (15):  2716-2720.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.15.014 Abstract ( 249 )   PDF (1526KB) ( 493 )   Save BACKGROUND: At present literature reported that portal vein arterializations model of rats with suture method or stent method in the blood patency and operating simplicity are not perfect. OBJECTIVE: To establish a stable and simple model of portal vein arterialization in rats.  METHODS: A total of 40 cases of portal vein arterializations model in rats were established by the allogeneic vascular embolia suture method and cuff method. Left kidney was removed. Left renal artery was connected with portal vein stump by allogeneic vascular; the left renal vein was connected with superior mesenteric vein by cuff method. Another 10 rats served as sham operation group. The body weight and survival rate were observed after surgery. The rats were executed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after 2 weeks. Hepatic function of rats was detected at 1 month after surgery. Two months after surgery, all rats were killed to probe portal vein patency, and hepatic pathological changes were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: One rat dead during modeling, the remaining 39 rats survived after two months. The successful rate of operation was 97.5% (39/40). At one month after surgery, there was no significant difference in body weight, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and cholinesterase between model group and sham operation group (P > 0.05). Two months after surgery, the patency rate of portal vein was 94.9% (37/39) in model group. Both MRI and pathological results showed no obvious abnormalities. Based on the allogeneic vascular embolia suture method and cuff method, the rat model of portal vein arterialization have properties in simple operation, time-saving and high successful rate, which is a viable, stable, reliable and reproducible method. Related Articles | Metrics

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Ischemic area changes following moderate training in rat models of ischemic heart Li Dan, Zhao Bao-yin, Li Lei, Zhong Jia-yong, Zhang Zhi-peng, Chen Yi-lin, Shen Xiao-tao, Li Yan-mei, Yu Yan-hong, Cai Dong-qing 2011, 15 (15):  2721-2724.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.15.015 Abstract ( 399 )   PDF (928KB) ( 336 )   Save BACKGROUND: It is still controversy regarding to whether moderate training, treated in acute period of myocardial infarction (MI), plays a benefit role in regeneration of myocardial infarction. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of moderate training on infarct areas after myocardial infarction. METHODS: Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four experimental groups (male and female trained group and female and male control group), In 24 hours after left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) ligation, the trained groups were introduced to treadmill training (20 m/min, 0% grade, 30 min/d) for 12 days, while the control groups were fed normally after LAD-ligation. The infarcted size and the geometry of left ventricle (LV) of the trained and control groups were analyzed respectively under the Masson’s Trichrome staining in two-week of MI. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: It was found that the mortality of trained group was similar to the control group (trained group: 22% vs. control group: 20%). The infarction size of trained group was less than that of control group in two weeks after MI. The difference had statistics significance (P < 0.05). In addition, it was found that the wall thickness of border zone in left ventricle of trained group was longer than control (P < 0.05); while the thickness of infarcted myocardium in LV was greater than that of the control group. All results demonstrated that the moderate-intensity treadmill training treated in acute period of MI did not significantly reduce the survival rate of rats. On the contrary, it was able to reduce the infarcted size of MI. In addition, the moderate treadmill training was able to improve the reconstruction of LV geometry after MI. The effect has no difference on different genders. Related Articles | Metrics

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Delayed magnetic resonance imaging for survived myocardium in pigs with myocardial infarction Wang Yu, Feng Yi, Jin Ji-yang 2011, 15 (15):  2725-2729.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.15.016 Abstract ( 481 )   PDF (1080KB) ( 552 )   Save BACKGROUND: Delayed cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered to be a promising noninvasive imaging to determine myocardial viability status. The commonly used contrast agent Gd-DTPA evaluation of survival myocardium is rather too high or too low, and irreversibility of myocardial infarction, but necrosis affinity contrast ECIII-600 can accurately reflect the area of necrotic myocardium.  OBJECTIVE: To compare the diagnosis value of intracoronary injection of contrast medium affinity necrosis in evaluating myocardial viability in pigs with acute myocardial infarction. METHODS: Twelve pigs were prepared for acute myocardial infarction models and were intracoronary injected 0.1 mmol/kg Gd-DTPA or 0.005 mmol/kg ECIII-600. Chest leads of ECG R wave trigger control, T1-weighted sequence with FAST, and delayed enhancement short axis surface scan imaging were performed. After scanning, the heart was cut along the short axis plane line into 6 mm sections and examined by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and light microscope. Relationship between infarct areas at the corresponding layer of MRI delayed enhancement and TTC staining was compared. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with TTC staining of myocardial infarction, the injection of Gd-DTPA enhanced delayed imaging 21% overestimated the infarcted area at 10 minutes, which was correspondence with the TTC staining at 30 minutes, followed by underestimation of the size of myocardial necrosis; Injection ECIII-600 MRI in the delayed necrosis showed strong and sustained contrast enhancement, strengthening area of myocardial infarction with TTC staining showed the same area. ECIII-600-enhanced MRI can accurately reflect the delay in acute myocardial infarct size. Gd-DTPA evaluation of myocardial infarct size is instable, and the observation time window is short. The cardiac MRI contrast agent should be completed within 1 hour after injection. Related Articles | Metrics

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All-trans retinoic acid induces chromatin remodeling at the promoter of mouse alkaline phosphatase Chen Di, Sun Fen-yong 2011, 15 (15):  2730-2734.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.15.017 Abstract ( 298 )   PDF (1314KB) ( 340 )   Save BACKGROUND: Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an important biomarker of proliferation and differentiation in osteoblasts. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) up-regulates ALP expression in C3H10T1/2 cells mediated by retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and is irrelevant to the MAPK pathway. OBJECTIVE: To reveal the mechanism of ATRA induced ALP up-regulation from chromosome structure. METHODS: C3H10T1/2 were treated with ATRA (10-6 mol/L) for 0, 1, 6 and 12 hours, and then DNaseⅠhypersensitivity analysis was performed to identify the location of the regulatory regions of ATRA. ChIP assays were performed to analyzed transcription factors bound to regulatory regions of ATRA. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: DNaseⅠhypersensitivity analysis identified the location of regulatory regions of ATRA which exists in the 520 bp region of ALP promoter. ChIP assays proved that ALP up-regulated by ATRA is accompanied by a series of transcription factors binding to ALP promoter. ALP up-regulated by ATRA is accompanied by chromatin remodeling and Histone modification. Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction and identification of a lentiviral vector for RNA interference of rat chondroitin sulfate peoteoglycan gene Wang Ping, Liu Cheng, Fang Yan, Yang Kai, Tian Xue-bi, Tian Yu-ke 2011, 15 (15):  2735-2738.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.15.018 Abstract ( 200 )   PDF (662KB) ( 404 )   Save BACKGROUND: Recent studies suggest that the chondroitin sulfate peoteoglycan (NG2) is involved in physiological and pathological function in the central nervous system. Lentiviral vector can infect cells in both dividing phase and non-dividing phase, and can be stable expressed in cells with high efficiency. OBJECTIVE: To construct a lentiviral vector for RNA interference (RNAi) of rat NG2 gene and to detect its effect of gene silence in C6 cells. METHODS: Towards rat NG2 gene sequences, a pair of complementary small hairpin RNA (shRNA) oligonucleotides were designed, synthesized, annealed and inserted into pFU-GW-RNAi vector digested by Hpa Ⅰ and Xho Ⅰ. The recombinant plasmid was identified by PCR and DNA sequencing. The recombinant plasmid, pHelper 1.0 and pHelper 2.0 were co-transfected into 293T cells to obtain lentivirus particles. Viral titer was then determined. The lentivirus particles were transmitted into C6 cells. Then, western blot was performed to determine the expression level of the NG2 protein. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The PCR identification and DNA sequencing showed that the fragment and nucleotides were in accordance with the target sequence and the shRNA sequence was successfully inserted into the pFU-GW-RNAi vector. The titer of concentrated virus was 8×1011 TU/L. Compared with the C6 cells infected with LV-Con-RNAi or uninfected, the cells infected with LV-NG2-RNAi at MOI of 50 showed significant suppression in the expression of NG2, it could achieve 100% interference efficiency (P < 0. 05). The results demonstrate a lentiviral shRNA expression vector targeting the NG2 gene is successfully constructed and it can knockdown the expression of NG2 in C6 cells. Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of transfection efficiency of mIMCD-3 cells mediated by liposome Gao Cen, Shi Shu-long, Zhang Xu, Ma Yue-rong 2011, 15 (15):  2739-2742.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.15.019 Abstract ( 282 )   PDF (532KB) ( 374 )   Save BACKGROUND: Recently, cationic liposome becomes the commonly used vehicles for gene transfer. However, few study reports transfection of mIMCD-3 cell lines mediated by liposome. OBJECTIVE: To approach the feasibility of transfection of mIMCD-3 mediated by liposome and to obtain the optimized transfection condition for mIMCD-3. METHODS: Using green fluorescent protein as reporter gene, the plasmid pIRES2-EGFP was transfected into mIMCD-3 cells with LipofectamineTM 2000. To set different groups according to cell density, DNA amount, ratio of DNA and liposome, plasmid extraction methods and serum, and to observe the influences on transfection efficiency by these different factors. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The highest transfection efficiency was achieved with the following optimized conditions:  2×105/ L cells, 1 g DNA, 1:3 ratio of DNA and liposome. Extracting plasmid by E.Z.N.A. Endo-Free Plasmid Mini Kit produced by American OMEGA company obtained higher transfection efficiency. Compared with serum medium, cells culutred with serum-free medium obtained higher transfection efficiency before transfection (P < 0.01), but it had no effect at 6 hours after transfection. Transfection of mIMCD-3 mediated by liposome is feasible, and the optimized transfection condition for mIMCD-3 is obtained. These results may be used as the reference for other studies． Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of intermittent high glucose on growth and cycle progression of islet beta cells Li Jing, Chen Hong, Chen Rong-ping, Zhang Zhen, Lei Lei, Cai De-hong 2011, 15 (15):  2743-2746.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.15.020 Abstract ( 291 )   PDF (709KB) ( 615 )   Save BACKGROUND: Intermittent high glucose can block the growth of islet β cells and increase the apoptosis rate of β-cell, but the specific mechanism is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of intermittent high glucose on proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle progression of rat insulin-secreting (INS-1) cells. METHODS: INS-1 cells were cultured and randomly divided into the control, intermittent and constant high glucose groups, which was treated by 5.5, 30, 30 and 5.5 mmol/L glucose intermittently. Cell viability was evaluated by cell counting kit and the cell cycle was determined by flow cytometry. Annexin-V/PI double-labeled cell apoptosis detection kit was used to monitor cell apoptosis. Cell cycle related protein Cyclin D1 expression was detected by Western blot. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Both intermittent and constant high glucose significantly inhibited the growth of INS-1 cells, compared with the normal glucose (P  < 0.01), increased apoptosis in INS-1 cells (P < 0.01), inhibited the cell process, arrested G0/G1 cell cycle (P  < 0.01), as well as decreased the level of cell cycle related protein Cyclin D1 (P < 0.01). Compared with the constant high glucose group, all the effects of intermittent high glucose were more notably (P < 0.01). Intermittent high glucose affect INS-1 cell growth and proliferation, it also induce cell apoptosis, probably by decreasing the level of Cyclin D1 in the cells, which result in arresting in progression through the G1 phase to the S phase, and thus impair cell proliferation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Inhibitory effect of estrogen replacement therapy on naphthalene-induced oxidative damage of the lens in ovariectomized female rats  Kang Gang-jin, Li Ping-hua 2011, 15 (15):  2747-2750.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.15.021 Abstract ( 258 )   PDF (1433KB) ( 356 )   Save BACKGROUND: The primary research indicated that anti-oxidation may be one of mechanisms of protective effects of estrogen to lens, but the pathway is indefinite, and the effect of clinical methods of estrogen replacement therapy for oxidative damage on lens was reported seldom before. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of estradiol and estradiol combined with progesterone on lens in opacity, oxidative defense system status, as well as its lipid peroxidative product and soluble protein levels of naphthalene-induced cataract in ovariectomized female rats, also discuss the effects and mechanisms of two clinical methods of estrogen replacement therapy for oxidative damage on lens． METHODS: Thirty-two adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups randomly: control, model, estradiol, and estradiol combined with progesterone. All rats were prepared for ovariectomized models except that of the control group. After 2 weeks of operation, all rats in each group were received naphthalene for 6 weeks through a stomach tube. The changes of lenses were observed with slit-lamp microscope. After 6 weeks of naphthalene administration, all rats were killed and serum estradiol and progesterone levels were determined with radioimmunoassay in each rat. The rats lenses were taken out and the levels of lens oxidative defense system and soluble protein were examined with biochemical technique. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared to the control group, opacity of lens were slight and late in estradiol and estradiol combined with progesterone groups, the level of SOD, GSH, vitamin C and soluble protein were increased (P < 0.05), while the levels of MDA was decreased (P < 0.05). In addition, the level of serum estradiol and progesterone increased significantly (P < 0.01). But there was no significant difference among estradiol, estradiol combined progesterone in all testing items. Both estradiol and estradiol combined with progesterone have inhibitory effect on naphthalene-induced oxidative damage of the lens in ovariectomized female rats, this effect may be performed through promoting antioxidative defense system activity, also reducing lipid peroxidative products, maintaining the level of soluble protein of lens. This inhibitory effect is one of the mechanisms of estrogen protective effects of estrogen replacement therapy on the lens. Related Articles | Metrics

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Role of p38MAPK signaling pathways in the apoptosis of C2C12 myoblast cells subjected to cyclical stretch Tian Zhen, Yang Zhu-li, Jia Wen-min, Yuan Xiao, Qiu Jing, Da Yu, Du Yan-xiao, Yu Jiang-bo, Zhang Yue, Liu Wen 2011, 15 (15):  2751-2754.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.15.022 Abstract ( 494 )   PDF (486KB) ( 439 )   Save BACKGROUND: Because of complicated physiological environment and difficulty to control experimental conditions, it is difficult to get satisfactory results from in vivo studies of cell mechanics. OBJECTIVE: To study the action and mechanism of p38MAPK signaling pathways on myoblast apoptosis based on successful construction of in vitro mechanical stimulation models. METHODS: The C2C12 cells cultured in vitro were divided into control group and SB203580 treatment group. Cyclic tensile stress was applied on the C2C12 myoblast cells for 0, 6, 12 and 24 hours in each group. The Flexcell Strain Unit-5000T was used to expose C2C12 myoblast cell to an equiaxial cyclic of 15% magnitude and a frequency of 10 cycles/min, each cycle including the 3 s stretch and 3 s relaxation. Hoechst 33258 fluorescent staining and optical microscope were used to detect cell apoptosis. RT-PCR, flow cytometric analysis were used to observe the apoptosis of C2C12 myoblast cells and Western blotting were used to detect the activity of p38MAPK and p-p38MAPK. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The optical microscope tested the change in the morphology. Hoechst 33258 staining showed that after treatment with cyclic stress, the cell took the typical appearance of apoptosis with chromatin condensation and apoptotic bodies. RT-PCR and flow cytometry showed that with the extension of time the rate of the apoptosis of C2C12 myoblast cell increased. And cells imposed SB203580 before imposing cyclical tensile stress, the results showed that the apoptosis was markedly affected, and the p-p38MAPK expression declined apparently. These findings demonstrate that p38MAPK signaling pathways in stress mediated into C2C12 myoblast cell apoptosis plays an important role. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of intermittent high glucose on proliferation and apoptosis of endothelial progenitor cells from human peripheral blood as well as the production of malondialdehyde and antioxidant Xu Han-song, Kong De-ming, Xiang Hui, Xie Xiao-yun, Lin An-hua 2011, 15 (15):  2755-2759.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.15.023 Abstract ( 275 )   PDF (503KB) ( 343 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies have demonstrated that intermittent high glucose can have a more severe impact on vascular endothelial function in comparison with persistent hyperglycemia. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of intermittent high glucose on the proliferation and apoptosis of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from human peripheral blood in vitro as well as the production of malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant. METHODS: Total mononuclear cells were isolated from human peripheral blood by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation and then the cells were placed on fibronectin-coated culture dishes. After 7 days of culture, the adherent cells were identified as EPCs by laser scanning confocal microscope. The cells were synchronized and then stimulated with glucose 5.5 mmol/L (normal control group), 20 mmol/L (constant high glucose group), and 5.5/20 mmol/L (intermittent high glucose group, 5.5 and 20 mmol/L glucose culture solution was changed every 8 hours) for 72 hours. EPCs proliferation and apoptosis was measured by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The content of MDA and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in culture solution were detected with colorimetry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After EPCs were exposed to constant high glucose (20 mmol/L) and intermittent high glucose (5.5/20 mmol/L) for 72 hours, proliferated cells were significantly reduced and the apoptosis rate was significantly increased compared with those exposed to normal glucose (P < 0.01). Furthermore, there was a significant increase in MDA contents as well as a significant reduce in SOD activities in the constant high glucose and intermittent high glucose group (P < 0.01), especially in the latter group. These findings indicated that both intermittent high glucose and constant glucose could inhibit the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of EPCs; however, intermittent high glucose appears to worsen the effects on EPCs. This is maybe due to the increased oxidative stress. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of low frequency electric stimulus on skeletal muscle atrophy and endogenous insulin-like growth factor-1 expression after sciatic nerve transaction  Zhang Wei, Su Li-qiang, Zhao Guang-gao 2011, 15 (15):  2760-2763.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.15.024 Abstract ( 282 )   PDF (1263KB) ( 869 )   Save BACKGROUND: Low frequency electric stimulus can release skeletal muscle atrophy, but the effect on muscle fiber type remains unclear. In addition, the relationship between electric stimulus and endogenous insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) expression still not unified. OBJECTIVE: To investigate effect of low frequency electronic stimulus on different type skeletal muscle atrophy and endogenous insulin-like growth factor-1 after sciatic nerve transaction. METHODS: SD male rats were divided into 3 groups. Rats in the model and denervation groups were prepared for left sciatic denervation models, and stimulated by 2 Hz electrical stimulus, twice a day, 20 minutes per time. Rats in the normal control and model groups were regularly raised. After 30 days, the animals were killed and the gastrocnemius was removed for detection of diameter and number of muscle fiber; expression of IGF-1 was measured by immunohistochemistry.    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The diameter of type Ⅰ and Ⅱ fibers were decreased, and the type Ⅰ fiber proportion increased after denervation. Compared with the model group, the diameter of typeⅠand Ⅱ fibers were increased, especially more obviously in type Ⅰ fiber in the electronic stimulus group (P < 0.05). Simultaneously, the IGF-1 expression of the electronic stimulus group was higher than that of the model group (P < 0.05). The result demonstrated that 2 Hz electrical stimulus can up-regulate IGF-1 expression and alleviate the muscle atrophy of type Ⅰ fibers. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of pleiotrophin and platelet derived growth factors in rat discs with increasing age Zhang Sheng-fei, Feng Xin-min, Tao Yu-ping, Wang Hua-feng, Wen Dan 2011, 15 (15):  2764-2768.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.15.025 Abstract ( 381 )   PDF (1261KB) ( 417 )   Save BACKGROUND: Pleiotrophin (PTN) directly participates in angiogenesis and plays an important role in humen degeneration of intervertebral disc under hypoxia condition.  OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of PTN and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) in rat discs at different months, so as to probe into the association of PTN and PDGF with degeneration of intervertebral disc. METHODS: Fifty Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups according to their different months: 1-, 3-, 6-, 12 and 18-month groups. The expression of PTN and PDGF in intervertebral disc was observed by SABC immunohistochemistry. The correlation between PTN and PDGF expression was analyzed by Spearman.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The expression of PTN and PDGF in intervertebral disc decreased as rat age (1-12 months) increasing, but it increased when it came to 18-month. In the same group, the expression of PTN and PDGF was higher in cartilage end plate than in annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus (P < 0.05). A high correlation was presented in the expression of PTN and PDGF (P  < 0.01). The intervertebral disc of rat degenerates along with their ages of months. PTN and PDGF participate in intervertebral disc degeneration. Related Articles | Metrics

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Brain derived neurotrophic factor promotes tube formation of cardiac microvascular endothelial cells Liu Shao-kun, Cao Liang, Zhang Liang, Shen Xiao-tao, Zhao Bao-yin, Qi Xu-feng, Qin Jun-wen, Cai Dong-qing 2011, 15 (15):  2769-2772.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.15.026 Abstract ( 333 )   PDF (1098KB) ( 375 )   Save BACKGROUND: It has been discovered that brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) can promote endothelial cell survival and induce angiogenesis. However, the cellular and molecular mechanism regarding to BDNF-induced angiogenesis is still unknown. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of BDNF on tube formation of cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) in three-dimensional (3D) in vitro tube formation assay. METHODS: Rat CMECs were isolated and cultured until they formed a single spheroid. These spheroids were embedded in the mixture of collagen typeⅠ-carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). Then, 50 µg/L, 70 µg/L, 100 µg/L BDNF was added into the wells respectively. The number of branch and the cumulative length of all capillary-like structure were analyzed in 24 and 48 hours after BDNF treated respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The capillary-like structure for each CMECs spheroid was visible in 3D collagen typeⅠ-CMC containing after 24 hours culture. It was found that BDNF could promote tube formation of CMECs. The cumulative length and the branch of capillary-like structure of 100 µg/L BDNF group was significantly longer than that other groups respectively. The cumulative length of CMECs spheroids was significantly longer after 48 hours compared with at 24 hours. The results of this study suggested that BDNF could promote tube formation of CMECs in 3D in vitro tube formation assay. The promoting effect of BDNF is dosage dependence. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 and inducible nitric-oxide synthase in Vδ1T cells from ischemic diabtetic foot ulcer skins Xie Cui-song, Xue Yao-ming 2011, 15 (15):  2773-2776.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.15.027 Abstract ( 251 )   PDF (1013KB) ( 421 )   Save BACKGROUND: Skin Vδ1T cells can secrete a series of cell factors that can promote wound healing, but the association between cell factors and nonunion in ischemic diabetic foot ulcer skin are rare reported. OBJECTIVE: To explore the association of expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) in Vδ1T cells in ischemic diabetic foot ulcer skin. METHODS: Ten patients with ischemic diabetic foot ulcer and 10 healthy people were selected. The protein expression of IGF-1 and iNOS was detected by Double-2 labeling immunofluorescence. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The protein expression of IGF-1 in Vδ1T cells was decreased in diabetic foot group than that of control group (P < 0.01), but iNOS was increased than that of control group (P < 0.01), which indicated that the decrease of IGF-1 and the increase of iNOS in Vδ1 T cells correlated with ischemic diabetic foot ulcer healing. Related Articles | Metrics

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Anti-free radical effects of flavone, invigorating qi and promoting blood circulations, synergized with zinc Dong Shun-fu, Xu Chong, Han Lin 2011, 15 (15):  2777-2780.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.15.028 Abstract ( 306 )   PDF (1087KB) ( 514 )   Save BACKGROUND: Contents of total flavonoids are closely related to species. It is an effective method to research pharmacodynamic mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine by combining Chinese medicine flavone with minor element for anti-free radical. OBJECTIVE: To study the content and antioxidation of flavone in 16 kinds of Chinese medicine, and to explore the effects of flavone synergized with zinc on anti-free radical.  METHODS: The contents of total flavones in 16 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine were extracted using alcohol extraction and measured by UV. The oxidation resistance effect of total flavone synergized with zinc on anti-free radical was determined. RESULTS AND CONCLLUSION: There were certain variation of total flavones contents in different kinds of invigorating qi and promoting blood circulation traditional Chinese medicine, the contents as follows: salvia miltiorrhiza > giant knotweed > red peony root > trumpetweed > sufficient jade > white peony root > ginkgo leaf > ligusticum chuanxiong hort > achyranthes root > Chinese angelica > motherwort > rhodobryum roseum > codonopsis pilosula > milkvetch root > ginseng > curcuma longa L., but all the Chinese medicine could suppress superoxide anion radical. Most of traditional Chinese medicine increased the effect of oxidation resistance after zinc synergism, especially ginseng flavones, which increased 7-fold. The results demonstrated that the drug action of invigorating qi and promoting blood circulation traditional Chinese medicine may relates to zinc synergism. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of herbal ultrasound-phoresis on bone morphogenetic protein 7 expression during radialis fracture healing Qiu Yu, Gao Shi-chang, Ni Wei-dong, Pu Chao 2011, 15 (15):  2781-2785.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.15.029 Abstract ( 265 )   PDF (889KB) ( 743 )   Save BACKGROUND: Some scholars combined low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) with herbal (herbal ultrasound-phoresis) and this therapy had a good curative effect while being used for treating fractures in animal experiment and clinical treatment. However, there is fewer report about the mechanism that herbal ultrasound-phoresis promotes fracture healing. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect on bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) expression during fracture healing treated by herbal ultrasound-phoresis in rabbits. METHODS: Animal models of radius fracture in rabbits were established. Totally 84 rabbits of New Zealand were divided into 3 groups after successful model preparation. The experimental group were treated by herbal ultrasound-phoresis, the ultrasound group were treated by LIPUS, the control group were given sham exposure. The rabbits were sacrificed at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 days and 4, 6 weeks respectively after operation. The changes of BMP-7 mRNA expression and mean absorbance value were detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemical examinations; the fracture healing was assessed through X-ray at 4 and 6 weeks after operation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: X-ray showed that the fracture in the experimental group was healed faster than the ultrasound group and the control group. The expressions of BMP-7 mRNA and mean absorbance value in the experimental group were higher than that in ultrasound group and the control group (P < 0.05), which was particularly obvious at 9 ,12 days (P < 0.01). Herbal ultrasound-phoresis might accelerate fracture healing by increasing the expression of BMP-7. Related Articles | Metrics

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Xianlinggubao for treatment of osteoporotic rats: Serological and bone histomorphometric evaluation Xing Lei, Jiao Ying-hua, Geng Li-hua, Sun Yao 2011, 15 (15):  2786-2789.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.15.030 Abstract ( 316 )   PDF (626KB) ( 543 )   Save BACKGROUND: The treatment for osteoporosis mainly targeted on inhibition of bone-resorption at present, Xianlinggubao (XLGB) was reported to be effective for promoting bone formation, but the detail mechanism remains unclearly. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of XLGB on bone mass, biomechanical properties and bone metabolism of osteoporotic rats induced by ovariectomy. METHODS: Twenty-four rats were randomized into 3 groups: normal control group, bilateral ovariectomized group (model), and XLGB treatment group. Rats received bilateral ovariectomized operation except those in the control group. Six weeks later, rats in XLGB group were administered with XLGB, and in the model group administered with distilled water. Content of procollagen typeⅠN-terminal propeptide (PINP) in blood serum and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase/creatinine (DPYD/Cr), N-telopeptide of typeⅠcollagen/creatinine (NTX/Cr) in urine were detected at 4 weeks after operation, the left femurs were collected for bone mineral density test, and left tibias were prepared for the measurement of bone histomorphometry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the model group, the levels of PINP, DPYD/Cr, NTX/Cr, number of osteoclasts and absorption percentage (P < 0.05), but the proximal bone mineral density and bone trabecula volume was dramatically increased (P < 0.05). The results demonstrated that XLGB could partly prevent bone loss in ovariectomized rats by inhibiting bone resorption and promoting bone formation, thereby reduce the bone turnover level. Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of focal adhesion kinase signaling pathway on formation of traumatic deep vein thrombosis Mo Jian-wen, Hu Hai-lan, Bai Bo, Li Ying, Zhang Shu-jiang, Chen Yi, Deng Jin-jing 2011, 15 (15):  2790-2793.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.15.031 Abstract ( 303 )   PDF (603KB) ( 485 )   Save BACKGROUND: The molecular mechanism of traumatic deep vein thrombosis is complex. The influence of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling pathway on the development of deep vein thrombosis remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of FAK signaling pathway in traumatic deep vein thrombosis. METHODS: Twenty SD rats were prepared for femoral fracture models and divided into 2 groups according to thrombosis states, namely, the thrombosis and no thrombosis groups, with 10 animals in each group. Additional 10 rats served as controls. The femoral vein was incised and total RNA was extracted. The femoral vein RNA expression was detected by Genechip Rat genome 430 2.0 genechips, and the changes of FAK signaling pathway gene was analyzed.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with no thrombosis group, the key genes of thrombosis group related to FAK signaling pathway of extracellular matrix, protein kinase C, Fyn, actinin and Vav were up-regulated, and integrinα, myosin light chain phosphatase and c-Jun were down-regulated. FAK signaling pathway may be one of the most important pathways to control the biological states of thrombus. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and C-Fos protein in fetal stomach tissues Liu Xue-hong 2011, 15 (15):  2794-2797.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.15.032 Abstract ( 229 )   PDF (715KB) ( 466 )   Save BACKGROUND: High expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) can promote cell DNA synthesis and reflect condition of cell proliferation. C-Fos combined with DNA can directly regulate transcription factors, which promote cell growth, differentiation and proliferation during development of embryonic cells. OBJECTIVE: To explore the expression of PCNA and C-Fos proteins in the stomach tissues of human fetus. METHODS: The PCNA and C-Fos positive cells in the stomach tissues of human fetus were tested in the second, third and fourth month of fetal periods by the immunohistochemical methods. And the integral absorbance (IA) was analyzed with Nikon imaging system (NIS-DR). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The positive expressions of PCNA and C-Fos protein were detected in the all of layers of human fetal stomach in the second, third and fourth month of fetal periods. With the fetal age increasing, the expression of IA of PCNA positive cells showed an up- then down-trend, but positive expression of C-Fos protein gradually increased (P < 0.01). PCNA and C-fos proteins play an important role in regulating the growth and development of human fetal stomach tissues. Related Articles | Metrics

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Fibroblast growth factors and organogenesis Ou Ming-ming, Huang Xiao-feng, Han Pei-yan 2011, 15 (15):  2800-2804.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.15.034 Abstract ( 350 )   PDF (671KB) ( 1040 )   Save BACKGROUND: Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) has many effects on differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis and other functions during development of different organs. OBJECTIVE: To review the functions of FGF during development of different organs, and to provide theoretical basis for further study. METHODS: Articles were retrieved from PubMed and CNKI database with the key words of “FGF, tooth development, kid and ney development, lung development, salivary gland development” both in English and Chinese from the year of 1995 to 2010 2001 to 2010 respectively. Studies concerning the structure, function of FGF and relative organogenesis were included. Literatures about the same circle published in the near future or on the authoritative journals were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 850 documents were collected, and 37 English articles and 2 Chinese papers were summarized. The initial development of tooth, lung, kidney, feather, hair follicle, cardiovascular and salivary gland arises from the interaction between the epithelial and mesenchymal cells. FGF plays important roles on enhancement of interaction, induction of cell proliferation and differentiation, inhibition of cell death, etc, during organogenesis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Role of SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway in pathogenesis of osteoarthritis Li Xiao-lin, Li Yan-lin, Ma Ke, Cao Bin, Wang Guo-liang, Yang Guang, Xu Peng 2011, 15 (15):  2805-2808.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.15.035 Abstract ( 321 )   PDF (573KB) ( 771 )   Save BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) is very complex, the prevention and treatment of OA is a medical challenge, and the signaling pathway related to OA is becoming the hot spot of current researches. The targeted therapy may be the key to treat OA. OBJECTIVE: To discuss the role of SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway in many diseases and the pathogenesis of OA, and to provide the basis of targeted therapy on OA. METHODS: CBM and PubMed were retrieved by computer using key words of “SDF-1; CXCR4 signaling pathway; Osteoarthritis” both in Chinese and English, with the method of subject index combined with limited index. The papers which included the two themes were accepted, and those which had old and duplicate contents were excluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Of 2 147 retrieved articles, only 32 papers were involved in result analysis. SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway, with its important role in many diseases, is becoming the research focus of current medical associates. SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway possibly has important effect on OA. The targeted therapy on OA may be the key of the treatment of OA. Related Articles | Metrics

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Heat shock protein in skeletal muscle cells Zhang Xiao-feng, Wang Qing-tao, Li Feng-qing 2011, 15 (15):  2809-2812.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.15.036 Abstract ( 314 )   PDF (546KB) ( 499 )   Save BACKGROUND: There are many kinds of heat shock proteins in skeletal muscle, and they have important physiologic functions. OBJECTIVE: To review the features of heat shock proteins, and to discuss the significance of heat shock proteins under both physiological and physiologic conditions. METHODS: Databases of PubMed and CNKI were searched by computer using key words of “heat shock proteins, skeletal muscles, exercise, ischemia-reperfusion” both in English and Chinese. Literatures addressing heat shock proteins in skeletal muscles cells were included, and the repetitive researches were excluded.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 197 documents were retrieved, and 35 articles were retained after depleting unrelated and repetitive ones. To date, skeletal muscles contain a variety of heat shock proteins, mainly comprise small heat shock protein, heat shock protein 70, heat shock protein 60 and heat shock protein 90. Heat shock proteins play an important role in reflecting intra-cellular changes during sports and monitoring over training. In addition, heat shock proteins are important in maintaining muscle function after over training or muscle injury. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research and application of isometric muscle force testing Jiang Qi-yong, Xu Xiu-lin 2011, 15 (15):  2813-2816.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.15.037 Abstract ( 385 )   PDF (610KB) ( 1399 )   Save BACKGROUND: Isometric muscle force testing is a very practical method to measure the contractive strength of muscle or muscle group of subjects’ active movements. It is done by isometric contraction with the joints maintaining in a certain position. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research and application concerning technologies of isometric muscle force testing and to discuss the main testing technologies of outlook. METHODS: Literatures about muscle force testing, isometric muscle force testing and clinical application were searched from ScienceDirect database, HighWire Press database, Chinese Journal Full-text database, and WanFang database by the first author. These literatures have been published from 2000 to 2010 were selected. The key terms were “muscle force, muscle force testing, isometric contraction and isometric muscle force testing” both in English and Chinese, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 76 papers were initial searched, and 32 manuscripts were included in the review according to inclusive and exclusive criteria. Isometric muscle force testing is to measure the muscle force when one's joints in a fixed angle. It can not reflect the situation of muscle force of human comprehensively, and coupled with the immaturity of testing technology, the application of the test is limited. Isokinetic muscle force testing and isotonic muscle force testing are the main method to test the force of muscle as well. Each of these tests has its advantages and disadvantages. For example, isokinetic muscle force testing can not test the eccentric muscle contraction process, angle-related parameters can not be measured with isotonic muscle force testing system and the surface EMG also has a good effect on assessing muscle force. Therefore, it proposes a new direction for the isometric muscle force testing system to develop that is to combine with isokinetic, isotonic test system and surface electromyogram signal. The combination of the four may bring better test results. Related Articles | Metrics

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Gene alternative splicing related to stress regulation Fu Ya, Zhang Yao-yao, Sun Jiao-Xia, Xiang Yan, Wang Yuan-liang 2011, 15 (15):  2817-2820.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.15.038 Abstract ( 241 )   PDF (753KB) ( 347 )   Save BACKGROUND: The proper mechanical environment is not only the important factors for organism normal growth and development, structure reestablishment and function maintenance, but also is one of the key factors for functional recovery of injured tissue. The regulation of gene expression by stress does not only reflect the switch or regulation of gene expression, but also is related to alternative splicing after transcription. OBJECTIVE: The introduction of a new stress regulation by alternative splicing combined with growth factor binding, and to predict the presumable regulatory mechanism. METHODS: PubMed database (1964 to 2010) and CNKI database (2000 to 2009) were searched for relative review articles and research reports for aspects of signal transduction and genetic alternative splicing, the linkages between the two and possible regulatory mechanisms were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Stress stimulation could lead to alternative splicing of insulin like growth factor-1 genes in muscle cells and bone cells, which would produce a new stress-sensitive growth factor mechano-growth factor and reveal a new regulation by stress. The mechanism of regulation is not clear, which may be related to the stress caused by the location of splicing bodies (the displacing movement) and the change of the location and spatial structure (deformation) of splicing enzymes (such as RNP enzyme). Related Articles | Metrics

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Strategies for fragment antigen binding expression in Escherichia coli Liu Yun-hong, Hou Zong-liu 2011, 15 (15):  2821-2824.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.15.039 Abstract ( 418 )   PDF (631KB) ( 870 )   Save BACKGROUND: Low-yields of antigen-binding fragment (Fab) restricts its full scale operation and application, which may be changed by remodeling or optimizing host cells, expression vectors, expression condition and purification conditions.  OBJECTIVE: To summarize and introduce new strategies about expression and purification of Fab antibodies in Escherichia coli (E. coli). METHODS: CNKI and Medline databases were searched by the first author using key words of “Escherichia coli, Fab, Expression, antibody, purification” in Chinese or English from year 1990 to 2010. The Fab antibody expression and purification in E. coli were summed up and new researches concerning Fab antibody expression and purification in E. coli were introduced. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 125 papers were found and 30 papers were included. The results show that the Fab antibodies are mainly by cytoplasmic expression and secreted expression in E. coli. Its purification methods are mainly by metal ions and chelating affinity purification and specific proteins affinity purification. The influence factors concerning Fab expression in E. coli are correlated to each other. A substantial increase in current research on the latest Fab antibodies in E. coli expression and purification strategies are not consistent optimal, there is no best, only the most suitable. Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation between Hind Ⅲ polymorphism of osteocalcin gene and bone mineral density in Han Chinese postmenopausal women in Fuzhou area Nie Da-rong, Wang He-ming, Yang Lian-zi, Peng Mei-yu, Chen Ke 2011, 15 (15):  2825-2828.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.15.040 Abstract ( 296 )   PDF (676KB) ( 422 )   Save BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis is a polygenic disease. The relationships between osteocalcin (OC) genotypes and bone mineral density (BMD) are different from regions and populations. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between OC genotypes and BMD in postmenopausal women, so as to explore the susceptibility gene of female postmenopausal osteoporosis in Fuzhou region. METHODS: The OC genotype was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The BMD of lumbar spine, femoral neck, trochanter and Ward’s triangle of 201 Han Chinese postmenopausal women were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The distribution of OC genotypes of Han Chinese postmenopausal women in Fuzhou followed the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (X2=2.29, P > 0.05). The frequencies of OC polymorphism were HH genotype 5%, hh 46%, and Hh 49%, which was not significant different from those of Fuzhou, Beijing, Guangzhou and Taiwan (P > 0.05), but obviously different from Japanese and Caucasians (P < 0.05). There was a significant difference in BMD of trochanter between HH and hh genotypes (P < 0.05), but the difference was not significant in vertebrae L2-4, femoral neck and Ward’s triangular area. There is some association between OC genotypes and BMD in postmenopausal women possibly. Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation between 5, 10-methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase gene polymorphism, folic acid supplementation and non-syndrome cleft lip and palate Tang Yin-ke, Zhang Ye-long, Jian Yu-luo, Yan Xi-ying, Zhai Xiao-mei 2011, 15 (15):  2829-2832.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.15.041 Abstract ( 354 )   PDF (641KB) ( 558 )   Save BACKGROUND: Results of correlation between 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T loci gene polymorphism and cleft are differ from China and aboard, and the influence of combined intervention factors folic acid has not reported. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between MTHFR C677T loci gene polymorphism, folic acid supplementation and non-syndrome cleft lip and palate (NSCL/P) of Han population in Henan Province. METHODS: Totally 110 cases with NSCL/P visited Department of Plastic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University or Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhengzhou First People’s Hospital from September 2008 to March 2010 were selected. MTHFR C677T loci genes were detected by PCR-RFLP method, the frequency differences were compared with 40 healthy controls. Simultaneously, the statistical analysis was performed combined with whether folic acid was supplemented at female pregnancy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were significance between the case group and control group in C677T genotype and gene frequency (P < 0.01); in addition, TT genotype and gene frequency of cases with a family history was greater than that without a family history (P < 0.05); comparing those with or without folic acid supplementation during pregnancy, there was a negative correlation between NSCL/P and folic acid supplementation (χ2=4.304, γ=-0.169, P  < 0.05). The results suggest that MTHFR C677T mutation is associated with NSCL/P incidence in Henan Han population, and female pregnancy folic acid supplements can reduce the risk of NSCL/P. Related Articles | Metrics

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Bioinformatics analysis of genes expression profiles of postmenopausal osteoporosis with Kidney Yin deficiency Xie Li-hua, Zhao Yi-peng, Chen Ke, Lai Yu-lian, Ge Ji-rong 2011, 15 (15):  2833-2837.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.15.042 Abstract ( 346 )   PDF (704KB) ( 664 )   Save BACKGROUND: Gene differential expression exists in various types of postmenopausal osteoporosis, but its genomics mechanism has not been studied and reported. OBFECTIVE: Through analyzing the gene expression spectrum’s difference, to investigate characteristics of genes expression profiles of postmenopausal osteoporosis with Kidney Yin deficiency. METHODS: By TCM syndrome, 13 patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis were randomly divided into three groups: kidney Yin deficiency (n=4), kidney Yang deficiency (n=3), non-kidney deficiency (n=3), another 3 healthy postmenopausal women also were selected as control group. Human gene expression microarrays were applied to explore gene expression spectrum's difference of the groups. Kidney Yin deficiency group was compared with other three groups respectively. The genes with common significant difference were studied by Go and Pathway analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with control group, kidney Yang deficiency and non-kidney deficiency groups, there were 197, 354 and 54 genes expressed differentially in the kidney Yin deficiency group. Nine genes were expressed differentially among kidney Yin deficiency group with other three groups: PROK2, ASB1, MUC12, GSTM5, CLCF1, GPR27, C3orf35 and unknown genes chr3:113822408-11382234, chr18:34851804-34851745. Compared with control group, GSTM5 and MUC12 showed up-regulated expression, GPR27, C3orf35, ASB1, CLCF1 and PROK2 showed down-regulated expression. The pathway analysis showed GSTM5 was involved in glutathione metabolism, and CLCF1 was involved in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and Jak-STAT signaling. The pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis with kidney Yin deficiency is associated with the genes expression of GPR27, ASB1, PROK2, CLCF1 and GSTM5, and it has association with glutathione metabolism pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway and Jak-STAT signaling pathway. Related Articles | Metrics

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Cerebral protection with lidocaine following cardiac surgery: A meta-analysis Wang Dong-jin, Nie Ling, Wang Ying-chun 2011, 15 (15):  2838-2841.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.15.043 Abstract ( 396 )   PDF (628KB) ( 365 )   Save BACKGROUND: Although cardiac surgery becomes more mature, the ratio of cognitive deficits after surgery is still remains high. Some reports showed that lidocaine has neuroprotective effect, but their results are not totally identical. OBJECTIVE: To assess the neuroprotective effect of lidocaine in cardiac surgery. METHODS: A systematic literature search of PubMed, Cochrane databases, CNKI and Ovid was performed to identify relevant prospective randomized studies. The therapeutic effect and difference were evaluated using the odds ratio, weighted mean difference and 95% confidence interval. Review Manager Version 5 Software was used for the analysis of extracted data. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Seven literatures were searched, including 5 addressing neuropsychological testing before and after surgery and 2 concerning cerebral metabolism. The pooled statistics showed lidocaine could not decrease in cognitive deficits, but there was a statistically significant decline of cognitive deficits in younger subgroup, low dose subgroup (P < 0.05). A decrease effect of lidocaine on Ca-jvO2, CERO2 and AVDL was observed during the whole CPB (P < 0.05). The incidence of death and withdraw showed no significant difference. There is no sufficient evidence to prove lidocaine is neuroprotective. But used in appropriate dosage regimens in specific clinical situations, lidocaine has neuroprotective effect. Related Articles | Metrics

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Pathological changes of soft tissues and transforming growth factor beta 1 expression in radiation masseter injury models Shen Zong-ze, Zheng Jian-jin, Jia Mu-yun, Dong Gang, Li Tao 2011, 15 (15):  2842-2846.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.15.044 Abstract ( 266 )   PDF (506KB) ( 457 )   Save BACKGROUND: Long-term radioactive ray accumulation leads to surrounding tissues fibrosis accompanied by limitation of mouth-opening, which seriously affects life quality of tumor patients. OBJECTIVE: To observe pathological change of soft tissues in rats with radiation masseter injury and the level of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) mRNA expression in vivo. METHODS: A total of 30 Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group (n=10) and radiated group (n=20). Radiated group were radiated with linear accelerator at a dose of 40 Gy. The pathological changes of vessels were observed under light microscope and electron microscope and expression of TGF-β1 was detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The microvessel density of radiated group was obviously decreased than that of the control group (P < 0.01), but the mRNA expression of was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.01). It suggests that radiated injury can induce fibrosis to repair the radiated injury. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of synthetic peptides FG loop on PC12 cells proliferation and apoptosis Fu Hong-long, Ma Xue-xiao, Yu Teng-bo, Chen Bo-hua, Li Ning 2011, 15 (15):  2847-2850.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.15.045 Abstract ( 230 )   PDF (357KB) ( 373 )   Save BACKGROUND: FG loop (FGL) is a core active peptide fragment of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), which can directly act on fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) to activate NCAM signal pathway. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of synthetic peptides FGL on PC12 cells proliferation and apoptosis. METHODS: ①PC12 cells proliferation and apoptosis: The cultured PC12 cells were divided into control group and experiment group. The experimental group was added with 1% FGL peptide solution. The control group was pre-coated with poly-lysine plates. The cells were cultured 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 d respectively to detect cell proliferation by using Cell Counting Kit-8. ②PC12 apoptosis and nuclear factor kappa B mRNA detection: The PC12 cells were divided into normal group, experimental group and injury group. H2O2 was added into the injury group for 16 hours stimulation. In the experimental group, H2O2 and FGL were used for 16 hours stimulation. The cell apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry; mRNA expression of nuclear factor kappa B was detected by quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: PC12 cells cocultured with FGL peptide grow well, which indicates that FGL peptides can promote PC12 cell proliferation and inhibit PC12 cell apoptosis, as well as decrease mRNA expression of nuclear factor kappa B. Related Articles | Metrics