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29 July 2012, Volume 16 Issue 31 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Inhibition of acute allograft rejection in a rat liver transplantation model by adenovirus associated plasmid transferred with indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase Liu Xiao-long, Han Lu-zhe, Ren Xin, Xiao Gang, Jin Yi-yi, Chen Yong-bing, Liu Li-xin 2012, 16 (31):  5701-5705.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.31.001 Abstract ( 416 )   PDF (596KB) ( 599 )   Save BACKGROUND: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) expressing in immune privilege site can induces the T cell immune tolerance. OBJECTIVE: To study the inhibitory effect of adenovirus associated plasmid vector medicated IDO on acute rejection following rat liver allograft. METHODS: IDO and pWAV2 were transferred into a new vector pWCM-IDO. Forty-eight PVG/DA liver transplant models were randomly devided into three groups: normal saline group, pWAV2 group and pWCM-IDO group. Models in the three groups were performed with intraperitoneal injection of 1 mL normal saline, pWAV2 and pWCM-IDO, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: pWCM-IDO could be successfully transfected into the PVG donor liver. The survival time and the IDO expression level in the PWCM-IDO group were significantly higher than those in the normal saline group and pWAV2 group (P < 0.05-0.01). At 4 days after transplantation, the acute rejection degree in the PWCM-IDO group was significantly weaker than that in the other two groups. IDO recombinant plasmid could be successfully transfected into rat liver to relieve the acute rejection following liver allograft. But it difficult to sustain the effective expression, and the inhibitory effect on immune rejection was limited. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of sorafenib on recurrent hepatocelluar carcinoma after liver transplantation Lu Lei, Wang Xuan, Zhang Bin, Zhang Dong-hua, Gu Jin-yang 2012, 16 (31):  5706-5710.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.31.002 Abstract ( 374 )   PDF (476KB) ( 671 )   Save BACKGROUND: Recurrent hepatocelluar carcinoma is very common after liver transplantation. There are no effective therapies for recurrent hepatocelluar carcinoma due to the rapid progress of tumor. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of sorafenib plus transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with recurrent hepatocelluar carcinoma after liver transplantation. METHODS: The clinical data of 24 patients with recurrent hepatocelluar carcinoma after liver transplantation were analyzed. Sixteen patients were only treated with TACE and adjuvant chemotherapy (control group); eight patients were treated with sorafenib plus TACE and adjuvant chemotherapy (combined group). The survival rates of 6 months and 1 year as well as tumor-free survival time were compared between two groups by Log-rank test. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The patients in the control group all died within 95 days of tumor-free survival time, whereas 100 days in the combined group, and there was no significant difference between two groups (P=0.280 5). During the follow-up, 16 patients in the control group were dead within 211 days of median survival time; the 6-month and 1-year overall survival rates of control group were 69% and 25%, respectively. Two patients were dead in the combined group within 1 100 days of the median survival time, the 6-month and 1-year overall survival rates were both 100%. There was significant difference in 6-month and 1-year overall survival rates between two groups (P < 0.000 1). Sorafenib plus TACE and adjuvant chemotherapy may prolong the survival of patients with recurrent hepatocelluar carcinoma after liver transplantation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of a porcine splitting orthotopic liver transplantation model and management of anesthesia Sun Jian-jun, Chen Guo-yong, Tang Gao-feng, Chen Jian-bin, Wang Qian, Xie Zhan-tao, Zhao Hui-bo, Ji Jie 2012, 16 (31):  5711-5714.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.31.003 Abstract ( 314 )   PDF (383KB) ( 520 )   Save BACKGROUND: The porcine splitting orthotopic liver transplantation technique is characterized as high incidence of biliary complication and ischemic necrosis of the left medial lobe. In order to further research the splitting liver transplantation, a suitable animal is need to establish the transplantation and anesthesia model. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the establishment of porcine splitting orthotopic liver transplantation model and the characteristics of anesthesia management. METHODS: Forty 3-month-old pigs weighing 25-30 kg were selected, the veno-venous bypass was performed under general anesthesia, and then the donor liver was split along Taira line. After the section was trimmed, the orthotopic liver transplantation was performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The liver function recovered well, and the survival rate after one week was 50%, the operative time of recipient was (220±31) minutes, the recipient underwent anhepatic period was (35±6) minutes. Ten animals survived more than 48 hours. During anhepatic and reperfusion phase, the hemodynamics was significantly changed; and in the reperfusion phase, the content of serum potassium was significantly increased while the temperature was decreased. The result indicates that: ①The porcine splitting orthotopic liver transplantation model (along Taira line) is easy to operate, and has highly standardized degree and success rate as well as good reproducibility and stability, which is considered as an ideal animal model for a series of studies of liver transplantation in large animals. ②Even in a good vein bypass, the changes of hemodynamics and environment in anhepatic and reperfusion phase were significant. The correction of clotting mechanism and maintaining a stable internal environment during anesthesia are critical for the success of the operation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Different blood purification methods and delayed recovery of renal graft function Shen Bei-li, Qu Qing-shan, Miao Shu-zhai, Li Yu-hua, Hu Jun-jie, Wang Su-jing 2012, 16 (31):  5715-5719.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.31.004 Abstract ( 404 )   PDF (399KB) ( 403 )   Save BACKGROUND: The delayed recovery of renal function after renal transplantation is one form of acute renal failure, mostly resulting from ischemia-reperfusion injury and rejection, blood purification has been widely utilized as a basic treatment approach of delayed recovery of renal graft function. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of different dialysis methods on delayed recovery of renal function, to select the appropriate dialysis methods and to improve transplantation efficacy. METHODS: A total of 56 patients with delayed recovery of renal graft function after transplantation were respectively treated with hemodialysis (n=25), hemodialysis and filtration (n=21) and peritoneal dialysis (n=10), to observe blood pressure, cytokines levels and efficacy before and after different dialysis treatments. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 56 patients with delayed graft function survived with renal graft. Compared with hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis groups, the incidences of hypotension and postoperative infection were lower in hemodialysis and filtration group (P < 0.01), and the recovery time of renal function was shorter (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the incidences of hypotension and the recovery time of renal function between hemodialysis group and peritoneal dialysis group. The incidence of postoperative infection in the peritoneal dialysis group was higher than that in hemodialysis group (P < 0.01). Levels of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 after hemodialysis and filtration was significantly decreased compared with pre-dialysis levels (P < 0.01), while no significant difference was found before and after the hemodialysis alone (P > 0.05). The present study shows that, hemodialysis and filtration can stabilize the hemodynamics, effectively reduce inflammation, and shorten time for renal function recovery in patients with delayed graft function after transplantation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Endourological techniques for ureteric obstruction in transplanted kidneys He Zhao-hui, Zeng Guo-hua, Chen Wen-zhong, Wu Wen-qi, Zhong Wen, Yuan Jian, Shan Zhi-chang, Li Xun 2012, 16 (31):  5720-5724.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.31.005 Abstract ( 323 )   PDF (355KB) ( 669 )   Save BACKGROUND: Ureteric obstruction is the most common complication after renal transplantation. Traditionally, this complication has been managed with open surgery. Currently, minimally invasive endourological techniques may offer an appropriate alternative to open surgery with the development of endourological techniques and the accumulation of experience. OBJECTIVE: To sum up the clinical effect of endourological techniques on ureteric obstrucion in transplanted kidneys. METHODS: Between February 2001 and October 2010, 23 cases of uretertic obstruction in transplanted kidneys were treated by endoscopical technique. After the obstruction was dilated with balloon or completely cut, two double-J stents were placed in the ureter for 4-6 weeks. During follow-up, renal function tests, B ultrasound examination and wash-out renal scintigraphy were performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Balloon dilation was performed in four patients and endoscopic incision was performed in 19 patients. All procedures resulted in successful incision of the obstruction. No complication was recorded during or after the procedure. At the mean follow-up of 6-108 months, 14 patients have ureteral patency and stable renal function, nine patients presented with recurred obstructive uropathy. Among them, two patients required permanent change of ureteral cathers, one patient required permanent nephrostomy, six patients required open surgical correction (four cases successful and two cases failed). Endourological technique for the ureteric obstruction in transplanted kidney is safe and effective. However, if the first endourological procedure fails, the recurrence rate of repeated endoscopic insicion is high. Related Articles | Metrics

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Transplant renal artery stenosis examined by multi-slice spiral CT angiography Xiang Hua, Xu Xiao-qin, Zhao Dong-qing, Zhang Hui, Rong Jing, Xia Ju-mei, Zheng Hai-yan, Chang Shuai, Wang Wei-zhong, Meng Wei 2012, 16 (31):  5725-5728.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.31.006 Abstract ( 389 )   PDF (380KB) ( 628 )   Save BACKGROUND: Whether a high specificity, no wound and safety examination method can be used in the diagnosis of transplant renal artery stenosis after kidney transplantation. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic value of multi-slice spiral CT angiography in the diagnosis of transplant renal artery stenosis. METHODS: Eleven patients who were doubtful with transplant renal artery stenosis received the transplant renal artery phase enhanced multi-slice spiral CT scanning before operation. The data obtained after scanning was used to process the image after volume rendering, maximum intensity projection, surface reconstruction and multi-planar reconstruction imaging. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All the 11 patients were diagnosed with transplant renal artery stenosis. Multi-slice spiral CT angiography showed that the stenosis degree of 10 patients was 54%-75%, one patients had the stenosis degree that less than 50%. Ten patients had anastomotic stenosis, two patients had truncal stenosis of the renal artery and one patient had transplant renal artery branch stenosis. Multi-slice spiral CT angiography of nine patients showed that the stenosis degree was 75%-95%, and eight patients received stent implantation, one patient had balloon dilatation. One patient was treated with drug therapy and follow-up for 2 years, and 2 years later, the patient suffered renal function further deterioration and refractory hypertension and received stent implantation. One patient was normal in clinical symptoms, and the stenosis degree was less than 50%, and 4-year follow-up results indicated the normal blood pressure and renal function. Among the patients received stent implantation, one patient received balloon dilatation, and the color Doppler flow after 2 years showed the transplant renal artery stenosis, and the multi-slice spiral CT angiography showed the stenosis degree was less than 50%. After followed-up for 51 months, the renal function and the blood pressure were returned to normal level. Multi-slice spiral CT angiography can be used as the basis for the diagnosis of transplant renal artery stenosis, and has some clinical reference value for distinguish the clinically suspected cases, design the treatment options for stent implantation and postoperative follow-up observation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Necessity for lung CT in potential related living kidney donors Li Jin-feng, Feng Gui-wen, Wang Yue, Pang Xin-lu, Shang Wen-jun 2012, 16 (31):  5729-5732.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.31.007 Abstract ( 340 )   PDF (269KB) ( 548 )   Save BACKGROUND: Related donors for kidney transplantation have high age, with a certain incidence rate of pulmonary disease. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence rate of thorax abnormalities among a cohort of potential living kidney donors and assess the necessity of routinely performing thorax computed tomography. METHODS: 127 potential living donors at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University who underwent thorax computed tomography and chest radiography as part of their kidney donor evaluation ranging from July 2009 to April 2011 were identified. Subjects with hypertension, diabetes and blood type incompatibility were excluded. Their radiographic data were reviewed for abnormalities by two radiologists. The effects on approval for kidney donation were also determined. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Among 127 potential kidney donors, the most common abnormalities were pneumonia (15.0%), emphysema (7.9%), parenchymal scarring-fibrosis (6.3%), pleural thickening (3.1%), and pleural effusion (3.1%). CT identified thorax problems more often than did chest radiography except for fibrosis (P < 0.05). Furthermore, pneumonia occurred in a higher proportion in the winter (P < 0.05), while emphysema occurred in a higher proportion in the donors with smoking history (P < 0.01). Nevertheless, the majority of imaging findings are not perceived to be harmful enough to prevent kidney donation, only one case with interstitial lung disease was excluded from donation after poor response to treatment protocol. Results verified that incidental radiographic abnormalities of thorax are common in potential living donors. Living donors, especially smokers or operating in winter season should routinely undertake thorax CT before the operation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of physical exercise on life quality of kidney transplant recipients Min Min, Zuo Fu-jie, Wang Li-ming, Feng Xiao-fang, Zhou Mei-sheng 2012, 16 (31):  5733-5736.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn. 2095-4344.2012.31. 008 Abstract ( 385 )   PDF (335KB) ( 653 )   Save BACKGROUND: A great number of researches abroad have demonstrated that exercise training has beneficial effects on the life quality of kidney transplant recipients. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of physical exercise training on life quality of kidney transplant recipients. METHODS: Fifty-three patients with renal transplantation were randomly divided into experimental group (n=28) and control group (n=25). The patients in the experimental group received systematic physical exercise training and continued at least 6 months and patients in the control group without physical exercise training. Fifty-one cases of hemodialysis patients were randomly selected to compare the differences of life quality with kidney transplant recipients. Health survey was used for the life quality scores. The eight dimensions, such as physical function, and social function were compared between two groups after systematic physical exercise for 6 months. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Exercising patients had higher scores in the physical functioning, physical performance, bodily pain, vitality, role-emotional functioning and social functioning scales than the ones in the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in role-emotional functioning, mental health and social functional areas (P > 0.05). After 6 months physical exercise, the scores in the experimental group and the control group were increased compared with those at 6 months after transplantation. In the control group, the vitality, role-emotional functioning and social functioning scales were not improved obviously. Compared with the control group, the physical functioning, physical performance, bodily pain, vitality, role-emotional functioning and social functioning scales in the experimental group were increased obviously (P < 0.05). Evidence gathered from the studies shows that physical exercise has beneficial effects on the life quality of kidney transplant recipients. Related Articles | Metrics

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Percutaneous biopsy of renal allograft: Analysis of pathological and clinical value in 20 cases Pei Xiang-ke, Han Yong, Wang Qiang, Xu Liang, Guo Hui, Shi Bing-yi, Cai Ming 2012, 16 (31):  5737-5741.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.31.009 Abstract ( 436 )   PDF (586KB) ( 662 )   Save BACKGROUND: To determine the cause of graft renal dysfunction after renal transplantation based on the clinical manifestations, non-invasive examinations and clinical experience is often in trouble, percutaneous renal biopsy can provide important evidence-based theory. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical significance of renal allograft biopsy. METHODS: Pathological data of 20 patients with renal allograft biopsy and the clinical outcome of accordingly adjusted treatment were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Acute rejection occurred in seven cases (35.0%), doubtful acute rejection occurred in two cases (10.0%), doubtful acute rejection combined drug poisoning occurred in one cases (5.0%), drug poisoning occurred in three cases (15.0%), chronic allograft nephropathy occurred in three cases (15.0 %), no obvious abnormality occurred in three cases (15.0%), acute renal tubular necrosis occurred in one case (5.0%). After therapeutic regimen was adjusted, graft function of nine cases (45%) returned to normal, seven cases (35%) improved, three cases (15%) did not change markedly and one case (5%) deteriorated slightly. Renal graft biopsy is important for the etiological diagnosis of the graft function deterioration after kidney transplantation and is in favor of the adjustment of the therapeutic regimen. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor on the survival of autologous free fat particles after transplantation Yang Lin, Yue Yi-gang 2012, 16 (31):  5742-5746.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.31.010 Abstract ( 420 )   PDF (636KB) ( 496 )   Save BACKGROUND: The micro-angiogenesis is the key to the survival of the fat cells. Research shows vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor can promote blood vessel growth. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor on the survival of fat particles after transplantation. METHODS: Fifty SD rats were divided into five groups, and the autologous greater omentum was transplanted to the rat back, and then added normal saline, 50 μg/L vascular endothelial growth factor, 50 μg/L basic fibroblast growth factor, 50 μg/L vascular endothelial growth factor+50 μg/L basic fibroblast growth factor and 100 μg/L vascular endothelial growth factor+100 μg/L basic fibroblast growth factor, respectively. At 15 and 30 days after transplantation, rats were killed to remove the graft. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The graft residual weight and vascular density in 100 μg/L vascular endothelial growth factor+100 μg/L basic fibroblast growth factor experimental group was significantly higher than those in the other three groups and the difference was significant (P < 0.05), there was no significant difference among the other four groups (P > 0.05). The combination of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor can significantly promote the fat particles to survive. Related Articles | Metrics

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Allogenic bone-patellar tendon-bone graft for the treatment of chronic lateral collateral ligament injury of the knee Zhang Yan, Luo Yu-chun, Li Kun, Wang Ya-dong, Fan Rong 2012, 16 (31):  5747-5750.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn. 2095-4344.2012.31. 011 Abstract ( 285 )   PDF (364KB) ( 563 )   Save BACKGROUND: Allogeneic tissue transplantation has become a choice of ligament graft and reconstruction, and allogenic bone-patellar tendon-bone graft is a method for lateral collateral ligament reconstruction. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical effect of allogenic bone-patellar tendon-bone graft for chronic lateral collateral ligament injury. METHODS: From April 2008 to December 2009, 11 cases of Ⅲ degree chronic lateral collateral ligament injury were selected and treated with lateral collateral ligament reconstruction by allogenic bone-patellar tendon-bone graft. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All patients were followed-up for 12-15 months. The wound healed by first intention. The movement ranges of the knee were significantly increased preoperatively (P < 0.05). The Lysholm scroe at the last follow-up was significantly increased as compared with preoperatively. Preoperative varus stress radiographs demonstrated the knee lateral joint space increase of 8 to 20 (12.9±3.5) mm in average compared with the contralateral, the knee lateral joint space was 2-3 (1.0±1.9) mm at 6 months postoperatively, and there was a significant difference (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference when compared with the healthy side (P > 0.05). Reconstruction of the lateral collateral ligament with allogenic bone-patellar tendon-bone graft is a viable option to treat chronic lateral collateral ligament tears, and can restore normal varus stability, and plays a protect effect on other soft fissue repair. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of allogeneic frozen bone graft with external fixator to repair massive bone defects Sha Yong, Li Chun-xiao, Xu Yong-qing, Li Fu-bing, Ma Tao, Li Jun, Ding Jing, Jiang Mu-yao, Zhao Wan-qiu 2012, 16 (31):  5751-5754.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.31.012 Abstract ( 333 )   PDF (404KB) ( 403 )   Save BACKGROUND: A large number of allogeneic bones have been applied in the clinical treatment due to the development of low temperature, cells, immune, and sterilization technology which brings hope to patients with all kinds of large bone defects. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of allogeneic frozen bone graft with external fixator on repair of massive bone defect. METHODS: Large bone defects in 36 patients were repaired by allogeneic frozen bone graft and external fixator. The mechanical support and fixation were provided and the regular return visits were preformed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The patients were followed-up for 1-24 months. Among these 36 cases, one case was lost and all the other 35 cases showed primary bone healing. The mean healing time was 9-20 months. No obvious immune rejection to the grafts was observed in most of the patients in early operation. The joint activity and body weight was good. Some patients showed mild limb swelling, three cases of slight swelling and pain were appeared around the incision, four cases of patients with more wound exudates and the bacterial culture was negative. Smear staining showed that there were plasma cells, lymphocytes and few neutrophils which may due to the chronic immune rejection. After dressing and application of prednisone for 3 days, the secretions were reduced and all the incisions were healed. Allogeneic frozen bone graft with external fixator is a useful and reliable reconstructive method for the treatment of large bone defect. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of vein intubatton in monitoring and preventing vascular crisis after free flap grafting Hu Guang-wei, Liao Tian-an, Wang Hong, Qiu Xun-yong 2012, 16 (31):  5755-5758.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.31.013 Abstract ( 430 )   PDF (418KB) ( 653 )   Save BACKGROUND: Local thrombosis of vascular anastomosis is still the main reason of failure and necrosis of free flap grafting. OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical application value of vein intubatton in monitoring and preventing vascular crisis after free flap grafting. METHODS: 102 cases of tongue, gena and mandible carcinomas tissue defects were reconstructed by free radical forearm flaps, fibular osteocutaneous flap and iliac osteomusculocutaneous flap were divided into two groups. The patients in the experimental group (n=50) were treated with vein intubatton from distal vein of free flap by which dilute heparin saline were given as needed, intravenous drip dextran-40 were given, average 20 mL/h and lasted for 7 days. The patients in the control group (n=52) were treated with intravenous drip dextran-40 of 500 mL once a day. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 50 flaps in the experimental group were all survived without occurring vascular crisis, while three flaps in the control group had venous crisis, two of them were not successfully salvaged. It shows that the application of vein intubatton in free flap graft can monitor blood supply of free flap continuously, prevent venous thrombosis effectively and improve flap survival. Related Articles | Metrics

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Ceftazidime-heparin lock therapy prevents deep vein catheter related infections in hemodialysis patients Wang Tao, Zhang Fan, Wei Meng, Mo Li-wen, Guo Dong-yang, Cheng Yue 2012, 16 (31):  5759-5762.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn. 2095-4344.2012.31. 014 Abstract ( 535 )   PDF (377KB) ( 723 )   Save BACKGROUND: Deep vein catheter related infection is one of the serious complications of hemodialysis, which leads to the cessation of hemodialysis and even death of patients. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical effect of antibiotic-heparin lock therapy on prevention of deep vein catheter related infections in hemodialysis patients. METHODS: 348 patients with chronic renal failure were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. After administration of deep vein catheter, ceftazidime-heparin lock therapy and heparin lock therapy were performed in experimental group and control group respectively. The incidences of catheter related infection, catheter blocking, local bleeding and unexpected catheter loss in two groups were recorded and compared. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the experimental group, incidence of catheter related infection was significantly lower than that in the control group (P=0.001). The incidences of blood stream infection and catheter colonization in experimental group were significantly lower than those in control group (P=0.017, P=0.026), but there was no significant difference in the incidence of local catheter related infection, blood stream infection and catheter colonization between the two groups (P=0.300, P=0.431, P=0.535, P= 0.634). Antibiotic-heparin lock therapy can significantly decrease the incidence of deep vein catheter related infections, which is an effective, safe and easy method with great potential in clinical application. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of hyperbaric oxygen on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and tumor necrosis factor alpha in the aqueous humour after penetrating keratoplasty in rabbits Xie Ying-bin, Wang Qiang, Lei Ning-yu, Zhang Lei, Ren Li 2012, 16 (31):  5763-5767.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.31.015 Abstract ( 338 )   PDF (445KB) ( 528 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies had demonstrated that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) may play an important role in immunologic rejection after penetrating keratoplasty, but the interactions between hyperbaric oxygen, VEGF and TNF-α remains unclear． OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen on the expression of VEGF and TNF-α in the aqueous humour after penetrating keratoplasty, and to study the relationship between VEGF, TNF-α and cornea transplantation immunologic rejection. METHODS: We used the chicken to rabbit model of penetrating heterograft. Sixteen healthy New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into two groups: control group and hyperbaric oxygen group. The rabbits in the hyperbaric oxygen group were treated with hyperbaric oxygen from the 1st day to the 6th day after operation, and the rabbits in the control group were not treated with hyperbaric oxygen. The level of VEGF and TNF-α were determined dynamically by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay on 3, 7, 14, and 28 days after surgery. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The TNF-α and VEGF expression could be seen in the aqueous humour of normal rabbits, and the levels were increased in early postoperative days, which had a significant difference statistically before and after surgery (P < 0.05). In the acute rejection period, at 14 days after transplantation, the quantity of TNF-α and VEGF reached their peak respectively, The content of TNF-α and VEGF in the hyperbaric oxygen group were obviously lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Hyperbaric oxygen can effectively reduce the level of VEGF and TNF-α and inhibit the immune response after keratoplasty. Related Articles | Metrics

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Risk factors for the long-term survival of patients after lung transplantation Chen Ying, Chen Jing-yu 2012, 16 (31):  5768-5771.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.31.016 Abstract ( 364 )   PDF (346KB) ( 524 )   Save BACKGROUND: The number of lung transplantation cases in China is few, and the reason why the survival time after lung transplantation is shorter than that after other organ transplantation is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the influence factors of long-term survival after lung transplantation. METHODS: A retrospective analysis on the clinical data of 61 cases of patients with end-stage lung disease was preformed after lung transplantation. The patients were divided into two groups according to the survival time of follow-up. The survival time of observation group (n=29) was over 3 years and the control group (n=32) was less than 1 year. The general characteristics of patients, surgical (single or double lung transplantation), pulmonary artery pressure, application of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were compared by muhivariable logistic regression model. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Statistics analysis confirmed that age (≥ 50 years), pulmonary hypertension before lung transplantation, acute rejection and severe pulmonary infection are the independent risk factors that could influence the long-term survival of patients after lung transplantation. As for end-stage lung disease treated with lung transplantation, the selection of favorable patients, reducing mean pulmonary artery pressure preoperatively, use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation during transplantation, precaution of pulmonary infection after transplantation and strict immunosuppressive therapy are the important measures to prolong the survival time of the patients. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of cycloxygenase-2 in autologous vein grafts and its association with stenosis of grafted vein Huang Jian-bing, Hu Feng-qing, Mei Ju, Ding Fang-bao 2012, 16 (31):  5772-5776.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.31.017 Abstract ( 370 )   PDF (718KB) ( 463 )   Save BACKGROUND: Cycloxygenase-2 is the enzyme closely related to inflammatory reaction. Its expression may be associated with stenosis of grafted vein. OBJECTIVE: To study the cycloxygenase-2 expression in the transplanted vein, and to investigate the relevance between cycloxygenase-2 expression and stenosis of grafted vein. METHODS: The experiment was divided into two groups. The autogenously vein graft rabbit models were established in two groups, and the models in the experimental group were intervened by cycloxygenase-2 inhibitors and the models in the control group were fed normally after modeling. The cycloxygenase-2 expression and the proliferation of venous wall in the transplanted models were observed after vein transplantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All the autogenously graft vein remain patency. The cycloxygenase-2 expression was not obvious in the normal vein and increased significantly in the transplanted vein. The cycloxygenase-2 mRNA expression in the transplanted vein of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group, the thickening degree of the intimal and medial of transplanted vein in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group. Cycloxygenase-2 expression increased significantly in the transplanted vein, and inhibition the cycloxygenase-2 expression can slow down hyperplasia of transplanted vein. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of cyclosporine A on epithelial cells in a mouse trachea transplantation model Li Chao, Bao Fang, Wang Lin-mao, Zheng Hui, Chen Chang, Gao Wen 2012, 16 (31):  5777-5782.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.31.018 Abstract ( 372 )   PDF (561KB) ( 548 )   Save BACKGROUND: The regeneration and integrity of tracheal epithelial plays a key role in the prevention of bronchiolitis obliterans after lung transplantation. OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of cyclosporine A administration on the proliferation of epithelial cells in heterotopic transplanted trachea models. METHODS: Tracheas from BALB/c mice were heterotopically transplanted to C57BL/6 mice to establish the heterotopic transplanted trachea model. The recipient mice were randomly divided, recipient mice in the experimental group were received 25mg/(kg•d) cyclosporine A injection, while the rest recipients in the control group did not have cyclosporine A injection. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The pathological examination of transplanted trachea showed that cyclosporine A could delay the progress of epithelial cells’ stripping and fibrosis and depress the lymphocyte infiltration in heterotopic tracheal transplantation model. However, cyclosporine A did not prevent the final occurrence of graft obliteration. Quantitative analysis showed that cyclosporine A could slow down the decreasing process of epithelial ciliated cell and the proliferation peaks of epithelial cells and accelerate the apoptosis peaks of epithelial cells. Cytokines measurement showed that cyclosporine A could promote the secretion of interleukin-4 and interferon gamma γ in the early days after transplantation, and it could inhibit the secretion in the middle and advanced stage. Related Articles | Metrics

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Pathological assessment of part liquid ventilation in the protection of non-heart-beating donor lung Yan Yu-bo, Cui Jian, Zhang Kai, Cao Shou-qiang, Liu Cheng, Xin Yan-zhong, Zhao Gui-bin, Han Jing-quan, Dong Qing, Zhang Xiang-yu, Li Ji-yao 2012, 16 (31):  5783-5787.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.31.019 Abstract ( 364 )   PDF (487KB) ( 513 )   Save BACKGROUND: How to protect the non-heart-beating donor lung in the warm ischemia period in order to reduce the primary graft dusfunction after transplantation is the most important issue to all the researchers and clinicians. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of part liquid ventilation in the protection of non-heart-beating donor lung from pathology. METHODS: Thirty-six health SD rats were randomly divided into three groups. Homemade 16G deep vein needle lien was used for endotracheal intubation and connected to a respirator machine with mechanical ventilation. The KACL solution was injected into the jugular and lead to the rat sudden death, the multi-channel physiological detector was used to continuous record the blood pressure, the model was successful when the blood pressure was 0 mmHg. After the models were established, the models in the normal mechanical ventilation group were preformed with mechanical ventilation for 2 hours; the models in the saline group and the perfluoro carbon group were given oxygen ventilation for 5 minutes, then injected with the equivalent of the functional residual capacity of the oxygen salt and high oxygen perfluoro carbons (10 mL/kg) by endotracheal intubation, and mechanical ventilation for 2 hours. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: General observation showed that the lung of saline group was swelling, the sheet surface of lung tissue was bleeding, the lung was dark red, airway edema with bloody fluid; the lung of oxygen group was less swelling and less bleeding points of lung surface; in the perfluoro carbon group, the lung tissue inflammatory cell infiltration and edema was reduced. Light microscope observation of saline group and oxygen group showed that there was diffuse alveolar and interstitial hyperemia and edema, a large number of inflammatory cell infiltration could be seen in the bronchial wall and capillaries surrounding, the alveolar was over-expansion and the alveolar wall was ruptured; the lung tissue structure in the perfluoro carbon group was more complete and no significant damage. The results show that partial liquid ventilation can play a very good role in the protection of the non-heart-beating donor lungs. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Guifu rehmaniae bolus on preventing chronic graft versus host disease in major histocompatibilty complex halpo-identical bone marrow transplantation mice Wu Shun-jie, Liang Kai-wen, Wu Yuan-bin, Zhou Jian, Tu San-fang 2012, 16 (31):  5788-5792.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.31.020 Abstract ( 480 )   PDF (492KB) ( 619 )   Save BACKGROUND: At present, the method for the treatment of chronic graft versus host disease is not ideal due the adverse reactions, founding the traditional Chinese medicine for effective intervention and treatment of chronic graft versus host disease is one of the common focuses of attention for the transplant scholars. OBJECTIVE: To observe effect of Guifu rehmaniae bolus on preventing chronic graft versus host disease in major histocompatibilty complex halpo-identical bone marrow transplantation mice. METHODS: Transplantation models of major histocompatibilty complex halpo-identical hematopoietic stem cells transplantation mice were established by transplanting the hematopoietic stem cells of male Balb/cH-2d mice to female (Balb/c×C57BL/6) F1 H-2d/b (CB6F1) mice. After transplantation, 24 recipient mice were divided into two groups: Guifu rehmaniae bolus group and blank group, mice in the Guifu rehmaniae bolus group were lavaged from the first day after transplantation with 0.2 mL Guifu rehmaniae bolus liquid twice per day; mice in the blank group were lavaged with the same dose of normal saline and lasted for 100 days. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Five mice died in the Guifu rehmaniae bolus group, and all mice died in the blank group at 86 days after transplantation (P=0.004). The mice in the blank group depressed at 35 days after transplantation and the mice in the Guifu rehmaniae bolus group depressed at 45 days after transplantation, and the clinical score in the blank group was significantly higher than that in the Guifu rehmaniae bolus group (P < 0.05). Pathological observation showed that the mice with chronic graft versus host disease in Guifu rehmaniae bolus group mostly classified from 0 to 1 grade. Compared with blank group, the liver, skin and small intestine tissue of the mice in Guifu rehmaniae bolus group were improved. Guifu rehmaniae bolus can relieve symptoms of chronic graft versus host disease in major histocompatibilty complex halpo-identical bone marrow transplantation mice effectively and prolong their survival time, and improve histologic manifestations. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of interactions between direct and indirect cultured uterine natural killer cells and dendritic cells of mice Wang Jing, Wang Wei, Weng Jing 2012, 16 (31):  5793-5798.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.31.021 Abstract ( 302 )   PDF (548KB) ( 592 )   Save BACKGROUND: It has been known that uterine natural killer cells and dendritic cells have crosstalk, but the way of the interactions is controversial. OBJECTIVE: To contrast the interactions between direct and indirect cultured uterine natural killer cells and dendritic cells of mice and then to investigate the way of their interaction. METHODS: Dendritic cells and uterine natural killer cells were co-cultured via direct contact (direct co-culture group). Dendritic cells and uterine natural killer cells were cultured in Transwell system (indirect co-culture group). Cellular morphology was observed. The concentrations of interleukin-10, interleukin-12 and transforming growth factor-β? in supernatant were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expressions of cell surface markers CD86 was detected by flow cytometry. RSULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with dendritic cells and uterine natural killer cells, the concentrations of interleukin-10, interleukin-12 and transforming growth factor-the supernatant of co-culture groups were greatly increased (P < 0.05), especially the levels of the interleukin-10 (P < 0.05), the expression of CD86 of co-culture groups were also increased (P < 0.05). The concentrations of interleukin-10, interleukin-12 and transforming growth factor-β in the supernatant and the expression of CD86 of direct co-culture group were higher than those of indirect co-culture group (P < 0.05). Uterine natural killer cells can promote the maturity of dendritic cells, and dendritic cells are able to facilitate the secretion of uterine natural killer cells. The interaction way is depended on cell-cell contact. Related Articles | Metrics

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Octreotide effects on the proliferation and apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells Zhou Xian, Xia Guo-dong, Fu Xiang-sheng 2012, 16 (31):  5799-5803.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.31.022 Abstract ( 295 )   PDF (493KB) ( 462 )   Save BACKGROUND: The proliferation and apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells play an important role in the development of hepatocirrhosis. Octreotide that is a somatostatin derivative widely used in clinic has many biological effects, but the effect of octreotide on the proliferation and apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of octreotide on the proliferation and apoptosis of rat hepatic stellate cells. METHODS: The passage cells of hepatic stellate cells lines HSC-T6 were collected. The effect of different concentrations (1×10-2, 1×10-3, 1×10-4, 1×10-5, 1×10-6, 0 mmol/L) of octreotide on the proliferation of hepatic stellate cells was detected with MTT assay after induced for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells after induced by different concentration octreotide (1×10-5, 1×10-2 mmol/L) for 24 hours was evaluated by TUNEL staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The higher concentration and longer induction time of octreotide, the inhibitional effect of octreotide on the proliferation of hepatic stellate cells was more obvious (in a dose- and time-dependent manner). The apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells was obviously raised with the increased concentration of octreotide. The results showed that the octreotide inhibited the proliferation of hepatic stellate cells in a dose (0-1x10-2 mmol/L)- and time (24, 48, 72 hours)-dependent manner and could induce the apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of hepatic regenerative capacity between male and female mice after chemical hepatic injuries Liu Yurong,Xiong Xi-feng, Xu Li-ping, Feng Shi-jun, Sun Wen-han 2012, 16 (31):  5804-5809.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.31.023 Abstract ( 334 )   PDF (899KB) ( 546 )   Save BACKGROUND: Many factors can influence the regeneration ability of liver. However, whether the effect of gender is one of the important factors during the liver repairing is uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To compare the hepatic regenerative capacity between male and female mice after chemical injuries. METHODS: Mouse models of acute chemical liver injury were established by carbon tetrachloride subcutaneous injection. 120 mice were divided into two groups: glycogen staining group and 5-bromodeoxyuridine group, 60 mice in each group, half male and half female. The intact liver was removed to be weighed on 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 days. The mice were weighed before operation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The liver/body mass ratio in female mice was recovered at 7 days, but the ratio of the male mice was decreased. There was no distinct difference in the liver/body mass ratio between different genders at different time points (P > 0.05). The main injured sites of the liver induced by carbon tetrachloride was portal area and board area around the hepatic lobule, the liver cells presented with fatty degeneration, and the spotty necrosis was seen in the liver tissue. The female mice glycogen staining was darker than male group at 1, 5 and 7 days (P < 0.05). The liver 5-bromodeoxyuridine labeling index of female mice was higher than that of male mice at 3 days after liver injury (P < 0.05). There was no difference at 1, 5 and 7 days (P > 0.05). As a result, the recover ability after liver injury of female mice is more obvious than that of male mice, especially at 7 days, so different gender mice has different recover ability after liver injury. Related Articles | Metrics

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Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate effects on cell apoptosis in a model of renal ischemia/reperfusion injury Li Dan, Zhou Hai-yan, Zhang Wei, Xu Yan 2012, 16 (31):  5810-5816.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.31.024 Abstract ( 324 )   PDF (535KB) ( 395 )   Save BACKGROUND: Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) induces the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which leading to activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). NF-κB regulates production of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), resulting in increased nitric oxide production and triggering apoptosis. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the potential protective effect of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate effects on NF-κB, iNOS, nitric oxide, caspase-3 and cell apoptotic index in the kidney after I/R. METHODS: Healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: I/R group: underwent 45 minutes of left renal ischemia and contralateral nephrectomy, established rats renal I/R model. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) group: rats were administered PDTC (100 mg/kg intravenous bolus 30 minutes prior to I/R). Sham group: no I/R management. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with sham group, NF-κB, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, iNOS, nitric oxide, caspase-3 expression and apoptosis were increased (P < 0.05). Compared with I/R group, above-mentioned indices in the PDTC group were improved. These indicate that renal I/R injury could cause renal injury and apoptosis, which was associated with NF-κB induced high expression of nitric oxide. NF-κB inhibitor PDTC obviously protects renal I/R injury. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Archen on apoptosis of rat glomerular mesangial cells cultured with high glucose Wei Qun-li, Guo Yu, Yin Xiao-xing, Li Yan, Fang Hui 2012, 16 (31):  5817-5822.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.31.025 Abstract ( 329 )   PDF (648KB) ( 737 )   Save BACKGROUND: Our previous study has already manifested that Chinese medicine Xiaokening (prepared rhubarb, radix aconiti lateralis preparata and astragalus) can effectively control the development of early diabetic nephropathy and gained a national patent (patent No.200410064899X) OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Archen on the apoptosis of rat glomerular mesangial cells cultured with high glucose. METHODS: Glomerular mesangial cells were stimulated by different concentrations of Archen (20, 40 and 80 μmol/L). The morphology of apoptotic cells was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Karyon apoptosis was examined by fluorescence staining of 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole. Cell apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The outcome of hematoxylin-eosin staining and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole fluorescence staining indicated that Archen could obviously induce the apoptosis of glomerular mesangial cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. There was significant difference of the apoptosis rate between groups (P < 0.05). This result shows that Archen can obviously induce apoptosis of glomerular mesangial cells in dose- and time-dependent manner. Related Articles | Metrics

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Hydrogen sulfide increases the expression of insulin-like growth factor Ⅰ, nuclear factor kappa B and tumor necrosis factor alpha in a rat hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury model Wang Hai-jiu, Ren Li, Deng Yong, Wang Cong, Li Yan-fei, Yangdan Cai-rang, Fan Hai-ning 2012, 16 (31):  5823-5827.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.31.026 Abstract ( 393 )   PDF (625KB) ( 361 )   Save BACKGROUND: Hydrogen sulfide is a novel gaseous signal molecule, which can inhibit Ca2+ influx, open KATP channel and balance oxidation-reduction and exert other specific functions at physiological concentrations. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of hydrogen sulfide on the expression of insulin-like growth factor Ⅰ, nuclear factor κB and tumor necrosis factor α in the rat hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury model. METHODS: Seventy SD rats were randomly divided into seven groups: sham operation, 20-minute ischemia group, 20-minute ischemia+2 and 4 hours reperfusion group, sodium hydrosulfide+20-minute ischemia group, and sodium hydrosulfide+20-minute ischemia+2 and 4 hours reperfusion group. Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion model were established by Pringle method for each group except the sham operation group. Sodium hydrosulfide+20-minute ischemia group and sodium hydrosulfide+20-minute ischemia+2 and 4 hours reperfusion group were intraperitoneally injected with 56 μmol/kg sodium hydrosulfide each day for the 5 days before surgery. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The expression of insulin-like growth factor Ⅰ, nuclear factor κB and tumor necrosis factor α were significantly decreased in the ischemic rat liver tissue (P < 0.05); in comparison with the ischemia groups, both reperfusion and intraperitoneal injection of sodium hydrosulfide could significantly increase the expression of insulin-like growth factorⅠ, nuclear factor κB and tumor necrosis factor α (P < 0.05). It suggests that reperfusion after whole-liver ischemia can cause liver damage, and sodium hydrosulfide can protect the liver by increasing the expression of insulin-like growth factor Ⅰ, nuclear factor κB and tumor necrosis factor α in rat hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury model. Related Articles | Metrics

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Protective effect of Shenshuai Xiezhuo decoction on endothelial cells damage in rats Yang Jun-ping, Qiu Li-ying, Wei Gu-wei, Wen Juan 2012, 16 (31):  5828-5832.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.31.027 Abstract ( 256 )   PDF (473KB) ( 472 )   Save BACKGROUND: The clinical treatment by Shenshuai Xiezhuo decoction is mainly depending on eliminate turbid fluid and remove toxic and invigorating spleen and kidney. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effects of Shenshuai Xiezhuo decoction on endothelial cells damage of chronic renal failure (CRF) rats and the regulation effect on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor. METHODS: Sixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, low-dose group, middle-dose group, high-dose group and Cozaar group. The rats in the last five groups were used to establish the CRF model induced by adenine induction; rats in the low-dose group, middle-dose group and high-dose group were gavaged with 6, 12 and 24 g/(kg·d) Shenshuai Xiezhuo decoction; rats in the losartan potassium group were injected with losartan potassium. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the model group, the content of serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen, β2-microglobulin (MG), urine micro-albumin (mALB), serum soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1), VEGF, von willebrand factor Ⅷ (VWF) and the kidney index in the treatment groups were decreased significantly (P < 0.05), and there was a positive correlation between with β2MG, mALB, SCr and urea nitrogen. Evident alleviation of nephridial tissue injury was appeared in the treatment groups, especially in the middle-dose group and the losartan potassium group. Shenshuai Xiezhuo decoction is effective on decreasing the content of SCr, urea nitrogen, β2MG and mALB, and can delay the chronic renal failure. The mechanism may relate with regulating the content of sICAM-1, VEGF and VWF. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of Golgi protein-73 in the liver tissue of patients with benign end-stage liver diseases Shan Shan, Chen Hong, Wang Le-tian 2012, 16 (31):  5833-5836.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn. 2095-4344.2012.31. 028 Abstract ( 361 )   PDF (392KB) ( 510 )   Save BACKGROUND: Golgi protein-73 is a glycoprotein which discovered with the proteomics technology development. It has close relation with acute and chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular cancer. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of Golgi protein-73 in liver tissue of the patients with benign end-stage liver diseases and normal liver tissue, and to analyze their clinical significance and prognostic value. METHODS: 113 specimens of liver transplantation for patients with benign end-stage liver disease and 10 normal liver specimens were included in the study. The expressions of Golgi protein-73 in these specimens were detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Golgi protein-73 expression levels in specimens of liver transplantation for patients with benign end-stage liver diseases were higher than those in normal liver specimens without liver disease. Golgi protein-73 expression levels in specimens of autoimmune hepatitis cirrhosis were higher than those in hepatitis B cirrhosis. There was no significant difference of Golgi protein-73 expression among all other groups. Golgi glycoprotein 73 expression in autoimmune hepatitis depended non-viral pathway was higher than that in HBV viral way. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of fibronectin in the kidney of rats with renal interstitial fibrosis Cheng Hong-xin, Yang Xiao-ping, Jiang Ya-hong, Lin Zhi-feng, Zhao Jin, Tao Lin 2012, 16 (31):  5837-5842.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.31.029 Abstract ( 330 )   PDF (623KB) ( 418 )   Save BACKGROUND: The increasing of the fibronectin expression plays an important role in the process of renal interstitial fibrosis. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of fibronectin in the kidney of the rats with renal interstitial fibrosis. METHODS: Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal control group (n=24), sham-operation group (n=24) and model group (n=24) by touching ball method. Rats in the model group were used to establish the unilateral ureteral obstruction model, the rats in the sham-operation group received the open surgery and the left ureter was freed, and the rats in the normal control group received no treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Histological observations of renal tissues revealed that the degree of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis of rats in the model group was significantly increased when compared with the normal control group and sham-operated group after unilateral ureteral obstruction, and it was increased gradually accompanying with the increasing of obstruction degree. The expression of fibronectin, matrix metalloproteinase-9 and transforming growth factor β1 in renal tissue of model group was significantly increased, and it was increased gradually accompanying with the increasing of obstruction degree, they all reached the maximum at the 14th day after modeling, there was significant difference in the model group when compared with normal control group and sham-operation group (P < 0.05). It indicated that in the process of the renal interstitial fibrosis in unilateral ureteral obstruction rats, the expression of fibronectin was elevated from the early stage of renal injury and positively associated with fibrosis stage, and then promoted the renal fibrosis. The higher protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 might be one of reasons for increasing the renal interstitial fibrosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes of endothelin-1 in the protective effect of limb ischemia preconditioning on hepatic injury following limb ischemia reperfusion in rats Zhao Lin-jing, Zhao Jun-qiang, Yang Bao-sheng, Zhang Jin-ying 2012, 16 (31):  5843-5847.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.31.030 Abstract ( 343 )   PDF (479KB) ( 467 )   Save BACKGROUND: Endothelin-1 is the strongest vasoconstrictor substance in vivo. To study the changes of endothelin-1 in limb ischemia preconditioning against hepatic injury following limb ischemia reperfusion in rats may help us to evaluate the protective effect of limb ischemia preconditioning on hepatic injury from the aspect of the hepatic microcirculation. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the changes of endothelin-1 in the protective effect of limb ischemia preconditioning on hepatic injury following hind limbs ischemia reperfusion in rats. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups (n=8): control group, limb ischemia-reperfusion group and limb ischemia preconditioning group. The rat in the limb ischemia-reperfusion group were performed with pre-blocking pairs of hind limb blood flow for 5 minutes with rubber, and then restored the perfusion for 5 minutes, repeated the ischemic preconditioning for four times. In the limb ischemia-reperfusion group and limb ischemia preconditioning group, the rat hind limb roots were ligated by rubber band, the blood flow was released after blocked for 4 hours, and then the blood flow perfusion was restored for 4 hours to prepare the limb ischemia-reperfusion model. The rats were infused with saline through left external jugular vein catheterization at 20 minutes before reperfusion. In the control group, the rat hind limbs were loosely circled with the rubber band but not to block the blood flow, and the following procedures were same to the operation in the limb ischemia-reperfusion group and limb ischemia preconditioning group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The levels of endothelin-1, hyaluronic acid (HA), malondialdehyde (MDA), alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) in plasma and the contents of endothelin-1, MDA and myeloperoxide (MPO) in liver tissue were increased following LIR (P < 0.05); Compared with the limb ischemia-reperfusion group, the levels of endothelin-1, HA, MDA, ALT and AST in plasma and the contents of endothelin-1, HA, MDA and MPO in liver tissue were significantly decreased (P > 0.05) in the limb ischemia preconditioning group. The results of the light microscope clued that the hepatic cells swelling and the hepatic funiculus were irregular in the limb ischemia-reperfusion group while the liver injury were alleviated in the limb ischemia preconditioning group. The protection effect of limb ischemia preconditioning on hepatic injury following limbs ischemia reperfusion in rats may relate to the improvement of microcirculation in the liver by restraining the vasoconstrictive action of endothelin-1, which is perhaps related to improving the aggregation of neutrophil and alleviating the damage of the lipid peroxidation following the low content of endothelin-1. Related Articles | Metrics

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Cell transplantation for the treatment of refractory pain in cancer patients Li Xiao, Ma Chao 2012, 16 (31):  5848-5852.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.31.031 Abstract ( 359 )   PDF (629KB) ( 637 )   Save BACKGROUND: It is necessary to explore a new way to ease the pain in cancer patients, because this is very important to extend their survival and maximally increase their living level. OBJECTIVE: To review the status and advances of cell transplantation for refractory pain. METHODS: PubMed and Wanfang databases were retrieved by computer for articles published from January 2000 to August 2011 with key words of “enkephalin, chromaffin cells, pheochromocytoma cells, human pheochromocytoma cells, transplantation analgesia” in English and Chinese, respectively. A total of 97 articles were retrieved containing 13 reviews and 84 experimental studies. Thirty-two articles directly related to cell transplantation for refractory pain and published in authoritative magazines were included to review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Cell transplantation is a new technique for treating the refractory pain. A lot of animal experiments and clinical trials have confirmed the analgesic effect. Pheochromocytoma cells transplantation to relieve the pain was introduced by our team, which has been demonstrated in the previous animal experiments. Human pheochromocytoma provides the source of cells for transplant therapy of the refractory pain. At the same time, there are lots of problems to be further solved and investigated. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical application of immunosuppressive agents in corneal graft rejection Wang Yang, Xing Chun-sheng, Zhou Xing, Wang Lei, Han Hong-guang 2012, 16 (31):  5853-5860.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.31.032 Abstract ( 470 )   PDF (550KB) ( 546 )   Save BACKGROUND: Immune rejection of corneal transplantation is a complex reaction, typically including leukocyte antigen sensitization and host response to allogeneic tissue antigens. The failure of corneal transplantation is mainly due to immune rejection. Effective prevention of corneal allograft rejection in the eye treatment is a practical problem to be solved. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the application of immunosuppressive agents in corneal graft rejection. METHODS: A retrieval was performed for articles addressing the application and effect of immunosuppressive agents in corneal graft rejection, using key words of “keratoplasty/corneal transplantation, immunological rejection, immunosuppressant, cyclosporine A, tacrolimus, rapamycin” in Scopus database (2002/2011). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Immune rejection involves multiple factors. High-risk corneal diseases, such as high-vascularized cornea, infectious corneal ulcer, repeat transplantation, particularly increase the probability of rejection and result in an earlier occurrence of rejections, moreover, the time span is longer after surgery. Corneal transplantation rejection is a complex process, and we have made progress in its prevention and treatment. However, the rejection is still the leading cause of corneal graft failure. The experts are constantly trying to apply the new drugs and treatment measures to improve the corneal graft survival, in order to make the receptor to maintain a normal immune response inducing or establishing donor-specific immune tolerance. Immunosuppressive agents in corneal graft rejection are indispensable. This paper provides a valuable reference for researchers to understand the overview and present situation of this field. Related Articles | Metrics

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Development trends of research on the rejection after liver transplantation in China Hu Xu-guang, Nan Jin-niang, Li Hong-xiu 2012, 16 (31):  5861-5870.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.31.033 Abstract ( 722 )   PDF (861KB) ( 664 )   Save BACKGROUND: Patients with end-stage liver disease can be treated through whole liver transplantation or part liver transplantation. With the occurrence of new immunosuppressive drugs, the incidence rate of rejection after liver transplantation is significantly decreased, and the survival rate of patients is improved. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the literatures on the rejection after liver transplantation from multi-level aspects. METHODS: A computer-based research was performed on the CNKI database and China Doctoral Dissertations Full-text Database from January 2002 to December 2011 for the literatures related to rejection after liver transplantation. The key words were “liver transplantation, rejection”. The character of the data was analyzed by the analysis capabilities of the database and Excel chart function. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the CNKI database from 2002 to 2011, a total of 777 literatures that related to the rejection after liver transplantation were screened out. From the quantitative of the literature, the number of the literature in 2006 reached to peak (110 literatures), and number was in the upward trend before the promulgation of Human Organ Transplant Ordinance in 2007, and then the number of the literature was decreased. There was a large amount of foundation, among the literatures, 210 literatures supported by 39 foundations, the number of provincial funded project was 28 and the number of the foundation from Guangdong province was up to 4. Chinese Journal of Organ Transplantation is the authoritative journal of rejection after liver transplantation in China. The research on the rejection after liver transplantation was mainly depend on the animal experiment of rat, and the research found that the incidence of acute rejection after transplantation is relatively high, and the research on the potent new immunosuppressant was mainly based on tacrolimus. A total of 90 literatures were screened out in the China Doctoral Dissertations Full-text Database, the number of the literature, subject category, research institutions, key words and the foundation project were similar to those in CNKI database. Related Articles | Metrics

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Motivation principle in organ transplantation technology Zhong Hui-liang 2012, 16 (31):  5871-5874.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.31.034 Abstract ( 368 )   PDF (541KB) ( 757 )   Save BACKGROUND: The lack of organ donors is gradually improved, but organ transplantation is still one of the main bottlenecks of technological progress. OBJECTIVE: To further investigate the motivation principles for organ donor donation. METHODS: CNKI and VMIS databases were retrieved by computer for articles related to organ transplantation published from January 2001 to March 2011. Articles related to organ transplantation were searched with the key words of “organ transplantation, donor”, “organ transplantation, urge” and “organ transplantation, donor mechanism” in Chinese. Totally 21 medical ethics literature and five books were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Studying the motivation principle in the process of organ transplantation is for improving the donor’s enthusiasm to donate actively participation in society, and the development of organ transplantation is to solve one of the main bottlenecks. Related Articles | Metrics

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Ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation technology Sun Yu, Li Qing, Zhu Jiang 2012, 16 (31):  5875-5880.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.31.035 Abstract ( 535 )   PDF (640KB) ( 594 )   Save BACKGROUND: Fertility preservation techniques can provide the opportunity to restore the endocrine function and reproductive function for the female patients that loss of ovarian function due to tumor or cancer treatment-related causes. OBJECTIVE: To review the progress and problem on the application of vitrification freeze of ovarian tissues and freeze-thaw ovarian tissue autograft in reconstruction of ovary function. METHODS: A computer-based search was performed on the CNKI database and PubMed database from January 1999 to December 2011 for the articles about premature ovarian failure. The key words were “premature ovarian failure, vitrification freeze, ovary transplantation” in English and Chinese. Finally, 40 articles relate to the vitrification freeze of ovarian tissues and freeze-thaw ovarian tissue autograft were included to review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: As for the methods to reconstruct the ovary function of tumor related premature ovarian failure patient, both methods that vitrification freeze of ovarian tissues and freeze-thaw ovarian tissue autograft have bright future in clinical application, which can not only restore natural fertility, genital function and endocrine function, but also are safe and convenient without immunological rejection or ethnics disputes. It is believed that the technique of ovarian tissue cryopreserved transplantation will be more advanced along with the development of the medical research in the future, and it will raise hopes by reconstructing their fertility and endocrine function for those female patients suffering from tumor. Related Articles | Metrics

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Hepatitis B recurrence and secondary tuberculosis dissemination after liver transplantation in one case Li Jun, Chen Hong, Fan Tie-yan, Wang X 2012, 16 (31):  5881-5885.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn. 2095-4344.2012.31. 036 Abstract ( 490 )   PDF (467KB) ( 727 )   Save BACKGROUND: The dissemination of tuberculosis based on hepatic failure because of hepatitis B recurrence after liver transplantation progresses rapidly and there is a contradictory on its treatment. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of one patient with hepatic failure caused by hepatitis B recurrence after liver transplantation and secondary tuberculosis dissemination. METHODS: We collected the clinical data of one patient with hepatic failure caused by hepatitis B recurrence and secondary tuberculosis dissemination after liver transplantation in General Hospital of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces. A retrospectively analysis of the cause, diagnosis, therapeutic method and prognosis of the patients with hepatitis B recurrence or tuberculosis dissemination after liver transplantation reported at home and abroad were preformed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The treatment for tuberculosis was not completed when hepatitis B recurrent after liver transplantation. Although we tried to finish the treatment for tuberculosis as well as curing hepatitis B, the patient still died. The result shows that the dissemination of tuberculosis based on hepatic failure because of hepatitis B recurrence after liver transplantation progresses rapidly and the prognosis is poor. We should find a balance point between them on the treatment, and stop using immunosuppressive agent necessarily. Related Articles | Metrics

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Liver transplantation treats hepatic hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia in one case Zhu Xiong-wei, Liu Yu, Wang Yi, Lu Bin, Chen Xin-guo, Chen Hong, Shen Zhong-yang, Zang Yun-jin 2012, 16 (31):  5886-5890.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn. 2095-4344.2012.31. 037 Abstract ( 332 )   PDF (295KB) ( 627 )   Save BACKGROUND: Hepatic hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHHT) is a rare disease, which can lead to life-threatening complications. Liver transplantation has been an only curative option; however, the therapeutic effect of liver transplantation in HHHT is rarely reported. OBJECTIVE: To explore the therapeutic effect of liver transplantation in patients with HHHT. METHODS: The clinical data of one 59-year-old female patient with HHHT, who had undergone orthotropic liver transplantation at the Institute of Liver Transplantation of General Hospital of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, China was analyzed retrospectively. The period of follow-up was 8 months. Abdominal ultrasonography and liver function were observed after operation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: This female patient had been in good health during 8-month follow-up after liver transplantation. She resumed family daily life. Liver transplantation can offer an effective therapy for patients with HHHT, and can provide satisfactory postoperative long-term results. Liver transplantation should be proposed earlier in the course of symptomatic HHHT presenting with life-threatening conditions. Palliative interventions, especially on the hepatic artery, should be avoided in view of their high (infectious) complication rate. However, the sample size was small with relatively short time follow-up. Thus, the long-term therapeutic effect still needs to be explored. Related Articles | Metrics