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17 December 2010, Volume 14 Issue 51 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Effect of salvianolic acid B-loaded hydroxyapatite sustained release spherules on the activity of osteoblasts Lan Lin, Zhi Wei, Huang Jing, Weng Jie, Lu Xiao-ying, Zhang Cong 2010, 14 (51):  9501-9506.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.51.001 Abstract ( 339 )   PDF (493KB) ( 453 )   Save BACKGROUND: Hydroxyapatite (HA) spherules, a new type of bone repair material, have been prepared in preliminary experiment. Bio-ceramic scaffold in a super-critical size can be constructed by adjusting HA spherules size and micro-structure. Loading some drugs that can promote bone healing on the scaffold, can control the local concentration of drugs and then improve efficiency, increase specificity, reduce side effects, and accelerate bone healing. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of salvianolic acid B (Sal B)-loaded HA sustained-release spherules on the activity of osteoblasts cultured in vitro. METHODS: Osteoblasts were isolated from SD rats and co-cultured with HA spherules, Sal B-loaded HA sustained release spherules, chitosan-coated Sal B-loaded HA sustained release spherules respectively. The proliferation of rat osteoblasts was evaluated with Alamar Blue assay; The alkaline phosphatase activities were measured to detect the differentiation of osteoblasts. Expression of collagen Ⅰ and osteocalcin were examined with immunocytochemistry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Sal B-loaded HA sustained release spherules coated with chitosan could enhance significantly the proliferation of rat osteoblasts and alkaline phosphatase expression, the effect duration was longer than that of HA group and Sal B-loaded HA spherules without chitosan. There was no significant difference in collagen Ⅰ and osteocalcin compared with HA group. Sal B-loaded HA spherules without chitosan made cells shrinkage and death because of the toxicity to the cells induced by drug sudden release from the second day. Sal B-loaded HA sustained release spherules coated with chitosan can enhance the proliferation and differentiation of rat osteoblasts for a long term, have no influence on the bioactivity of osteoblasts and also can maintain the bioactivity of osteoblasts. Related Articles | Metrics

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Tissue engineered characterization of allogenic demineralized bone matrix Feng Wan-wen, Xia Ya-yi, Dang Yue-xiu, Yang Guang-zhi, Li Guang-mei, Li Xiao-min, Chai Ling-xia, Chang Ling-wen, Zhai De-zhong, Cui Jian-guo, Wang Xiao-hong, Wu Ru, Li Ting, Guo Kan-su 2010, 14 (51):  9512-9516.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.51.003 Abstract ( 344 )   PDF (445KB) ( 671 )   Save BACKGROUND: Scaffold materials derived from bone have incomparable advantages compared with synthesized materials, regarding morphological or mechanical characterization. Demineralized bone matrix represents three-dimensional structure proximal to autogenous bone, it mainly contains Ⅰ-type collagen that is a good scaffold for cells adhesion and growth. OBJECTIVE: To study the biological characteristics of allogenic demineralized bone matrix (DBM) as viewed from tissue engineering, and to investigate the feasibility of DBM as a scaffold of cartilage tissue engineering. METHODS: DBM was prepared from chinchilla rabbits according to the methods described by Urist. Ultrastructures of DBM were observed by scanning electron microscope, the pore diameter, porosity and degradable rate of DBM were determined. Adhesive rate of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells into allogenic DBM was detected. Histocompatibility of allogenic DBM was evaluated by means of DBM implanting in rabbits. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: DBM represented three-dimensional spongy-like structure with pores. Pore diameter of DBM ranged from 210 μm to 320 μm, mean porosity was 92%. Degradable rate of DBM in vitro at 12 weeks achieved over 90%. Adhesive rate of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells into allogenic DBM were (51.50±2.30)%, (94.13±2.14)% and (87.24±1.75)% at 2, 4 and 6 days respectively after coculture. After allogenic DBM were implanted in rabbits at 6 weeks, interface between DBM and muscle tissue had no evident signs of inflammatory and rejective reaction, cartilage-like and bone tissue were also formed. DBM represents a three-dimensional porous structure which fits for adhesion and proliferation of seeding cells. Biodegradation of DBM synchronizes cartilage formation in phase. Allogenic DBM shows excellent adhesive activity and biocompatibility with cells, it can satisfy the requests of cartilage tissue engineering for scaffold materials, thus considered as an ideal scaffold material for cartilage tissue engineering. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of strontium ranelate on osteocyte apoptosis in rats under simulated weightlessness Jian Lian, Huang Zhen, Mai Yan-xing, Wang Mai-tao, Su Jia-lin, Deng Wei-min 2010, 14 (51):  9517-9521.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.51.004 Abstract ( 289 )   PDF (544KB) ( 576 )   Save BACKGROUND: Simulated weightlessness promotes osteoblast and osteocyte apoptosis, and strontium can reduce the apoptosis rate of osteoblasts and osteocytes in bone tissues under weightlessness, and promote bone formation. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevention and therapeutic effect of strontium ranelate on cells apoptosis under weightlessness state. METHODS: SD rats aged 5 weeks were included in this study to establish weightlessness models, intragastrically administrating strontium ranelate 3 days before suspension or while suspension. At 7 days after model establishment, serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase levels were observed by using automatic biochemistry analyzer. The bone Gla protein concentration was determined by radio immunoassay. The cell apoptosis in bone tissues was detected with in situ cell apoptosis detection technology. The expressions of Fas protein in bone tissues were detected with SP immunohistochemical method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the model rats of simulated weightlessness, serum bone Gla protein and alkaline phosphatase contents were significantly lower than those in corresponding control group (P < 0.05), whereas serum calcium and phosphorus concentrations were higher than that in control group (P < 0.01), the apoptosis of osteoblasts, osteocytes and bone marrow mesenchymal cells, as well as Fas antigen in bone tissues were all increased compared with control group (P < 0.01). Serum bone Gla protein and alkaline phosphatase content in rats treated with strontium ranelate 3 days before or while suspension were significantly higher than that in model group (P < 0.05), whereas serum calcium, cell apoptosis and Fas expression in bone tissues were significantly lower than model group (P < 0.05). Tail suspension stimulated weightlessness in rats can induce an increase of osteoblasts, osteocytes and bone marrow cells apoptosis associated with increased Fas expression in bone tissue, whereas strontium ranelate decreased Fas expression, accordingly, decreased osteoblasts, osteocytes and bone marrow cells apoptosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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In vitro culture of Schwann cells on acellular allogenic nerve scaffold Lan Xue-wen 2010, 14 (51):  9522-9526.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.51.005 Abstract ( 319 )   PDF (364KB) ( 441 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous study has investigate the influence of compound enzyme digestion and differential adherence method on culture of Schwann cells, and alkylphenol polyoxyethylene (Triton X-100) preparation for allogenic nerve scaffold. OBJECTIVE: To prepare an allogenic nerve scaffold using chemical extraction method and culture Schwann cells with the scaffold in vitro. METHODS: The bilateral sciatic nerves of Wistar rats were treated with 30 g/L trinitrotoluene and 40 g/L sodium deoxycholate for extractions. The middle piece of the extracted samples and the un-extracted samples was harvested for hematoxylin-eosin staining, S-100 and laminin immunohistochemical staining, as well as transmission electron microscope observation. Trypsin and collagenase were used to separate Schwann cells from the double sciatic nerves and brachial plexus of SD fetal rats. Highly purified Schwann cells were achieved with differential adherence and Arab-c to eliminate fibroblast. Finally the Schwann cells were injected into the acellular nerve scaffold and the consequence studies were performed by transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The cells and myelin sheath were removed and basal membrane component was preserved in the sciatic nerve after extraction procedure of trinitrotoluene and sodium deoxycholate. The electron microscopy showed that the extracted nerves are composed of empty basal lamina tubes and collagen fibers between tubes. The residual S-100 protein in nerves was significantly reduced along with the increasing times of extraction, scaffold structure was destroyed after repeated extractions. Acellular allogenic nerve scaffold fits for the growth of Schwann cells, and can transform to aline in vitro. Chemical extraction that uses the detergents of Triton X-100 and deoxycholate is an ideal method to prepare nerve scaffold with biomimetic structure, by the method cells can be removed from the sciatic nerve of Wistar rats while the basal lamina component preserved in the acellular nerve. Allogenous nerve scaffold populated Schwann cells may be an ideal substance to repair the nerve defect after injuries. Related Articles | Metrics

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Property of polyvinyl alcohol-calcium alginate as composite scaffolds for tissue engineering Li Qin-hua, Li Hui, Huang Lei 2010, 14 (51):  9527-9530.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.51.006 Abstract ( 309 )   PDF (485KB) ( 387 )   Save BACKGROUND: A scaffold for tissue engineering with high water content and proper swelling ratio can be fabricated using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and calcium alginate (CaAlg) at different relative molecular mass and alcoholysis. The porous structure shows potential in cell culture of tissue engineering scaffolds. OBJECTIVE: To produce the thin film, particles and sponge of PVA-CaAlg composite material by different molding methods, to investigate the feasibility of serving as a scaffold for tissue engineering, and to find out the most ideal proportion according to the property. METHODS: Scaffolds of PVA-CaAlg was fabricated by blending PVA with various amounts of sodium alginate. Water content and swelling ratio of the composite scaffold were tested. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the configuration of the cross-section. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Different proportional scaffolds could be obtained with different PVA molecular weight, alcoholysis degree and different sodium alginate dosage. They exhibited high water content, between 48%-93% and swelling ratio between 120%-470%. Scanning electron microscopy proved that inner tissue of the composite material had porous structure. When the weight average molecular weight of PVA was 24 000 and 61 500, the formed porous morphology was the best. Using small amount of sodium alginate, the pore structure and morphology of composite scaffold thin film formed better, the best structure and morphology can be achieved at m (PVA) : m (sodium alginate) = 3 : 1; using large amount of sodium alginate, the pore structure and morphology of composite scaffold sponge formed better, the best structure and morphology can be achieved at m (PVA) : m (sodium alginate) = 1 : 4, m (PVA) : m (sodium alginate) = 1 : 6. The material is fluffy and porous, with regular structure and uniform pore size distribution, thus meeting the requirement of tissue engineering porous scaffolds. Related Articles | Metrics

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Allogeneic chondrocyte transplantation into osteochondral defects using poly lactic-co-glycolic acid scaffold Yang Jie-shan, Zhao Xi-tang, Wang Hai-yan, Geng Pai-li, Cao Zhi-qiang, Zhang Guang-yuan 2010, 14 (51):  9531-9534.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.51.007 Abstract ( 288 )   PDF (482KB) ( 367 )   Save BACKGROUND: Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) scaffold can separate the immune-derived cells from the outside environment, and reduce or prevent immune response. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of repairing osteochondral defects of rabbit knees with allogeneic chondrocyte transplantation with use of PLGA scaffold.  METHODS: Chondrocytes isolated from cartilage of rabbits were grown in vitro until the passage III, and then were seeded on the PLGA scaffold. A full-thickness articular cartilage defect was created on the patellar groove of 36 New Zealand white rabbits. They were equally allotted to blank group, blank PLGA scaffold group, and chondrocyte-PLGA scaffold group. The defect site was examined at 12 weeks post-surgery on the basis of macroscopic appearance, hematoxylin-eosin staining, scores of Wakitani, and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Monolayer culture of rabbit chondrocytes in vitro were polygonal, cell clones were cobblestone-like. Immunocytochemical detection showed the positive expression of type Ⅱ collagen. Cells implanted to PLGA scaffold were observed a good combination. Wakitani histological scores in three groups were (13.17±0.94), (12.31±1.89), (5.96±3.47) points respectively, with significant differences between the groups (P < 0.05). Chondrocyte transplantation using PLGA scaffold is better than the other groups for repairing osteochondral defects. Allogeneic chondrocyte-PLGA scaffold graft can successfully repair the articular cartilage defects. Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanical properties of calcium polyphosphate fiber-reinforced alpha-tricalcium phosphate/nano-hydroxyapatite bone cement composites Shi Xue-ting, Xu Li-xin, Shi Zong-li 2010, 14 (51):  9535-9538.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.51.008 Abstract ( 461 )   PDF (446KB) ( 553 )   Save BACKGROUND: The theory of using fibers as reinforced materials to improve the properties of calcium polyphosphate (CPC) has been known and utilized. Because of low biocompatibility and stress-shielding on non-absorbable fibers, it becomes a hot point to study influence of degradable and absorbable fibers on the properties of CPC. OBJECTIVE: To prepare CPP/alpha-tricalcium phosphate/nano-hydroxyapatite (α-TCP/n-HAP) bone cement composites, and to study the results of CPP fiber to reinforce mechanical properties of CPC bone cement. METHODS: Firstly, α-TCP and n-HAP powder were made using solid reacting and wet reacting methods. Secondly, the two types of powder were mixed as different proportions and treated in high temperature. Thirdly, the mixed powder was compounded with CPP fiber according to different contents and lengths, with which bone cement samples were made out. Finally, hardening time and mechanical properties of the sample were measured, and microstructure of the hardened samples was observed with scanning electron microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: When the amount of CPP fiber was 10% and its length was 3 mm, the compressive strength was about 66.43 MPa and the bending strength was about 13.86 MPa. Scanning electron microscope showed that CPP fibers were distributed uniformly in CPP bone cement and combined well with the base. After immersing in Ringer’s fluid for three months, the CPP fibers still had certain results of reinforcing strength. The CPP fiber can increase strength of CPP/α-TCP/n-HAP bone cement composites, which have good mechanical properties. Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanical properties of porcine aorta after vacuum freeze-drying processes Yin Meng, Liu Meng-fang, Cao Qing, Wu Jian-qing, Tao Le-ren 2010, 14 (51):  9539-9544.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.51.009 Abstract ( 394 )   PDF (356KB) ( 624 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous studies focus on the freeze-drying cryoprotectant, cooling rate, storage temperature and other factors, but there is no a study reporting freeze-drying process on the mechanical properties of freeze-dried vessels. OBJECTIVE: The present study was to determine the optimal control parameters of cryodesiccation conditions for porcine aortas through analyzing the mechanical properties of the freeze-dried samples after rehydration in comparison to the fresh controls. METHODS: Fresh porcine aortas were freeze-dried by means of vacuum freeze-drying technology, and samples of porcine aortas were pre-cooled using an auto-temperature controller. The following primary and secondary drying phases were applied for aortas dehydration induced by vacuum. Mechanical properties of the freeze-dried samples were analyzed after rehydration, including the puncture tolerance, axial tensile stress and circumferential tensile stress, of the porcine aortas were evaluated by the texture analyzer. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The suitable pre-cooled rate of freeze-drying vessels was 1 K/min, and freeze-dried range at firstly -20 ℃ and secondarily 10 ℃. In comparison to the fresh controls, the post-rehydration puncture tolerance and circumferential tensile stress increased by 20% and 30%, respectively, with a decrease of 20% in axial tensile stress. Porcine aortas could preserve the elasticity, pressure-proof and compliance comparable to those of the fresh controls after rehydration, suggested as an effective way to the mechanical preservation of blood vessels. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of chitosan monomer on the devascularization function of endothelial cells Xu Qing, Chen Jing, Luo Xiang-lin, Chen Yuan-wei, Wan Chang-xiu 2010, 14 (51):  9546-9548.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.51.010 Abstract ( 321 )   PDF (358KB) ( 406 )   Save BACKGROUND: Chitosan stimulation of the growth of various cells may induce angiogenesis and granulation formation. However, little evidence reports the degradation products of chitosan on the angiogenesis. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influences of chitosan hydrolytic degradation product D-glucosamine on related behavior of endothelial cells to form blood vessel (including proliferation, migration and the formation of tube-like structure). METHODS: Endothelial cells were cultured with D-glucosamine physiological saline solution of different concentrations, with saline as negative control. MTT colorimetric assay was used to determine cell proliferation and to calculate the relative growth rate. A nick was made with a scraper and recorded by taking some photos at different time, and cell relative migration rate was calculated. Tubular frame on the collagen surface formed by endothelial cells was observed. The average length was calculated to obtain the relative tubular structure ratio. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION : When the D-glucosamine concentration rose from 10 nmol/L to 1 mmol/L, the relative growth rate did not change markedly compared with control group (P > 0.05). When the concentration ≥ 10 mmol/L, relative growth rate reduced remarkably (P < 0.01). When the concentration ≤ 10 mmol/L, cells migrated, and relative migration rate did not change markedly compared with control group (P > 0.05). Relative migration rate fell down rapidly to 0.63% at 100 mmol/L. Along with an increasing concentration, the relative growth rate gradually reduced. At 100 mmol/L, cell migration rate wasn’t changed markedly, tube-like structure formation rate increased, thus promoting the vascularization of endothelial cells. Related Articles | Metrics

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Bioabsorbable drug-eluting stents versus durable drug-eluting stents for treatment of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease: A Meta-analysis Lu Yong-guang, Li Lang, Chen Yan-mei, Su Qiang, Zhong Ji-ming, Zeng Shu-yi 2010, 14 (51):  9549-9554.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.51.011 Abstract ( 296 )   PDF (223KB) ( 603 )   Save BACKGROUND: Bioabsorbable and durable drug-eluting stents are widely used in coronary atherosclerotic heart disease intervention, due to the variations in the stent structure, drugs and drug carrier, several studies on the efficacy and safety of the two stents is not entirely consistent. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of bioabsorbable drug-eluting stents with durable drug-eluting stents in treating coronary atherosclerotic heart disease patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. METHODS: A computer-aided search of MEDLINE (January 1966 to July 2010), EMBASE (January 1980 to July 2010), Cochrane library (July 2010), Chinese Biomedical Databases (January 1990 to July 2010) was conducted to collected the control studies related with bioabsorbable drug-eluting stents versus durable drug-eluting stents for treatment of coronary heart disease. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed according to Cochrane handbook 5.1.2. Statistical analysis was performed using RevMan 5.0 software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Data from 10 controlled trials were included with a total of 4 391 cases, including 2 429 cases undergoing bioabsorbable drug-eluting stents and 1 962 cases undergoing durable drug-eluting stents. Meta analysis indicated no significance differences in incidence of major cardiac events, in-stent restenosis, target lesion revascularization, cardiac death, recurrent myocardial infarction and in-stent thrombosis between two groups within 6-12 months after the stent implantation. But the in-stent late loss was significantly lower in the bioabsorbable drug-eluting stent group compared with the durable drug-eluting stent group (P < 0.05). Bioabsorbable drug-eluting stents and durable drug-eluting stents are effective and safe in treating coronary atherosclerotic heart disease. Bioabsorbable drug-eluting stents are not inferior to durable stents and have a definite advantage in suppressing the neointimal hyperplasia. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and preservation of tissue engineered vascular matrix Chi Yi-fan, Xu Hui, Lin Ming-shan, Hou Wen-ming, Sun Zhong-dong, Sun Long, Niu Zhao-zhuo, Sun Yong, Sheng Wei 2010, 14 (51):  9555-9558.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.51.012 Abstract ( 537 )   PDF (357KB) ( 441 )   Save BACKGROUND: Acellular vascular matrix is prepared and preserved in order to construct complete biological tissue engineered vessels. OBJECTIVE: To prepare tissue engineered vascular matrix and to investigate the feasibility of preserving it in liquid nitrogen. METHODS: Trypsin, hypertonic solutions and chemical detergent were applied for a multi-step process to prepare acellular tissue engineered vascular matrix from rabbit thoracic aorta. The specimen was observed with macroscopic observation, light microscope, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. Then the specimen was observed by scanning electron microscope after preserved in liquid nitrogen for 3 months. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The cells were removed completely after this processing in rabbit blood vessels, the elastic fibers and collagen fibers were preserved well, extracellular matrix maintained intact. There were no obvious differences in scanning electron microscopy observation between the specimen preserved in liquid nitrogen for 3 months and the fresh matrix. A combined method of trypsin, hypertonic solution and chemical detergent can be a better method to prepare tissue engineered vascular matrix, and the vascular matrix could be preserved in liquid nitrogen for a short time. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biocompatibility of SOX-9 transfected bone marrow stroma cells with poly lactic-co-glycolic acid complex Xu Zhong-shi, Lin Bo-wen, Lu Xiao-hu, Li Ran, Pan Xiao-hua, Zhang Xiao-ming, Lü Meng 2010, 14 (51):  9559-9562.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.51.013 Abstract ( 298 )   PDF (318KB) ( 435 )   Save BACKGROUND: Sox gene family is a newly discovered gene family, it plays an important role in the process of embryonic development, sex differentiation, development of nervous system and skeletal system. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the biocompatibility of SOX-9 gene transfected bone marrow stroma cells (BMSCs) with poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) complex, and the feasibility of BMSCs transfected by SOX-9 gene for repairing cartilage defect in animal models. METHODS: BMSCs successfully transfected by SOX-9 gene were cultured on PLGA copolymer, and animal models with cartilage defect were prepared. The complex was planted into defect site of animal model. The effect of repair was evaluated by macroscopic sample observation, histological observation, collagen Ⅱ immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: BMSCs transfected by SOX-9 gene grew on PLGA copolymer well and high expression of collagen Ⅱ was observed. The complex transplanted into defect site could repair the cartilage defects in animal model. There is well biocompatibility between PLGA copolymer the transfected BMSCs. The complex could repair the cartilage defect in rabbit models. Related Articles | Metrics

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Titanium implants with excellent antibacterial activity and biocompatibility Deng Jia-yin, Wang Yong-lan, Peng Cheng, Arimoto T, Shibata Y, Miyazaki T 2010, 14 (51):  9563-9566.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.51.014 Abstract ( 288 )   Save BACKGROUND: At present, pure titanium and its alloys have become the most commonly used dental implants because of its good biocompatibility and mechanical properties, but it is not anti-bacterial. OBJECTIVE: To examine the antibacterial activity and biocompatibility of arc-discharge processed titanium plates. METHODS: Titanium plates were prepared by electrical discharge. Antibacterial activity of the cultured streptococcus mutants was evaluated by colony formation. Osteoblasts and fibroblasts were cultured onto the titanium plates. Cell adhesion and proliferation were examined and cell numbers were counted. Absorption of cell binding protein was determined and tissue biocompatibility of the titanium plates was evaluated. Electron microscope scanning images were obtained to further examine sample surface microstructures. Lamellar X-ray diffraction was used for assessment of the surface anti-bacterial properties. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Samples treated in electrolyte solution containing sodium chloride, potassium chloride and magnesium chloride demonstrated antibacterial activity when compared to titanium plates without surface treatment. The number of bacterial colonies decreased significantly for samples treated in 1 mol/L electrolyte solution, while samples treated in solution containing sodium sulfate, potassium acetate and magnesium sulfate showed no antibacterial activity. The assay result of cell binding protein absorption indicated more protein absorption for titanium chloride. The X-ray diffraction produced a titanium peak as parent metal, while the surface of titanium oxide was stable. Further analysis indicated that titanium trichloride was transformed into hypochoric acid with antibacterial activity. Titanium chloride samples demonstrated both excellent cellular biocompatibility and antibacterial activity against oral bacteria. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biological behavior of human dental pulp cells on hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate scaffold with different pore sizes Peng Wei-wei, Zhai Wan-yin, Jiang Long, Li Li-fen, Chang Jiang, Zhu Ya-qin 2010, 14 (51):  9567-9571.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.51.015 Abstract ( 239 )   PDF (407KB) ( 477 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies prove the feasibility of repairing dental defects using human dental pulp cells combined with hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate (HA/TCP) scaffolds by means of tissue engineering methods. However, it is not clear that which pore size of scaffold can promote the growth and differentiation of dental pulp cells well. OBJECTIVE: To study the biological behaviors, such as adherence, proliferation and differentiation of human dental pulp cells on the HA/TCP scaffold with different pore sizes. METHODS: Human dental pulp cells were seeded into the HA/TCP scaffold with three kinds of pore sizes. Fluorescence microscope and scanning electronic microscope were used to observe the adherence and growth of cells to HA/TCP. Subsequently, the adherence and proliferation were assayed by adhesion rate and MTT tests, respectively. The complex of human dental pulp cells and HA/TCP scaffolds with different pore sizes were cultured with both growth medium and osteogenic medium, then the activity of alkaline phosphatase was determined at 4, 7 and 10 days. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Human dental pulp cells adhered to the surface and the pores of HA/TCP scaffold successfully, and proliferated well. The highest rate of adhesion was observed in the group of the scaffold with pore size in the range of 100-300 μm. Results of MTT showed that 300-500 μm pore size group could promote cellular proliferation after 3 days. The alkaline phosphatase activity of human dental pulp cells, compound with the scaffolds with pore size of 100-300 μm and 300- 500 μm, was significantly higher than 500-700 μm group after 10 days incubation. The scaffold with the pore size in range of either 100-300 μm or 300-500 μm promoted the adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of human dental pulp cells better than the group of 500-700 µm. Related Articles | Metrics

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In vivo biocompatibility of multi-(amino acid) copolymer-calcium sulfate Thu Jian-wei, Yang Xiao-bo, Shen Bin, Yang Jing, Zhou Zong-ke, Pei Fu-xing 2010, 14 (51):  9572-9576.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.51.016 Abstract ( 375 )   PDF (1100KB) ( 660 )   Save BACKGROUND: Amino acid polymer is a kind of new biological engineering materials, it has many advantages and potential application prospect in clinical field. However, the in vivo experiment study of this material is limited. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the biocompatibility of a novel biological engineering material, multi-(amino acid) copolymer-calcium sulfate compound, through animal experiments. METHODS: The multi-(amino acid) copolymer was compounded with calcium sulfate to prepare porous composite material and its diffusion solution. The following tests were performed: Acute general toxicity test: Two groups of SD rats (n=10) received peritoneal injection of diffusion solution and saline, respectively. Change of activity and rat weight within 1 week were documented. Chronic toxicity test: The changes of liver and kidney functions were observed after composite materials were implanted into back muscles of New Zealand rabbits. Intradermal stimulation test: The stimulations such as erythema and edema were observed after the diffusion solution was intradermally injected into the back skin of New Zealand rabbits. Intramuscular implantation test: The composite materials were implanted into musculus sacrospinalis of New Zealand rabbits. The tissue reactions were observed at 1, 2, 4, 8 weeks. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the acute general toxicity test, the diary activities of rates were normal after the injection of the diffusion solution. Rat body weight was growing similarly in both groups, the increase rate of body weight had no significant difference (P > 0.05). There were no significant damages of rabbits’ liver and kidney functions after implantation of materials into animal muscle. In intradermal stimulation test, skin reactions such as erythema and edema were not observed after the injection of diffusion solution into rabbits. In intramuscular implantation test, the reaction of inflammatory cells of the tissue nearby implants was slight, the fibrous tissue and blood vessels grew into the composite materials, without rejecting reaction. The activity of cytochrome oxidase and lactate dehydrogenase of muscles cells nearby the implants was normal after implantation. The new composite material of multi-(amino acid) copolymer-calcium sulfate has good biocompatibility and excellence safety in vivo, it can degrade and absorb in vivo, thus considered as a good bone repair material. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biocompatibility of sustained-releasing microspheres loading chitosan scaffolds Xiong Min-jian, Li Xiao-feng, Huang Shan-hu, Xu Xiao-li, Xie Yu, Hong Xiao-wei 2010, 14 (51):  9577-9581.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.51.017 Abstract ( 263 )   PDF (486KB) ( 446 )   Save BACKGROUND: Chitosan scaffolds loading sustained-releasing transforming growth factor β microspheres can promote chondrocyte grow in vitro, and induce bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells differentiation into chondrocytes. Chitosan scaffolds loading sustained-releasing microspheres are expected to be a booming tissue engineered material for the treatment of cartilage defects. However, the biocompatibility is not disregardful for in vivo experiments. OBJECTIVE: To prepare chitosan scaffolds loading sustained-releasing microspheres, and evaluate its biocompatibility in vivo and in vitro. METHODS: By using hemolytic test, acute systemic toxicity test, intracutaneous stimulation test, heat source experiment and intramuscular implantation test, the biocompatibility of the self-made chitosan scaffolds loading sustained-releasing microspheres was comprehensively evaluated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The hemolytic rate of chitosan scaffolds was 1.6%, there was no significant destruction of red blood cells observed via the microscope; the acute toxicity was evaluated as non-toxicl; the intracutaneous primary stimulation scores and the primary stimulation index were both 0; in the heat source experiment, the body temperature raise to (0.17±   0.06) ℃; rats underwent intramuscular implantation all survived well without systemic infection, and newborn hair normally distributed at 4 weeks; Naked-eye observed that there were significantly increased peripheral vascular stents at 8 weeks, which well integrated with the surrounding muscle tissue, while other internal organs such as heart , liver, lung and kidney were ordinary. Along with time prolonged, infiltration of lymphocytes was gradually decreased, blood vessels and fibrous tissues were visible to grow into the scaffolds, wrapped fibrous tissues were gradually thinner, chitosan scaffolds were gradually degraded. Chitosan scaffold loading porous microspheres has excellent biocompatibility. Related Articles | Metrics

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Nano-bone composite of bone marrow stromal stem cells and nano-material scaffold in repairing rabbit femoral head necrosis Mu Xiao-hong, Zhao Zi-yi, Xu Lin, Wang Shuo-ren, Zhu Ling-qun, Chen Jiang, Li Xiao-ping 2010, 14 (51):  9582-9586.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.51.018 Abstract ( 409 )   PDF (823KB) ( 684 )   Save BACKGROUND: The chemical properties and physical properties of nano-hydroxyapatite collagen (nHAC), prepared by Department of Materials at Tsinghua University, for bone repair, are in line with environmental requirements in the human body, and nHAC has good biocompatibility. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and nHAC in osteonecrosis of the femoral head by means of nano-materials and tissue engineering technology. METHODS: MSCs and nHAC were mixed to prepare a complex. Bilateral osteonecrosis of the femoral head models were established in 46 New Zealand rabbits and then were randomly divided into 3 groups. Sham-operation group received no treatment; nHAC group was implanted with nHAC; nHAC+MSCs group was implanted with the complex of nHAC+MSCs. Imageology and histology changes of femoral head were investigated at 4, 8, 12 weeks after operation respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: X-ray examination showed that at 12 weeks after implantation, the femoral head collapse was found in sham-operation group; there was no obvious difference between implanting area and surrounding tissue after nHAC implantation, new bone trabeculae was around; in nHAC+MSCs group, the implanting area was similar to the surrounding tissue, and trabecular bone distributed. Histological detection showed that: at 4 weeks after operation, the sham-operation group presented no significant changes in defect area, while nHAC degradation and new bone formation were observed in nHAC group and nHAC+MSCs group; at 8 weeks after operation, the articular cartilage of sham-operation group was defected while osteogenesis and nHAC degradation were more obvious in nHAC group and nHAC+MSCs group; at 12 weeks after operation, there were collapse in some cases of sham operation group; At the same time, defect area was restored in nHAC group and nHAC+MSCs group, and trabecularism formed in nHAC+MSCs group. nHAC and nHAC+MSCs are superior to sham operation group in terms of the osteonecrosis of femoral head, especially nHAC+MSCs. Related Articles | Metrics

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Intra-articular injection of polylactic acid microspheres containing compound Chinese herbal medicine into rabbits with knee osteoarthritis Zhao Hong-pu, Xu Qiu-yu, Yang Fan 2010, 14 (51):  9587-9590.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.51.019 Abstract ( 380 )   PDF (472KB) ( 436 )   Save BACKGROUND: Guyan Yihao is composed by epimedium, psoralen and angelica. It has effects on invigorating liver and tonifying kidney, strengthening the muscles and bones, promoting blood circulation by removing blood stasis, removing obstruction in the channels to relieve pain. OBJECTIVE: To explore the availability of intra-articular injection of Guyan Yihao microspheres on the osteoarthritis of rabbit’s knee. METHODS: New Zealand white rabbits were divided randomly into normal saline-treated group, sodium hyaluronate-treated group, and Guyan Yihao polylactide microsphere-treated group. All of their right knees were made osteoarthritis model with Hulth method. At 6 weeks after operating, the animals were injected respectively with normal saline, sodium hyaluronate, and Guyan Yihao polylactide microspheres into the right knee once a week for 5 times. Two weeks after the last injection, the animals were sacrificed and the affected knee joints were harvested for gross anatomical and histomorphological evaluation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In Guyan Yihao polylactide microsphere-treated group and sodium hyaluronate-treated group, the arthritis index was decreased significantly compared with saline-treated group (P < 0.05), and articular cartilage cataplasia was relieved. There were no significant differences between Guyan Yihao polylactide microsphere and sodium hyaluronate, but Guyan Yihao was less effective than sodium hyaluronate. Guyan Yihao polylactide microspheres are available in intra-articular injection for osteoarthritis treatment. Some protective effects of Guyan Yihao on arthritis is showed in this study. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and cytotoxicity of carboxymethyl chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel Peng Wei, Mu Yu 2010, 14 (51):  9591-9594.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.51.020 Abstract ( 536 )   PDF (330KB) ( 620 )   Save BACKGROUND: Compared with chitosan, carboxymethyl chitosan is safe, nontoxic, antigenic-free, and has higher water-solubility, membrane-forming, moisture-retention capacity and good biocompatibility, it is a good drug carrier. OBJECTIVE: To produce carboxymethyl chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel, and to evaluate its cytotoxicity on mouse lung fibroblasts (L929). METHODS: The carboxymethyl chitosan mixed with glycerophosphate salt to produce the carboxymethyl chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel. MTT colorimetric assay was used to determine the cytotoxicity of L929 cells at different concentrations (50, 10, 2, 0.4, 0.08) of carboxymethyl chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel, positive and negative control groups were also set. Absorbance values were detected at 24, 48, 72, 96 hours after adding the sample, the relative growth rates were counted and cytotoxicity grade was assessed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The relative growth rates were ranged from 103% to 228% at different time points and cytotoxicity grade of different concentrations of the carboxymethyl chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel was 0. The carboxymethyl chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel shows no cytotoxicity on L929 and has good biocompatibility, it is potential in treatment of periodontal diseases. Related Articles | Metrics

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Surface modification of titanium by collagen and heparin self-assembly multilayers Li Quan-hui, Xu Zhu-jun, Li Quan-li, Shen Jun, Zhang Wei-bo 2010, 14 (51):  9595-9600.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.51.021 Abstract ( 364 )   PDF (1200KB) ( 487 )   Save BACKGROUND: The biological surface modification for the titanium and improving the biocompatibility of titanium surface is one of the hot spots in research of titanium surface modification. OBJECTIVE: Collagen and heparin multilayers were coated on pure titanium using a layer-by-layer self-assembly technique, to achieve extracellular matrix modification of the titanium surface and to improve the cytocompatibility of titanium. METHODS: The film growth was initialized by depositing one layer of positively charged poly-L-lysine on the NaOH-treated titanium substrate (porous and negatively charged surface). Then, the film was formed by the alternate deposition of negatively charged heparin and positively charged chitosan via electrostatic interactions of polyelectrolytes, and terminated with an outermost layer of collagen. The chemical composition, surface topography as well as roughness of the multilayers were investigated by using diffuse reflection-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope, and contact angle measurement respectively. We cultured bone marrow stromal cells on the surface of modified-titanium and pure titanium respectively to observe its adhesion and proliferation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The analysis of diffuse reflection-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope, and contact angle measurement confirmed that, heparin-collagen multilayers formed gradually on the titanium surface and could improve cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. The heparin-collagen multilayers is a potential biological titanium surface to improve the biocompatibility of titanium surface. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of human hepatic failure serum on function of hepatocytes cultured in vitro: A simulation experiment Xue Kun, Gao Sen, Pan Ming-xin, Gao Yi 2010, 14 (51):  9601-9604.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.51.022 Abstract ( 315 )   PDF (322KB) ( 362 )   Save BACKGROUND: The key material of bioartificial liver is the hepatocytes, whose function directly affects the clinical results. OBJECTIVE: To simulate a composite with similar biological effects with hepatic failure serum on the hepatocytes function cultured in vitro. METHODS: The efficacy of the simulated serum liver failure, human liver failure serum and 10% fetal bovine serum on the cultured CL-1 cells was observed and compared, including cell morphology and cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and glutathione secretion. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The simulation liver failure and human liver failure serum had the same efficacy on CL-1 cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and glutathione secretion, with no significant difference (P < 0.05), CL-2 cell growth was inhibited, and CL-1 cells had good function state in 10% fetal bovine serum. The simulated liver failure serum and human liver failure serum have the same biological effect on CL-1 cells. Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of technical factors on incorporation of strontium into freeze-dried bone Zhao Yan-tao, Hou Shu-xun, Yan Jun, Zhong Hong-bin, Zhou Ying 2010, 14 (51):  9605-9608.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.51.023 Abstract ( 356 )   PDF (319KB) ( 365 )   Save BACKGROUND: Freeze-dried bone is a most commonly used bone substitute material in clinical practice. Incorporation of strontium into freeze-dried bone will promote the performance of the material in clinic. OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of solution concentration and soaking time on incorporation of strontium into frozen dried bone by soaking method and further investigate the releasing characteriatics of strontium element from the combined material. METHODS: Strontium was incorporated into frozen dried bone with solution concentration varying from 5 to 40 mmol/L. At     10 mmol/L of strontium concentration, the incorporation rates at different soaking time of 1.5, 3, 6, 9 days were analyzed. Controlled release of strontium ion was evaluated in deionized water. ICP-OES plasma emission spectroscopy was used to quantify the elements. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: With the increase of solution concentration, incorporation of strontium into frozen dried bone increased between 2.0% and 5.1%. Within 9 days observed, incorporation of strontium also increased along with soaking time. At the initial period, there was a burst-release of strontium, then release of strontium got steady and release of strontium was always higher than calcium within 30 days. According to this study, higher concentration of strontium solution and longer soaking time can improve the quantity of strontium incorporated into frozen dried bone. Strontium-incorporated bone has the capability to release strontium ion for a long period. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of high-concentration glucose on biofilm formation of Staphylococcus epidermidis on the surface of biomaterials Xu Yu-shan, Ye Lian-hua, Huang Yun-chao, Lei Yu-jie, Zhang Liang 2010, 14 (51):  9609-9612.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.51.024 Abstract ( 320 )   PDF (299KB) ( 558 )   Save BACKGROUND: There are high rates of bacterial infection on the surface of implanted biomaterials in diabetic patients; it is uncertainly high of infection rate in non-diabetic patients with hyperglycemia during the operation. Few studies report the effect of different concentrations of glucose on the bacterial biofilms formed on the surface of biomaterial in vitro. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of high concentration of glucose on the biofilms on the surface of biomaterial in Staphylococcus epidermidis. METHODS: Staphylococcus epidermidis model of biomaterial infection was cultured in different concentrations of glucose. Biofilms mass was semi-quantified by crystal violet dye. The thicknesses of biofilms were measured by confocal laser scanning microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Semi-quantitative experiments showed that the absorbance values of biofilm formation positive strains (Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC35984) was greater than 0.12, with the increasing concentration of glucose in the culture medium, the absorbance values also raised and reached a peak at 50 mmoL/L glucose concentration. Confocal laser microscopy demonstrated that, on biofilm formation positive strains (Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC35984), the biofilm was significantly thicker in ≥ 11.1 mmoL/L glucose group compared with no glucose group (P < 0.05). The maximum value of biofilm formation occurred with 50 mmoL/L glucose. There were no biofilms formed in biofilm negative strains (Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC12228). High concentration of glucose can induce the formation of biofilms in Staphylococcus epidermidis, controlling glucose is more important to decrease the incidence rate of biomaterial infection in diabetes mellitus.　 Related Articles | Metrics

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Stress analysis of maxillary central incisors restored with all-ceramic crown fiber post and composite resin core under two boundary conditions Li De-shun, Chen Xiang-tao, Xiao Zhi-tao 2010, 14 (51):  9613-9616.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.51.025 Abstract ( 316 )   PDF (326KB) ( 497 )   Save BACKGROUND: Restoration with post and core has been studied extensively by three-dimensional finite element method, but stress analysis under different boundary conditions has not been reported. OBJECTIVE: After maxillary central incisors restored with all-ceramic crown fiber composite resin posts and cores, stress change under different boundary conditions is analyzed by three-dimensional finite element method. METHODS: Maxillary central incisors of the involved subjects were scanned consecutively by three-dimensional spir CT, dicom data was used for establishing two sets of the same three-dimensional finite element models with medical image manipulation soft, Mimics10.01. The boundary conditions of two sets of models were defined friction relationships and all constraint relationships. Von mises stress and max principal stress of all-ceramic crown, residuary dentin and fiber post under two boundary conditions were analyzed by finite element analysis soft, Abaqus6.7. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In friction relationships, the stress peak of all-ceramic crown and residuary dentin remarkably increased; while the peak of fiber post under two boundary conditions were almost similar; stress distributions of every unit were similar; it is indicated that boundary conditions cannot change the stress distribution of original tissues, but greatly influences the stress peak, fiber post will not reduce the peak stress of residual dentin. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of anti-ozone aging properties of three silicone rubbers for maxillofacial prosthese Han Ying, Zhao Yi-min, Lu Yi, Shao Long-quan 2010, 14 (51):  9617-9620.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.51.026 Abstract ( 436 )   PDF (516KB) ( 513 )   Save BACKGROUND: Exposed in air for long time, maxillofacial silicone prosthese will be effected by many factors, such as light, heat and ozone. The effect of these factors will make the mechanical properties of prostheses be worse than before, which cause that silicone rubbers change color and become hard, crisp and sticky. The physical and mechanical properties gradually reduce, manifested as decreased strength and disappeared flexibility, eventually leading to loss of use value. OBJECTIVE: To compare the mechanical properties of three silicone rubbers before and after ozone aging (ZY-1, SY-1, A-2186), and to evaluate the anti-ozone aging properties of ZY-1 silicone elastomer. METHODS: The mechanical properties of three silicone rubbers were tested before and after ozone aging in accordance with GB/T 7762-1987 “Vulcanized rubber static tensile method of anti-ozone aging test”. Statistical analyses were done using a two-way analysis of variance. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After ozone aging, the tensile strength, the elongation at break and tear resistance of three silicone rubbers reduced, while the hardness and permanent deformation rate increased. The percentages of elongation at break and tear resistance, as well as shore A hardness, of ZY-1 were significantly lower than that of SY-1 (P < 0.05), and similar to that of A-2186 (P > 0.05). ZY-1 addition-type silicone rubbers can maintain good flexibility and hardness, have reasonable anti-ozone aging properties. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biocompatibility of new ophthalmology materials Yang Xiao-chun 2010, 14 (51):  9623-9626.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.51.028 Abstract ( 392 )   PDF (314KB) ( 553 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effect, complications and applications of artificial eye mount made of different materials in orbital implant, as well as the influence of different implantation approaches to avoid postoperative complications. METHODS: An online search of Wanfang database was performed for articles related to artificial eye mount from January 1999 to December 2009, with key words of “biocompatibility of new ophthalmology materials” in Chinese. Duplicated research, reviews or Meta analysis were excluded, finally 38 articles were evaluated. RESULTS: At present, the orbital implants are mainly artificial eye mounts made of natural coralline hydroxyapatite, porous bioceramic, polymethyl methacrylate and modified PHEMA porous hydrogel. Natural coralline hydroxyapatite shows better clinical application as an orbital implant, but its high cost makes many researchers being studying a substitute material. At the same time, the approach of orbital implantation plays a significant role in avoiding the occurrence of postoperative complications, many researches demonstrate valuable achievements. CONCLUSION: There are many materials for producing artificial eye mount, also many implantation means. In practical operation, we should take the appropriate measures based on the actual situation of patients, to achieve the most satisfactory results. Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of tracheobronchial stent materials Xue Yun-xin, Xiao Jing 2010, 14 (51):  9627-9630.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.51.029 Abstract ( 438 )   PDF (298KB) ( 674 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance and application of tracheobronchial stent materials, to find a more safe and effective tracheal stent materials. METHODS: Using “artificial airway, tracheal stent, biological material” in Chinese and “trachus, bronchus, stent” in English as the key words, a computer-based online search of Pubmed database (http://www.ncbi.nlm .nih.gov/PubMed) and the VIP database (http://www.cqvip.com/) from January 1995 to October 2008 was performed by the first author for articles about tracheal stent biomaterials, repeated study or Meta analysis were excluded. Eighteen articles mainly focused on the types and properties of tracheobronchial stent materials. RESULTS: A total of more than 50 articles were screened out, 18 of them were involved in the evaluation after reading the title, abstract and full text, including 16 English literatures and 12 Chinese literatures. Various materials for tracheal stent have their characteristics, and cannot be completely denied. Nickel-titanium shape memory alloy stent is most used in China, which has been widely used for the treatment of airway stenosis due to various reasons, can be radially stretched, at this time the diameter becomes thinner and easy to load into catheter. After release, it automatically return to the original diameter, indicating a good compliance, and can be placed in various parts of the airway, better relieve short breath symptoms, so as to reduce the suffering of patients. CONCLUSION: In recent years, artificial tracheal stents are rapidly developing, and metal stents even more. Nickel-titanium shape memory alloy stent is the ideal scaffold material, it is safe, reliable, easy to operate and affordable, has been widely used in treatment of various types of airway stenosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Blood compatibility of micromagnetic field on surface of biomedical metallic materials Liu Qiang, Cheng Xiao-nong, Fei Huang-xia 2010, 14 (51):  9631-9634.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.51.030 Abstract ( 346 )   PDF (278KB) ( 473 )   Save BACKGROUND: TiO2 film containing SrFe12O19 magnetic powder is coated on the surface of NiTi alloy and 316L stainless with sol-gel method. After magnetization, micromagnetic field is established on it. Dynamic clotting time of 316L stainless steel and NiTi alloy can be increased with TiO2 film containing SrFe12O19, and hemolysis rate is decreased, which indicate the improved blood compatibility of TiO2 film contained SrFe12O19. OBJECTIVE: To discuss mechanism of the interaction between micromagnetic field and blood. METHODS: SrFe12O19 nano-powder was prepared by the method of harnessing the citric acid, its morphology and size were studied by using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The magnetic properties were detected by using a magnetometer. The sol-gel method was used to prepare the TiO2 film containing SrFe12O19 powder, and the coating film component was then characterized by X-ray diffraction. The relations between the micro-magnetic field surface and the blood compatibility of materials were evaluated by dynamic clotting time and hemolysis rate. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Adsorptions of Ca 2+ , fibrinogen, platelets and erythrocytes in blood on material surface were prevented because of their diamagnetism. So the process of clotting was restrained, which indicated an antithrombotic effect and the improved blood compatibility of materials. Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of biological hemostatic dressings and gauzes in surgical wounds Zhou Zhong-xiao, Wei Xi-lin, Yao Jian-ru, Zhang Jian, Bian Gang, Li Jin-hui 2010, 14 (51):  9635-9638.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.51.031 Abstract ( 455 )   PDF (356KB) ( 1089 )   Save null References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Feasibility of different biological patches in pelvic floor reconstruction Wang Zhao-xiu, Liu Dan 2010, 14 (51):  9639-9642.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.51.032 Abstract ( 481 )   PDF (378KB) ( 527 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility, effectiveness and clinical value of alternative materials patch in pelvic floor reconstruction. METHODS: An online search of VIP database and PubMed database was performed to retrieve relevant articles of pelvic floor dysfunction, pelvic floor reconstruction and the application of patch implants, with key words of “patch, pelvic floor reconstruction” in Chinese and “biological patch, reconstructive pelvic surgery” in English. Articles related to patch type, materials characteristics and application were included, those recently published or published in the authority journals were preferred in the same field. Duplicated research, reviews or Meta analysis were excluded, 16 articles were selected into the evaluation. RESULTS: The biomaterial patch is divided into autologous, allogeneic and xenogeneic types. The autologous and xenogeneic grafts are mostly acellular tissue matrix at present, and its advantage is that there is no specific cognition site of cell surface receptors, it is difficult to trigger receptor immune rejection, thus increasing histocompatibility and reducing the probability of infection, some compound growth factors may exist and can regulate cell growth and induced differentiation. Synthetic patch materials have also been widely used in clinical practice, but may induce infection, rejection, invasion and other complications. CONCLUSION: The emergence of biomaterial patch greatly avoids erosion, but the life, safety, and objective effect remain controversial. Related Articles | Metrics

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Material characteristics and clinical treatment of ankle-foot orthosis Zheng Hong, Zhang Jian-kui, Ma Bing-xiang 2010, 14 (51):  9643-9646.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.51.033 Abstract ( 799 )   PDF (306KB) ( 595 )   Save BACKGROUND: For children with cerebral palsy, the traditional metal ankle-foot orthosis have many shortcomings such as multiple manufacturing processes, high production conditions, difficult to repair post-production and heavy, a growing number of researchers have adopted modern polymer materials for the ankle-foot orthosis production. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the materials science characteristics of several ankle-foot orthosis materials, and to investigate the application of ankle foot orthoses in the treatment of knee hyperextension in children with cerebral palsy. METHODS: An online search of CNKI Database (www.cnki.net/index.htm) was performed by the first author using the key words of “knee hyperextension, cerebral palsy, ankle-foot orthosis” in Chinese to search the title and abstract. Articles that timely and accurately report the research progress and application of ankle-foot orthosis in treatment of children with cerebral palsy were selected, a total of 19 articles were included in the analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Ankle-foot orthosis production materials include polymer resins, polyethylene, polypropylene, low-temperature thermoplastic sheet, and semi-finished polymer fiber. Children with cerebral palsy carrying ankle-foot orthosis can enhance the stability of ankle joint, reduce muscle tension, improve walking speed and pace, improve gait function. Related Articles | Metrics

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Tissue engineered tendon materials for tendon damage repair Li Ang, Dai Yan, Tu Xiang-ren 2010, 14 (51):  9647-9650.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.51.034 Abstract ( 423 )   PDF (277KB) ( 438 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To summarize and analyze the research progress of tissue engineered tendon, and further analyze the possibility of tissue engineered tendon as a substitute for tendon repair, as well as future development prospects. METHODS: Using “tissue engineering, seed cells, tendons, damage repair, scaffold” in Chinese and English as the key words, a computer-based retrieval of PubMed database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed) and VIP database (http://www.cqvip.com/) from January 1994 to December 2009 was performed for articles on exercise-induced tendon injury and tissue engineered tendon, excluding Meta analysis or repeated research. A total of 25 articles were included, focusing on the following four aspects for discussion: ① biomechanical research progress of sport tendon engineering; ② classification and screening of tendon tissue engineering seed cells; ③ necessary characteristics of tendon tissue engineering scaffolds; ④ existing problems and research directions of tendon tissue engineering. RESULTS: At present, the seed cells in tendon tissue engineering include tendon cells, skin fibroblasts and bone marrow stromal stem cells. Uncertain standards for seed cells has restricted the development of tissue engineering, how to get large-scale regenerative seed cells is the most critical issue of tissue engineered tendon studies currently facing. Tissue engineered artificial tendon is supervisor to other traditional methods for repairing tendon defects, mainly in the following advantages: ① the forme d tendon tissue has vitality and function, can reconstruct the morphology and function of the defective tendon, and achieve a permanent replacement; ② repair serious tendon defects after a relatively small amount of tendon cells culture and amplification in vitro; ③ molding defective tendon, to repair shape. CONCLUSION: The key of tissue engineered tendon in practical clinical application is how to simulate the environment in vivo and to successfully construct tendon tissue in vitro, thus simulating in vivo environment and construction in vitro of tissue engineering is future research direction. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biocompatibility of tissue engineered artificial materials for acute ligament injury repair Wang Yan-ying 2010, 14 (51):  9651-9654.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.51.035 Abstract ( 237 )   PDF (301KB) ( 464 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To investigate the necessity and importance of the biocompatibility of tissue engineered artificial materials in ligament repair process. METHODS: A computer-based online search of PubMed database and CNKI database was performed by the first author, for articles related to acute ligament injury treatment, materials science characteristics, biocompatibility and application effect. RESULTS: The traditional therapy for the repair means of acute ligament injury is conservative, mainly physical therapy, the repair effect is good for mild injuries, but is ineffective for serious ligament rupture or tear. The use of tissue engineering artificial materials may play a repair role in the restoration of serious ligament rupture or tear. Selection of ideal biomaterials in tissue engineering ligament reconstruction should pay attention on its biocompatibility, which directly determines the ligament repair effect, good biocompatibility is the base and necessary condition for the choice of biomaterials in tissue engineering treatment. CONCLUSION: With the advances of tissue engineered artificial materials, a good biocompatibility of the biomaterials is a basis for a variety of biological materials. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of biomaterials in repair of sports injury to knee cruciate ligament Ge Ting-yun 2010, 14 (51):  9655-9658.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.51.036 Abstract ( 352 )   PDF (299KB) ( 410 )   Save OBJECTIVE: By analyzing the structure and mechanical characteristics of knee joint, this study aims to clarify the mechanism underlying cruciate ligament injury, and to review the types and characteristics of cruciate ligament repair materials, thus providing evidence for the prevention of knee ligament injury and repair after injury. METHODS: A computer-based online search of CNKI Database (http://www.cnki.net/index.htm) and Pubmed database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed) from January 2000 to September 2010 was performed by the first author for basic and clinical application about biomaterials in repair of knee cruciate ligament injury, using the keywords of “ligament, damage, reconstruction” in Chinese and in English. Duplicated and old studies were excluded, and the data were preliminarily checked, and citations after each article were also searched. RESULTS: Accordance with inclusion criteria, 28 article were selected. The sudden knee force and complexity are important reasons for knee injury. Cruciate ligament injury is an important type of knee injury, due to poor healing capacity of cruciate ligament itself, the main treatment is arthroscopic allograft reconstruction. In cruciate ligament reconstruction, repair materials include autologous graft or allograft and artificial materials. Present clinical study on knee cruciate ligament reconstruction is developed in reconstruction materials, reconstruction effects and reconstruction techniques. Experimental studies on knee cruciate ligament focus on the promotion of tendon-bone healing, angiogenesis, collagen remodeling, aims to investigate the role of seed cells and growth factors for tissue engineering ligament. CONCLUSION: Knee cruciate ligament injury is a common phenomenon in knee injury, in cruciate ligament reconstruction, both autograft, allograft, or artificial ligaments have certain disadvantages, with the development of tissue engineering, future research should investigate a new artificial ligament, which is biological, mechanical compatible with normal ligament, biomechanics similar to normal ligament. Related Articles | Metrics

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Artificial biomaterials used for repair of acute knee ligament injury Wang Hong 2010, 14 (51):  9659-9662.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.51.037 Abstract ( 288 )   PDF (307KB) ( 402 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To evaluate biomechanics characteristics of acute knee ligament injury, to classify and summarize the treatment mechanism and means of rehabilitation for anterior cruciate ligament injury and after the intervention of artificial biomaterials. METHODS: An online search of Wanfang database from January 1996 to October 2010 was performed for articles related to the application of biomaterials for anterior cruciate ligament repair, with key words of “tissue engineering, knee joint, ligament, biomaterials” in Chinese. RESULTS: The knee joint is an important joint for human movement and weight-bearing, also an important landing buffer device, due to several internal and external factors during the movement result in anterior cruciate ligament injury. Tissue engineering artificial ligament is the current research focus, a lot of researches investigate the selection and construction of scaffold materials, the methods of seed cells isolation and culture, cytokine and surface modification. At present, there are increasingly developed and various means of rehabilitation for anterior and posterior cruciate ligament using artificial materials, but they often have their advantages and disadvantages. CONCLUSION: Although artificial ligament has deficiencies and is not an ideal graft to completely replace the ligament, the artificial ligament serves as an option for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, it is an important progress in the history of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, in particular, it is necessary to select appropriate individual rehabilitation among various biological means of rehabilitation with the advantages and disadvantages. Related Articles | Metrics

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Characteristics of biological materials for meniscus injury repair Huangfu Shang-feng 2010, 14 (51):  9663-9666.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.51.038 Abstract ( 321 )   PDF (340KB) ( 538 )   Save BACKGROUND: Since the meniscus is human cartilage tissue, and its self-repair is difficult, for most patients with meniscus injury, meniscus suturing or resection are hard to play a repair effect, tissue engineering approach may provide a means for its restoration. OBJECTIVE: To describe the meniscus physiological structure and biomechanical characteristics, to investigate the research progress on the seed cells and scaffolds of their course of treatment in the field of tissue engineering. METHODS: A computer-based online search of PubMed Database (http://www.ncbi.nim.nih.gov/PubMed) and CNKI Database (www.cnki.net/index.htm) from 1980 to 2010 was performed by authors for articles related to the physical structure and biomechanical characteristics of the meniscus, as well as the seed cells and scaffolds of tissue engineering in meniscus injury repair process, using key words of “meniscus, damage, biological materials”. Duplicated and old studies were excluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 25 studies were retained for further analysis. The meniscus is difficult to self-heal after injury, biomaterials become an important means of cartilage tissue repair, the culture and separation of seed cells, the ideal scaffold material selection and development are key issues to constraint meniscus injury repair. Regulation of cell growth factor provides a greater safeguard for the production and regeneration of seed cells in meniscus, the selection and development of meniscus tissue engineering scaffold materials are experienced a rapid development period from single material to composite material, which can make up many shortcomings and deficiencies of single materials, opened up new ideas for the development of new materials. Cell culture and separation, as well as nano-technology and other biomimetic materials, have become a hotspot for future research. Related Articles | Metrics

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Hot spots for tissue engineered cartilage scaffold and repair of sports-induced cartilage damage Ma Zhi-yong 2010, 14 (51):  9667-9670.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.51.039 Abstract ( 266 )   PDF (339KB) ( 468 )   Save BACKGROUND: The use of tissue engineered scaffold material is mature and diversifying for repairing cartilage damage, constructing tissue-engineered cartilage with similar biological properties to normal articular cartilage has become a research hotspot. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the physiological characteristics and damage factor of the cartilage, to classify and summarize the current scaffold biomaterials in articular cartilage repair. METHODS: A computer-based online search of PubMed database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed) and CNKI database (www.cnki.net/index.htm) was performed, with the key words of “Cartilage, Damage, Biological Materials, Scaffold” in English and in Chinese to search the title and summary. Articles on treatment approach, materials science characteristics, biocompatibility and its application effect of cartilage scaffolds were selected, those recently published or published in the authority journals were preferred. A total of 28 articles were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Human cartilage tissue is difficult to self-rehabilitate after injury, the implanted tissue engineered scaffold material serves as an important means of cartilage tissue repair. Choice for cartilage tissue engineering scaffolds has developed through natural materials, synthetic materials, and other single materials to composite material, the injectable materials, genetic technology and nano-materials, as well as modified materials technology are becoming currently a hot research and development trend. Related Articles | Metrics

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Shoulder joint bone injury repaired with artificial materials Feng Yan 2010, 14 (51):  9671-9674.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.51.040 Abstract ( 291 )   PDF (305KB) ( 618 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To investigate the biomechanical characteristics of shoulder joint bone injury, to classify and summarize the treatment approach and mechanism underlying artificial biomate4rial intervention after shoulder joint bone injury. METHODS: A computer-based online search of PubMed database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed) and CNKI database (www.cnki.net / index.htm) was performed using key words of “shoulder joint, fracture, biological materials, treatment” to search the title and abstracts. Studies related to the biomechanical characteristics of should joint, shoulder joint injury and treatment of artificial biomaterials were included, and those recently published or published in the authority journals were preferred in the same field. RESULTS: A total of 24 studies were involved in analysis. Shoulder joint is the most flexible joint with the largest movement range, Shoulder joint bone injury is common in gymnastics due to sudden force or violence in the process of upper extremity supporting. Present repair technology for serious shoulder injury is mostly shoulder prosthesis, with the advanced modern medicine, artificial biological engineering has been gradually applied to the field of sports medicine, artificial biomaterials are becoming mature and diversified in bone injury treatment, but rarely reported in the shoulder joint fracture repair. CONCLUSION: In the shoulder joint prosthesis design process, the goal is to restore the physiological structure and function of shoulder joint before injury. Therefore, the basic parameters that prosthesis design requires should be obtained by means of continuous in-depth study of anatomy, while the development of prosthesis can also promote morphology research and progress, plays a promoting role in development and in-depth study of bone morphology and surface modification. In addition, researchers have achieved good results in bone repair material selection, processing and surface modification. With the cell biology and molecular biology methods and technology advance, as well as the use of gene therapy, researches on shoulder joint bone injury repair will enter a new phase, and offer a new research direction for the proper use of artificial materials for should joint fracture repair. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biocompatibility of different induction materials for bone injury repair Wang Qing-feng 2010, 14 (51):  9675-9678.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.51.041 Abstract ( 274 )   PDF (351KB) ( 449 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To elaborate the necessity and importance of understanding the biocompatibility of biomaterials in tissue engineering rehabilitation process. METHODS: A computer-based online search of PubMed database and CNKI database was performed by the first author, using the key words of “acute injury, bone, biological material” in English and in Chinese to search the title and abstract. Articles related to treatment approach of acute bone injury, materials science characteristics, biocompatibility and its application effect were selected, a total of 20 articles were included in analysis. RESULTS: Early treatments for bone tissue engineering are autologous and allogeneic transplantations, both are defective, the former is easy to cause secondary injury in patients, the later is faced with greater bio-security risk, so artificial biomaterials for bone tissue repair has been attracting more and more attention in clinical practice. Currently artificial bone graft biomaterials include bone-derived materials, polymer materials, inorganic materials and composite materials, these materials have a repair, replacement and regeneration effect on the body tissue, in which a good biocompatibility of the biomaterials plays a vital role in the application success. CONCLUSION: The ideal choice of biomaterials must attach importance to its good biocompatibility, which directly determines the rehabilitation of bone, a good biocompatibility is the basis and the necessary conditions for biomaterials choice in tissue engineering treatment process. Related Articles | Metrics

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Properties and evaluation of different biological scaffold materials for bone defect repair Zhang Lu, Zhao Wen-zhi　 2010, 14 (51):  9679-9682.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.51.042 Abstract ( 242 )   PDF (281KB) ( 597 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the properties and effect of different biomaterials for the repair of bone defects, and to search a suitable biomaterial for clinical applications. METHODS: A computer-based online search was performed for articles between January 1995 and January 2010 using the key words of “biological material, bone, bone marrow stromal cells, cytokines, tissue engineering” in Chinese and in English. Articles regarding the biomaterials and tissue engineering bone defects repair were included; duplicated research or Meta analysis were excluded. A total of 22 papers mainly focused on the biomaterials and their properties for restoration of bone defects. RESULTS: At present, bone tissue engineering scaffolds are divided into two types: one is natural bio-derived materials obtained by a series of physical and chemical processes from natural tissues, such as collagen, coral, bio-derived bone and so on. The other is artificially synthetic materials, mainly includingr bio-ceramic and polymer materials, such as calcium phosphate ceramic, self-cured calcium phosphate, polylactic acid, polyethylene lactone, polyethylene glycol and so on. Currently, a single material, either bio-ceramic or polymer (natural or synthetic), can not meet the requirements of bone tissue repair, and thus composite scaffold attracts much attention, such as nano-hydroxyapatite and collagen, hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite and polylactic acid-glycolic acid compound. CONCLUSION: The composite scaffolds can ensure sufficient strength and can effectively combine the seed cells with growth factors, thus being conducive to construct tissue engineered bone. Related Articles | Metrics

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Treatment of noninfected avascular necrosis of the vertebral body using polymethyl methacrylate bone cement with percutaneous vertebroplasty Yang Sheng, Lu Jian-min, Zhao De-wei, Zhou Dan-yang, Li Xin-lu 2010, 14 (51):  9683-9686.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.51.043 Abstract ( 280 )   PDF (303KB) ( 363 )   Save BACKGROUND: Noninfected avascular necrosis of the vertebral body (NAVN) is not common, usually manifestated with compression fracture of vertebral body. There are few reports regarding it in China, due to insufficient understanding and low incidence. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the characteristics of NAVN and the efficacy of percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) in the treatment of NAVN. METHODS: A retrospective clinical study on the effect of PVP in the treatment of 12 NAVN cases in recent five years was performed. Under the guidance of digital subtraction angiography, vertebral bodies were injected polymethyl methacrylate bone cement through the vertebral pedicle. The pain level of each patient was assessed, both before and after the procedure, using a visual analogue scale. The heights of anterior border and central vertebral bodies were measured before and after PVP in a lateral projection. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Twelve vertebral bodies of NAVN were successfully treated with PVP, and PMMA injected into each vertebral body was average (6.0±1.5) mL. Complete relief or obvious relief was obtained in 10 cases (83%), moderate relief was got in 2 cases (17%). Visual analogue scale score decreased from 9.08±0.76 before operation to 2.33±1.43 at 3 days after PVP, and 1.08±0.95 at 6 months after PVP (P < 0.01). The mean increase in vertebral body height at 3 days was 2.2 mm anteriorly and 2.3 mm centrally. PVP combined with polymethyl methacrylate injection is proved to be an effective procedure for the treatment of NAVN, it could provide quick pain relief and partially restore the height of compressed vertebral body. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of glass fiber post in restoration of residual roots and crowns Tang Zhen-yu, Jiang Bo-rong, Jiang Shi-yong, Wang Hai-feng 2010, 14 (51):  9687-9690.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.51.044 Abstract ( 325 )   PDF (248KB) ( 511 )   Save BACKGROUND: The elastic modulus of glass fiber posts is approaching to teeth structure. So it can share the masticatory force with teeth, which can ease the stress concentration of dentinum and prevent from tooth fracture. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical effects of glass fiber posts on restoration of residual root and residual crown of front teeth. METHODS: A total of 171 affected teeth from 96 out-patients in Guilin Stomatological Hospital were treated with root canal therapy, and then divided into three groups: restored by glass fiber core and crowns, prefabricated alloy post and crowns, cast alloy post and crowns, respectively. Cobalt-chromium alloy ceramic crown repair was followed. All patients were visited for 6-24 months as follow-up. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The falling rate between glass fiber post group and cobalt-chromium alloy group had no statistical significance (P > 0.05), but root fracture rate had statistical significance (P < 0.05). The falling rate of glass fiber post group and prefabricated alloy post group had statistical significance (P < 0.05), but root fracture rate had no difference (P > 0.05). The restorations of glass fiber posts are superior to metal core and crowns, with good clinical application prospect. Related Articles | Metrics

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Human placenta mesenchymal stem cells seeded on a silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite scaffold for repair of radius segmental bone defects Qian Han-guang, Miao Zong-ning, Zhao Ji-dong, Peng Wei 2010, 14 (51):  9807-9511.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.51.002 Abstract ( 206 )   PDF (504KB) ( 493 )   Save BACKGROUND: Silk fibroin can be used for bone reconstruction and regeneration, showing the mechanical stability and durability. Silk fibroin alone has some shortcomings, it s easily broken at very low water content, and not enough strong in low humidity environments, compounding with other polymer can further improve the silk fibroin structure and properties. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of placenta mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs) combined with silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (SF/HA) materials in repairing rabbit bone defects. METHODS: A 15-mm length of radius defect model was established in rabbits, which were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, implanted with BrdU-labeled PMSCs/SF/HA and SF/HA respectively. The gross observation, histological and radiographic examinations were analyzed on 4, 8, and 12 weeks after transplantation to evaluate bone defects repair. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After PMSCs/SF/HA implantation, new bone formation at 4 weeks, bone defects were partially repaired at 8 weeks, and some new bone tissues formed lamellar bone and bone trabecular at 12 weeks, with a large amount of osteobloasts were seen, while the scaffolds degraded slowly in the control group. X-ray observation of the experiment group at 12 weeks after operation showed the bone defects were completely repaired, with continuous cortex, complete molding and cannot be distinguished. In control group, the defects were almost repaired, but the molding was poor and the defects can be detected. The new bone formation in the experimental group was better than that in control group. PMSCs/SF/HA composites transplantation can repair the radius bone defect in rabbits. Related Articles | Metrics