Table of Content

02 December 2012, Volume 16 Issue 49 Previous Issue    Next Issue

For Selected:

Download Citations EndNote Reference Manager ProCite BibTeX RefWorks

Toggle Thumbnails

Select

Trans-differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into functional neurons Huang Bao-sheng, Wang Tian-lu, Li Li-xin, Xie Qing-song, Tian He-ping, Zhang Yin 2012, 16 (49):  9121-9127.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.49.001 Abstract ( 668 )   PDF (403KB) ( 725 )   Save BACKGROUND: It has the important theoretical and practical significance to induce the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into neural stem cells and to investigate the method to improve the differentiation efficiency. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the method of trans-differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells into functional neurons. METHODS: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and purified from rat bone marrow by density gradient centrifugation and adherent culture. Expression of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells surface marker was detected by flow cytometry. All bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were divided into three groups: neurotrophic factor induction group, chemical induction group and control group. The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the neurotrophic factor induction group were induced with brain-derived neurotrophic factor and basic fibroblast growth factor, the cells in the chemical induction group were induced with dimethyl sulfoxide and butylated hydrochloride, and the cells in the control group were induced with PBS. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the induction groups could express neuron specific enolase and microtubule-associated protein-2, and there was no significant difference of the expression rate between these two groups (P > 0.05), while in the control group, no expression of neuron specific enolase and microtubule-associated protein-2 was detected. Patch clamp system detection showed that the induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the neurotrophic factor induction group could express action potential with the characteristics of neural cells and excitatory postsynaptic currents. There were no electrophysiologica characteristics in the chemical induction group and control group. It indicates that brain-derived neurotrophic factor combined with basic fibroblast growth factor is an effective method of inducing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to trans-differentiate into functional neurons. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Differentiation of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into hepatocyte-like cells in vitro   Li De-qiang, Wang Ren-hao 2012, 16 (49):  9128-9133.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.49.002 Abstract ( 355 )   PDF (565KB) ( 423 )   Save BACKGROUND: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transplantation can significantly improve liver function and promote liver regeneration in a mouse model of severe liver failure induced by carbon tetrachloride.  OBJECTIVE: To investigate liver function and hepatic cirrhosis degree after bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transplantation. METHODS: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were isolated by density gradient centrifugation method and adherent culture method. Passage 3 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were treated with hepatocyte growth factor and epidermal growth factor and labeled with BrdU after induced for 21 days. At the same time, animal models of liver cirrhosis were established. The BrdU-labeled hepatocyte-like cells suspension and normal saline were injected into rabbits in the experimental and control groups through the portal vein. The rabbits were sacrificed under anesthesia at 21 days after transplantation. The hepatic cirrhosis degree and liver function of rabbits with cirrhosis were investigated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Morphological changes in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were observed after in vitro induced with hepatocyte growth factor and epidermal growth factor for 21 days and cell morphology changed into round. Cell staining results showed positive expression of alpha-fetoprotein, serum albumin and glycogen. After transplantation of hepatocyte-like cells through the portal vein, the liver biochemical indicators in the experimental group were significantly improved when compared with the control group (P < 0. 05). BrdU immunohistochemical staining showed the BrdU-positive cells were observed in the portal area and hepatic sinusoids. Rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can be induced to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells, and the induced cells can improve rabbit liver function and promote hepatocyte regeneration. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Mesenchymal stem cells transformed to myogenic cell induced by 5-azacytidine in vitro Zhou Ya-feng, Li Hong-xia, Cheng Cheng, Han Lian-hua, Yang Xiang-jun 2012, 16 (49):  9134-9138.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.49.003 Abstract ( 300 )   PDF (1253KB) ( 461 )   Save BACKGROUND: With the characteristics of multiple differentiation potential and the in vitro expression of a variety of exogenous genes, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are used as the seed cells for the future repairing and replacing of tissues and organs and the research has become the hot spot. To date, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have been isolated from human and several kinds of animals, but reports on porcine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are rare.   OBJECTIVE: To establish a method for culturing porcine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and then transformation into myogenic cells in vitro, and to investigate the underlying biological mechanisms. METHODS: Porcine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and purified by centrifugation. After induced with 5-azacytidine, the immunohistochemical staining was performed with desmin, MHC, cTnI and Cx-43. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After induced with 5-azacytidine, some porcine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells became spindle-like and were positive for desmin, MHC, cTnI and Cx-43 expression. Porcine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can be transformed into myogenic cells after in vitro induced with 5-azacytidine. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Bone morphogenetic protein 2 co-transfected with bone morphogenetic protein 7 forosteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells Chen Jian, Yuan Wen, Song Dian-wen, Hu Kai-meng, Fan Li-xing, Liu Hou-qi 2012, 16 (49):  9139-9145.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.49.004 Abstract ( 349 )   PDF (450KB) ( 648 )   Save BACKGROUND: The most important role of bone morphogenetic protein is the induction of bone formation some factors, including difficulty in sample extract, rapid metabolic rate, difficulty in accurate concentration control and high cost, limit the application for in vitro and in vivo studies. OBJECTIVE: To establish the adenoviral vectors containing bone morphogenetic protein 2 and bone morphogenetic protein 7 in order to observe the promotion effect of co-transfection of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and bone morphogenetic protein METHODS: The rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells separated by the whole bone marrow adherence method were passaged to the third generation, and divided into five groups: the control group and the conventional induction group were cultured with conventional culture medium and osteo-induction culture medium; bone morphogenetic protein 2 group and bone morphogenetic protein 7 group were transfected with bone morphogenetic protein 2 adenovirus and bone morphogenetic protein 7 adenovirus; the combination group was co-transfected with bone morphogenetic protein 2 adenovirus and bone morphogenetic protein 7 adenovirus. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 7 days after transfection, the expression levels of Runx-2, Osx, alkaline phosphatase and Collagen Ⅰ mRNA in the combination group were higher than those in the other four groups (P < 0.05); the indicators above in the bone morphogenetic protein 2 group and bone morphogenetic protein 7 group were higher than those in control group and the conventional induction group (P < 0.05). At 14 days after transfection, the expression of Runx-2, Osx,alkaline phosphatase and collagen Ⅰ mRNA in the combination group were higher than those in the other four groups (P < 0.05); and the indicators at 14 days after transfection were higher than those at 7 days after trasnfection (P < 0.05). At 7 days after transfection, the expression levels of collagen Ⅰ and osteocalcin protein in the combination group were higher than those in the other four groups (P < 0.05). After co-transfected by both bone morphogenetic protein 2 and bone morphogenetic protein 7 adenoviral vectors, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells could express high levels of osteogenesis related gene in both mRNA level and protein level than induced by conventional culture medium or osteo-induction culture medium. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Hoechst33342 for labeling rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells Xie Xing-wen, Hou Fei-yi, Li Ning, Li Sheng-hua, Song Min 2012, 16 (49):  9146-9151.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.49.005 Abstract ( 370 )   PDF (408KB) ( 774 )   Save BACKGROUND: Hoechst33342 can be used for labeling bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, but there are few reports on the optimal concentration of marker. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of different concentrations of Hoechst33342 on the proliferation and labeling rate of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and to investigate the duration time of fluorescence. METHODS: Adherence screening method was used to extract rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and the cells were cultured to the third generation, then surface antigen was detected by flow cytometry, and stained after osteogenic and adipogenic induction. The proliferation rate and labeling rate of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were detected after treatment with different concentrations of Hoechst33342, and then the duration time was detected through the use of fluorescence microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Hoechst33342 can be used for labeling bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and the optimal concentration of Hoechst33342 was 5 mg/L, the duration time was long and there was no quenching within 30 days. Hoechst33342 damaged the cells after fluorescence excitation, and when the concentrations exceed10 mg/L, the marker could cause cell death. When the concentration was 7.5 mg/L, cell proliferation was inhibited; when the concentration was 2.5 mg/L, the duration for labeling was shorter, the fluorescence decreased at 7 days and disappeared at 14 days. Hoechst33342 can be used for labeling bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and the optimal concentration of the Hoechst33342 is 5 mg/L; phenotype identification shows the negative expression of CD45 and positive expression of CD44 and CD90. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and changes in infarct volume in rats with cerebral ischemia under mild hypothermia  Zhang Qi-mei, Peng Yu, You Hui, Li Shou-hua, Yan Guo-shan, Zhang Zhao-wen, Yang Bo, Lan Jing, Zheng Zheng, Chi Ying 2012, 16 (49):  9152-9156.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.49.006 Abstract ( 275 )   PDF (337KB) ( 596 )   Save BACKGROUND: There are a few reports addressing the application of mild hypothermia to the study of repairing the nerve injury, but few reports have addressed the effects of mild hypothermia on the migration of neural stem cells in the brain following transplantation. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of mild hypothermia on the migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transplanted into the lateral ventricle of rats with cerebral ischemia, as well as the effect on the infarct volume. METHODS: A focal cerebral ischemic injury model of right middle cerebral artery occlusion was established using modified Longa’s method in Sprague-Dawley rats. Fifty rats were divided into mild hypothermia group, control group and sham-operation group. Local mild hypothermia was applied in the mild hypothermia group before transplantation for the treatment of acute cerebral ischemia. Normal body temperature was maintained in control group before transplantation for the treatment of acute cerebral ischemia. The right carotid artery of rats in the sham-operation group was separated and ligated after anesthesia. At 24 hours following model establishment in the mild hypothermia group and the control group, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells labeled with 5-BrdU were transplanted into the rat lateral ventricle. The amount of BrdU-positive cells in the brain tissue in each group was measured by immunohistochemistry at 5, 14 and 21 days following injection in each group.   RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 14 days after transplantation, a majority of labeled bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells had migrated to the infarct area. At various time points following transplantation, the number of BrdU-positive cells in the cortex around infarction focus was obviously greater in the hypothermia group compared with the control group  (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the infarct volume in the mild hypothermia group at various time points was reduced significantly (P < 0.05). Results indicate that mild hypothermia before transplantation may promote the direct migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and can reduce the infarct volume. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Platelet-rich fibrin induces the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into Schwann cells Feng Yu-hua, Dong Jing, Lu Lei, Li Qi, Song Lei 2012, 16 (49):  9157-9161.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.49.007 Abstract ( 325 )   PDF (357KB) ( 591 )   Save BACKGROUND: Platelet-rich fibrin is known as a novel platelet condensate. Several studies have demonstrated that platelet-rich fibrin can induce the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into neuronal-like cells. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of platelet-rich fibrin on differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into Schwann cells. METHODS: Rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and randomized to three groups. In the control group, conventional antioxidants were used. In the platelet-rich fibrin 1 group, one piece of platelet-rich fibrin was added to induce cell differentiation. In the platelet-rich fibrin 2 group, two pieces of platelet-rich fibrin were added to induce cell differentiation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At days 3, 7, 14, 21 days of culture, CCK-8 assay was performed to detect cell toxicity. Results showed that cell proliferation at each time point was faster in the platelet-rich fibrin 1 group than that in the control group (P < 0.05), and it was faster in the platelet-rich fibrin 2 group than that in the platelet-rich fibrin 1 group (P < 0.05). Real-time PCR results showed that at day 21 of culture, intracellular S-100 and glial fibrillary acidic protein mRNA expression levels were significantly higher in the platelet-rich fibrin 1 group than those that in the control group (P < 0.05), and no significant differences were observed between platelet-rich fibrin 1 group and platelet-rich fibrin 2 group (P > 0.05). Flow cytometry results showed that at day 21 of culture, the proportions of intracellular S-100 and glial fibrillary acidic protein positive cells in the platelet-rich fibrin 1 group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P > 0.05) and there was no significant difference between platelet-rich fibrin 1 group and platelet-rich fibrin 2 group (P > 0.05).  Results indicate that platelet-rich fibrin can promote the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in a dose-dependent manner, and platelet-rich fibrin can induce bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into a high proportion of Schwann cells. The platelet-rich fibrin induction is superior to conventional chemical inducation. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Multi-directional induced differentiation of rabbit adipose-derived stem cells Wang Qing-fu,Chen Zhuang-hong, Cai Xian-hua, Xie Yong-hui, Diao Bo, Liu Qin 2012, 16 (49):  9162-9167.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.49.008 Abstract ( 509 )   PDF (527KB) ( 628 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that adipose-derived stem cells can be induced to differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myocardial cells, neurons, epithelial cells and hepatocytes under certain conditions. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the isolation and culture method and the basic biological characteristics of adipose-derived stem cells in order to identify its cell phenotype. METHODS: Adipose tissue was collected from the neck and back of adult Japanese white rabbits, and the primary adipose-derived stem cells were obtained and cultured with type Ⅰ collagenase and when the cells grow to cover about 80% of the space, the growth situation and morphological characteristics of adipose-derived stem cells were observed with inverted microscope every day, and the growth curve was drawn; cell surface markers were checked by flow cytometry; the adipose-derived stem cells were induced to osteogenesis and adipogenesis respectively, the osteogenic differentiation potential and adipogenic differentiation potential were assessed through the alkaline phosphatase, alizarin red, VonKossa (calcium nodules) staining and oil red O staining of adipose-derived stem cells, control group was non-induced. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Adipose-derived stem cells cultured in vitro exhibited a spindle-shaped appearance and actively proliferated. After subculture, adipose-derived stem cells were strongly proliferated and their growth curve was “S” shaped. Passages 3 and 6 adipose-derived stem cells highly expressed CD29 and CD44 as detected by flow cytometry, with a positive rate of more than 90% and lowly expressed CD34 and CD45 with a positive rate of less than 5%; and the expression of CD29 and CD44 was gradually increased while the expression of CD34 and CD45 was gradually decreased with the passage increased. Alkaline phosphatase, alizarin red and von Kossa staining were positive in the osteogenic-induction group and oil red O staining was positive in the adipogenic-induction group, whilethese staining were negative in the control group. Rabbit adipose-derived stem cells could be easily isolated and cultured, and stably proliferated, and they expressed mesenchymal stem cells-related phenotype and could be induced to differentiate into osteoblasts and adipocytes under certain conditions. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effects of different oxygen tensions on gene expression profiling of human embryonic stem cells Guo Li-yuan, Liu Wei-qiang, He Wen-zhi, Li Qing, Sun Xiao-fang 2012, 16 (49):  9168-9173.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.49.009 Abstract ( 405 )   PDF (277KB) ( 671 )   Save BACKGROUND: The studies describing culture of human embryonic stem cells under hypoxic condition mainly focus on the maintenance of pluripotency and differenciation. There are few studies regarding the effects of hypoxia on gene expression in human embryonic stem cells.  OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of different oxygen tensions on gene expression profiling of human embryonic stem cells. METHODS: Gene expression profiling determined by Human Gene Expression Microarrays and differentially expressed genes were analyzed by gene ontology and pathway analysis in one human embryonic stem cell line (FY-hES-7) following prolonged passage under hypoxia (5%O2) and normoxia (21%O2), respectively. RESULTS AND COCLUSION: 1 840 upregulated genes (more than two folds) and 1676 downregulated genes (more than two folds) were identified in the hypoxic group as compared to the nomorxic group. Gene ontology analysis and pathway analysis showed that gene upregulation in the hypoxic group was associated with cell surface receptor linked signal transduction, immune response, ion transport, metabolic process, cell activation and some pathways such as cytokine-cytokine interaction, immune response, but gene downregulation in the hypoxic group was related to transcription regulation, transcription DNA-dependent regulation, neuronal differentiation, cell morphogenesis, embryonic morphogenesis, embryonic organ and system development and the pathways of embryo development and cancer. The gene expression profiling of human embryonic stem cells in different O2 tensions is variable and the functional analyses of differentially expressed genes in hypoxia are beneficial for human embryonic stem cell culture by keeping stable self-renewal capacity, preventing human embryonic stem cell differentiation and reducing the risk of tumor formation. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells HuES17 into hematopoietic stem cells   Xing Hong-yun, Bian Tie-rong, Liu Ting, Gong Yu-ping 2012, 16 (49):  9174-9178.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.49.010 Abstract ( 425 )   PDF (544KB) ( 626 )   Save BACKGROUND: Human embryonic stem cells are derived from inner cell mass of the human blastocyst. The human embryonic stem cells are capable of the unlimited proliferation and maintain the undifferentiated state in long-term culturing in vitro, and can be differentiated into all kinds of cell types of the human body organizations. OBJECTIVE: To study the hematopoietic differentiation of human embryonic stem cells HuES17 cell line. METHODS: Human embryonic stem cells HuES17 were co-cultured with human foreskin fibroblast cells, and the human embryonic stem cells were induced to differentiate into hematopoietic stem cells by co-culturing with bone marrow stromal cells in mice (OP9 cells). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: When human embryonic stem cells co-cultured with OP9 cells for 5-6 days, the OP9 cells began to aging, and soon died; the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells could be observed. However, with the OP9 cells death, the differentiated human embryonic stem cells were also dead, and could not induce the human embryonic stem cells to differentiate into hematopoietic stem cells. Human embryonic stem cells HuES17 cells line showed little inclination to differentiate into hematopoietic stem cells, or may not be induced to differentiate into hematopoietic stem cells. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells inhibit glioma growth Liang Shuo, Jiao Hong-liang,Chi Lian-kai, Shi Xin-yi, Liang A-ming, Tian Yi, Han Jiao-ling, 2012, 16 (49):  9179-9185.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.49.011 Abstract ( 324 )   PDF (565KB) ( 562 )   Save BACKGROUND: Wnt signaling pathway is a key to occurrence and development of tumor. Several studies have demonstrated that Dickkopf-1 can block intracellular Wnt signalling transmission. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the inhibitory effect and underlying mechanism of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on C6 glioma growth by a co-culture system in vitro. METHODS: C6 glioma cells were cultured with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells conditioned medium under different concentrations. Cell Counting Kit-8 and ?ow cytometry analysis were performed to investigate cell proliferation and cell cycle status. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of β-catenin and c-Myc in C6 cells treated with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells conditioned medium. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was adopted to examine the level of Dickkopf-1 secreted by human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. Dickkopf-1 in human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells conditioned medium was neutralized by anti-Dickkopf-1 antibody. The effects of antibody neutralization were also determined by the above methods. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells could inhibit C6 cell expansion and arrest the cell cycle in G0-G1 phase. The expression levels of β-catenin and c-Myc were down-regulated in C6 cells after treatment with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells conditioned medium. The levels of secreted protein Dickkopf-1 were positively correlated with concentrations of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells conditioned medium. The inhibitory effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on C6 cell proliferation was enhanced as the concentration of Dickkopf-1 in human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells conditioned medium increased. When Dickkopf-1wasneutralized by anti-Dickkopf-1 antibody, the suppressing effect was attenuated. It demonstrated that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells could inhibit glioma cell growth via secreting the soluble factors, such as Dickkopf-1. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

In vitro differentiation of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells into dopaminergic neurons Wu Xiao-hua, Chen Nai-yao 2012, 16 (49):  9186-9191.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.49.012 Abstract ( 356 )   PDF (535KB) ( 601 )   Save BACKGROUND: Parkinson's disease treated by cell replacement therapy has become a hot research at present, and how to obtain adequate and effective dopaminergic neurons in vitro is a strategy in the treatment of the disease. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells differentiating into dopaminergic neurons in vitro. METHODS: The fifth passage human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells were inoculated with 5×103/mL. The cells were pre-inducted with 20 ng/mL epidermal growth factor+20 ng/mL basic fibroblast growth factor for 24 hours. Then the cells were divided into four groups: the control group was not given induction medium but only cultured in DMEM/F12 culture medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum; the other three induced groups were induced with 100 μmol/L ascorbic acid, 1 μmol/L all-trans retinoic acid 50 μg/mL glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor alone or in combination respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The expression of tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine transporter and dopamine receptor D2 mRNA could be seen in the induced groups. After induction and differentiation, the cells could express the neurons and glial cell-specific antigens. Compared with the control group, the positive rates of nestin, neuron-specific enolase, glial fibrillary acidic protein, tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine transporter and dopamine receptor D2 in the induced groups were significantly increased (P < 0.05); the positive rates in the all-trans retinoic acid+glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor group and the combination induced group were significantly higher than those in the ascorbic acid group (P < 0.05), but the increased degree of the combination induced group was significantly higher than that of the all-trans retinoic acid+glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor group (P < 0.05). Ascorbic acid, all-trans retinoic acid+glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, all-trans retinoic acid+glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor+ascorbic acid can promote the human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into dopaminergic neurons, and the combined induction can get the best effect.  Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Histological changes of oligodendrocyte precursor cells for repair of spinal cord injury Kong Jian, Zhang Hong-nan, Jia Dan, Wang Duo, Chen Ming-wei, Xue Meng-meng, Li Yan, Fan Ye-wen, Liu Xin, Liu Sheng-liang, Liu Jing-jing, Ge Xiao-ping, Jiang Zhe, Wu Shu-liang 2012, 16 (49):  9192-9195.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.49.013 Abstract ( 384 )   PDF (305KB) ( 505 )   Save BACKGROUND: The incidence of spinal cord injury shows an increasing tendency, but the repair mechanism after spinal cord injury is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in repair of spinal cord injury.  METHODS: According to Allen's method, models of spinal cord injury were established in mice. The morphological change of spinal cord was detected by pathological method. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells were isolated and purified from green fluorescence protein transgenic mice in vitro, and induced to differentiate into oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, oligodendrocyte precursor cells were transplanted into mice model of spinal cord injury. The experiment was divided into four groups according to different treatment methods: model group, sham-operation group, treatment group and control group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The success rate for establishing the mice model of spinal cord injury was 100%. The cultured oligodendrocyte precursor cells had the ability to self-proliferate and differentiate into oligodendrocytes. After being transplanted, oligodendrocyte precursor cells could not only integrate with the host tissue of spinal cord, but also could migrate to the injury zone and replace the damaged tissue. Motor function of mice was significantly recovered by oligodendrocyte precursor cells transplantation. Exogenous oligodendrocyte precursor cells can survive in the injury zone and integrate with the host tissue of the mice after spinal cord injury. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Human amnion-derived stem cells transplantation for the treatment of acute kidney injury Yu Hong, Yao Guan-ping, Ren Fei, Fan Zhen-hai, Fang Ning, Wang Yu-ying, Yang Jin, Pu Tao, Yu Li-mei 2012, 16 (49):  9196-9200.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.49.014 Abstract ( 423 )   PDF (393KB) ( 591 )   Save BACKGROUND: Recent researches have reported that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transplantation can be used for the treatment of acute kidney injury, and human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells have a good therapeutic effect in repairing other tissues and organs injury. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of the human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells transplantation on cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. METHODS: Human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells were isolated, cultured and identified in vitro. Male ICR mice were randomly divided into three groups: normal control group, model group, human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells group, and mices in the model group and human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells group were used to establish acute kidney injury models. In the human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells group, 0.3 mL human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells with the concentration of 1.0×1010/L were injected into the mice via tail vein at 8 days; mice in the model group and normal control group were injected with normal saline in the same dose. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 17 days after the establishment of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury model by human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells transplantation, renal function examination results demonstrated that compared with model group, the blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels in human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells group were significantly increased, and reached to the levels in normal control group. Hematoxylin-eosin staining results showed the clear and complete renal organizational structure with rich tubules in the human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells group, the integrity and structure were similar to those of the mice in the normal control group, but the pathological changes of the human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells group were significantly improved when compared with model group. At 7 days after human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells transplantation, double labeling immunofluorescence results showed there was a large number of humanamnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells colonization and distributionin in the nephridial tissue, a few MAB1281-FITC positive cells derived from human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells also found in the epithelium of kidney tubules. The human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells transplantation could promote the recovery of acute kidney injury. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

In vivo magnetic resonance imaging tracking of superparamagnetic iron oxide labeled rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells after subcutaneoustransplantation Jin Xu-hong, Zhang Shou, Yang Liu,Wen Ya-ming, Duan Xiao-jun 2012, 16 (49):  9201-9208.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.49.015 Abstract ( 273 )   PDF (443KB) ( 641 )   Save BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance imaging with high field units has been successfully used in tracking the superparamagnetic iron oxide labeled bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. However, the validity of a low-field magnetic resonance imaging unit for detecting labeled cells has not been thoroughly investigated. OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility of 0.2-T magnetic resonance imaging for in vivo tracking the distribution and migration of magnetically labeled bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells after subcutaneous transplantation. METHODS: Bone mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from rabbit bone marrow. Before implantation, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were double labeled in vitro with superparamagnetic iron oxide and BrdU, then the cells were composited with chitosan and subcutaneously implanted in the thigh. Thighs subcutaneously implanted with unlabeled bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and simply superparamagnetic iron oxides were used as control. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The dense iron particles could be seen in the cytoplasm of the superparamagnetic iron oxide labeled bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells through Prussian blue staining and electron microscopy detection. Subcutaneously transplanted superparamagnetic iron oxide labeled autologous rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells showed low signal changes and maintained at least 8 weeks during T2*-weighted gradient-echo sequence imaging, and the signal gradually entered into the tissue from the graft site. Prussian blue staining and BrdU immunohistochemistry showed that most of the transplanted cells remained in the original transplantation site. It indicated that bone marrow stromal stem cells could be effectively labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide in vitro, and it was possible to in vivo track the subcutaneously transplanted superparamagnetic iron oxide labeled autologous rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with 0.2-T magnetic resonance imaging. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells repair Wistar rat spinal cord injury   Jia Quan-zhang, Li Dong-jun, Chen Yu-bing, Sun Jing-hai, Wang Feng-hua, Xu Shuang, Liu Li-ping, Gao De-xuan, Jiang Da-wei 2012, 16 (49):  9209-9213.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.49.016 Abstract ( 297 )   PDF (404KB) ( 553 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transplantation has achieved therapeutic effects in the treatment of spinal cord injury. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transplantation on motor function of rats with spinal cord injury. METHODS: 120 Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: (1) in the blank group, rats were not modeled but they were locally injected with 10 μL normal saline at the day of spinal cord injury; (2) in the model group, spinal cord injury models were established by modified Allen’s crack method without any treatment; (3) in the low dose treatment group, 1 mL bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (1×109/L) were injected through the tail vein at the day of spinal cord injury; in the high dose treatment group, rats were locally injected with 10 μL bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (4×109/L) at the day of spinal cord injury. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 1 day after injury, there was no healing in the model group and two treatment groups, and the scores of motion function in the three groups were lower than those in the blank group (P < 0.01); at 7 days after injury, the scores of motion function in the two treatment groups were increased, and the behavior scores of the two treatment groups were higher than those of the model group, but there was no significant difference (P > 0.05); at 15 and 30 days after injury, the behavior scores of the two treatment groups were higher than those of the model group (P < 0.01). At 7, 15 and 30 days after transplantation, there was significant recovery in behaviors in the two treatment groups compared with the model group. It indicates that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have therapeutic effects on the spinal function of rats with spinal cord injury.  Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

In vitro differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into hepatocyte-like cells induced by growth factor Chen Peng-fei, Wei Wen-bin, Tan Yuan-zhong, Hu Cheng 2012, 16 (49):  9214-9220.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.49.017 Abstract ( 421 )   PDF (714KB) ( 572 )   Save BACKGROUND: Hepatocyte growth factor is a key cytokine for in vitro inducing the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into liver stem cells. Basic fibroblast growth factor can not only increase the proliferation rate of mesenchymal stem cells and its life, but also can maintain the multilineage differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells in the proliferation process.  OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possibility of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells induced by hepatocyte growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor in vitro. METHODS: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were collected from femora of Sprague-Dawley rats. The harvested bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were separated and purified by whole bone marrow adherent culture method, and passaged in vitro. The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were identified by flow cytometry and osteogenic induction. The cells were divided into groups: (1) M0 group: as a negative control, treated without any factor; (2) M1 group: as the positive control group, treated with 20 μg/L hepatocyte growth factor; (3) M2 group: treated with 20 μg/L hepatocyte growth factor+5 μg/L basic fibroblast growth factor; (4) M3 group: treated with 20 μg/L hepatocyte growth factor+10 μg/L basic fibroblast growth factor; (5) M4 group: treated with 20 μg/L hepatocyte growth factor+20 μg/L basic fibroblast growth factor. The morphological changes were observed under inverted microscope. At different stages of differentiation, the album expressions of of mature hepatocyte phenotype marker and alpha fetoprotein of immature hepatocyte phenotype marker were detected by immunohistochemical staining.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The harvested bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells showed morphologic changes of hepatocyte after induction. The album was positively stained at 7 days after induction, its expression level was reduced at 14 days after induction, and then the expression changed into negative at 21 days after induction. The expression of alpha fetoprotein began to appear at 14 days after induction and then continued. No positive staining could be seen in the M0 group, and at the same time point, the positive staining rate in the M3 and M4 group was higher than that in the M2 group (P < 0.05). It indicates that hepatocyte growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor can induce bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells, and there is synergistic effect between them. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Cordyceps polysaccharide induces differentiation of adult rat mesenchymal stem cells into a hepatocyte lineage in vitro Liu Jiang-kai, Song Ya-fang, Liu You-zhang, Yang Yu-chen, Zhang Jiu-mei 2012, 16 (49):  9221-9225.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.49.018 Abstract ( 388 )   PDF (343KB) ( 533 )   Save BACKGROUND: How to promote the transformation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into hepatocytes to effectively improve the structure and function of diseased hepatic tissue will become a key part of future studies. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possibility of cordyceps polysaccharide inducing the differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into hepatocyte-like cells in vitro. METHODS: Wistar rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were cultured by adherence method and then randomized to three groups. In the cordyceps polysaccharide group, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were induced with 0.15 g/L cordyceps polysaccharide. In the positive control group, hepatocyte growth factor (20 μg/L) and epidermal growth factor (10 μg/L) were added. In the blank control group, DMEM containing 10% fetal bovine serum was added. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Flow cytometry showed that the isolated and purified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were negative for CD34 but positive for CD44. In the cordyceps polysaccharide and positive control group, α-fetoprotein expression appeared at 7 days, peaked at 14 days and was attenuated at 28 days. α-fetoprotein expression was higher in the positive control group than that in the cordyceps polysaccharide group at each time point. In the positive control group, cytokeratin 18 expression appeared at 7 days and was enhanced at 14 days. In the cordyceps polysaccharide group, cytokeratin 18 expression appeared at 14 days and continued thereafter. In the cordyceps polysaccharide and positive control groups, albumin expression was negative at 7 days, but it turned positive at 14 days. In the cordyceps polysaccharide and positive control groups, glycogen staining appeared positive at 14 days but it was attenuated at 28 days, and there was no positive glycogen staining throughout the experimental period   in the blank control group. These findings suggest that cordyceps polysaccharide can induce rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into hepatocyte-like cells.  Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effects of adenovirus hepatocyte growth factor modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on radioactive skin wound healing Ha Xiao-qin, Zhang Jun, Deng Zhi-yun, Dong Ju-zi, Peng Jun-hua, Zhao Yong, Zhang Yuan-yuan 2012, 16 (49):  9226-9231.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.49.019 Abstract ( 399 )   PDF (414KB) ( 860 )   Save BACKGROUND: Combined application of gene therapy and stem cells can promote the healing of refractory large scale wound.   OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of adenovirus hepatocyte growth factor (Ad-HGF) modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on radioactive skin wound healing. METHODS: The BMSCs were in vitro isolated and cultured from male Wistar rats and transfected with Ad-HGF. Forty female Wistar rats were irradiated using X-ray therapy machine to establish acute skin radiation damage model. The models were randomly divided into four groups: BMSCs treatment group, Ad-HGF treatment group, Ad-HGF modified BMSCs treatment group and control group. After irradiating, the suspension of BMSCs, Ad-HGF and Ad-HGF modified BMSCs suspension were injected directly into the radioactive wounds. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Hematoxylin-eosin staining results showed that at 21 hours after injury, the epidermis in Ad-HGF modified BMSCs treatment group was significantly thinner than that in the control group, and the epidermis in the Ad-HGF modified BMSCs treatment group was more regular than that in the BMSCs treatment group and Ad-HGF treatment group, many small vessels were observed in the derma of radioactive wounds. Immunohistochemistry results showed that the expression of hepatocyte growth factor in Ad-HGF modified BMSCs treatment group was stronger than that in the other three groups; the content of hydroxyproline in the Ad-HGF modified BMSCs treatment group was significantly lower than that in the other three groups after 7 days (P < 0.05); in situ hybridization showed that the expression of sex-determining sry gene in Ad-HGF modified BMSCs treatment group was stronger than that in the BMSCs treatment group. It demonstrates that Ad-HGF modified BMSCs can promote the healing of radioactive skin wound, and the effect is better than simple application of the suspension. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Naringin induces bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to repair femoral head necrosis in rabbits Yang Yuan, Li Xiao-feng, Luo Dao-ming, Wen Chao-hai 2012, 16 (49):  9232-9235.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.49.020 Abstract ( 269 )   PDF (437KB) ( 502 )   Save BACKGROUND: Autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells exhibit multipotential differentiation after in vitro culture. There is increasing concern that whether transplantation of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can be used for repair of femoral head necrosis. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism by which naringin induces bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to repair femoral head necrosis in rabbits.  METHODS: Rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were induced with naringin to differentiate into osteoblasts and then loaded onto cancellous bone allograft. Femoral head necrosis rabbit models were prepared. At 3 weeks after femoral head necrosis induction, 12 adult New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into two groups. In the experimental group, blank cancellous bone allograft was implanted into the left femoral head necrosis region. Identically, nothing was implanted into the left femoral head necrosis region in the control group. The right femoral head necrosis region in each group was implanted with cancellous bone allograft loaded by naringin induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUTION: At 8 weeks after implantation, a large amount of callus formed on the surface of the allograft and connected tightly with bone ends, and continuous “bone bridge” formed in some parts. At 12 weeks, relatively mature bone trabeculae were observed in the filling area, which were thicker, and arranged more irregularly compared with normal bone trabeculae. Bone defect region was completely covered by the newly formed bone. These findings suggest that naringin-induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can be used for repair of femoral head necrosis in rabbits. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

In vitro proliferation and identification of rabbit dental pulp cells     Ma Rong, Wang Yan-mei, Zhuang You-mei, Muhetaer?Huojia 2012, 16 (49):  9236-9240.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.49.021 Abstract ( 382 )   PDF (300KB) ( 518 )   Save BACKGROUND: The multi-lineage differentiation potential, high amplification rate and accessibility of the dental pulp cells make them to become an attractive source of mesenchymal stem cells. OBJECTIVE: To observe the proliferation characteristics of rabbit dental pulp cells and to identify the cells surface marker. METHODS: The dental pulp cells were isolated and cultured in vitro, then the cells were cultured to the third generation by enzymatic digestion method to observe the morphological changes, calculate the cell survival rate, test the cell clone forming rate, measure the cell growth curve and the cell proliferation cycle, and identify the cell surface markers. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The enzymatic digestion method could rapidly harvest various generations of rabbit dental pulp cells. The proportion of the cell survival rate was 94.7%:95.8%:95.2%:95.3% from the third generation to the sixth generation. The cells clone forming rate was 18/2 000; the cell growth curve was in line with the characteristics of mesenchymal cells, and the cell cycle rate of G0 and G1 was more than 80%; cell multiplication cycle DNA purity more than 80 %. Immunocytochemistry staining showed the positive expression of vimentin, CD44, osteonectin and dentin sialoprotein. It indicates that the dental pulp stem cells can be isolated from the rabbit dental pulp cells and effectively proliferated in vitro. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

In vitro establishment of a neural stem cell aging model and investigation of its biological characteristics Peng Bin, Wang Chao-li, Feng Li, Wang Ya-ping 2012, 16 (49):  9241-9246.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.49.022 Abstract ( 694 )   PDF (480KB) ( 897 )   Save BACKGROUND: Stem cell aging is mainly manifested by the decreased proliferation and differentiation ability, shortened telomere length, increased telomerase activity and increased expression of aging-related gene and protein.   OBJECTIVE: To establish a neural stem cell aging model in vitro and to explore the aging-related biological characteristics and mechanisms. METHODS: The third generation of neural stem cells were isolated and purified from the hippocampus of newborn Sprague-Dawley rats, and the cells were cultured in the medium containing 5% CO2 and neural stem cells under 37 ℃ for 2 hours (control group), then 100 mol/L tert-butyl hydroperoxide was added to the cells for 2 hours to establish the neural stem cell aging model in vitro (model group). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, after being treated with tert-butyl hydroperoxide for 2 hours, the number and volume of neurospheres forming by proliferated neural stem cells significantly decreased and the number of differentiated cells was significantly decreased in the model group; the absorbance was detected by MTT, the quantity of neurospheres and the numerical density of neurons were significantly decreased by 26%, 48% and 61%, respectively; the percentage of senescence-associated β-galactosidase glucosidase-positive neurospheres was increased by 19 times, and the expression levels of p16INK4a and p21Cip1/Waf1 mRNA were significantly increased by 137% and 68%. These results suggest that tert-butyl hydroperoxide can be used to establish the aging model in vitro. p16INK4 and p21Cip1/Waf1 may play a key role in regulating aging process induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide through signal transduction pathway of p16/Rb and p19ARF/ p53/ p21cip1. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effect of mangiferin on the proliferation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells Li Xiao-feng, Zhao Jin-min, Luo Shi-xing, Cheng Jian-wen, Liu Jun-ting 2012, 16 (49):  9247-9252.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.49.023 Abstract ( 285 )   PDF (395KB) ( 610 )   Save BACKGROUND: Tissue engineering requires a lot of seed cells, and the reports on mangiferin promotion of bone mesenchymal stem cells proliferation are rare. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of mangiferin on the proliferation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. METHODS: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from rats were isolated, cultured and purified by the whole bone marrow adherence method. The MTT method was used to detect the cytotoxicity of mangiferin and the growth curve was drawn, and the cell cycle detection and the cell proliferation tracer detection were used to observe the effect of mangiferin at different concentrations on the biological characteristics of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, as well as the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In a certain range of concentration, different concentrations of mangiferin could promote the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and showed a dose and time dependent manner. The mangiferin at the concentration of 20 μmol/L and 40 μmol/L had the most significant effect (P < 0.01); followed by the concentration of 80 μmol/L induction for 48 and 72 hours (P < 0.05). The S phase ratio of the cells induced with 20, 40 and 80 μmol/L mangiferin was higher than that of the normal cells, and the S phase ratio of the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells induced with 40 μmol/L mangiferin was the highest (P < 0.05). Mangiferin capromote the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro.Li XF, Zhao JM, Luo SX, Cheng JW, Liu JT. Effect of mangiferin on the proliferation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu. 2012;16(49):9247-9252.    Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Decitabine application combined with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for treatment of acute leukemia progressed from myelodysplastic syndrome Li Xu-dong, He Yi, Hu Yuan, Xiao Ruo-zhi, Fang Zhi-gang, Zheng Yong-jiang, Liu Jia-jun, Lin Dong-jun 2012, 16 (49):  9253-9256.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.49.024 Abstract ( 380 )   PDF (257KB) ( 685 )   Save BACKGROUND: Acute leukemia progressed from myelodysplastic syndrome is a refractory disease with poor clinical therapeutic effect, low remission rate and short survival period. Therefore, it is extremely important to explore a new and effective treatment method. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical therapeutic effects and complications of decitabine application combined with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in treatment of acute leukemia progressed from myelodysplastic syndrome. METHODS: One patient with acute leukemia progressed from myelodysplastic syndrome received two courses of decitabine application combined with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Clinical curative effects, the side effects of decitabine and the complications of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were investigated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The patient achieved complete remission after two courses of decitabine application combined with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with infection and myelosuppresison. The patient lived without disease for 213 days although acute graft-versus-host disease and pulmonary infection occurred after decitabine application combined with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. These findings suggest that decitabine application combined with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is an effective method to treat acute leukemia progressed from myelodysplastic syndrome, and the side effects and complications can be well controlled. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Adipose-derived stem cells assisted facial rejuvenation Tian Ya-guang, Liu Xiao-yan, Tao Kai, Huang Wei, Liang Jiu-long, Yu Kun 2012, 16 (49):  9257-9264.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.49.025 Abstract ( 355 )   PDF (491KB) ( 755 )   Save BACKGROUND: Several studies have demonstrated that adipose-derived stem cells have tissue reparative ability, but few studies have been reported about application of adipose-derived stem cells in facial rejuvenation treatment. OBJECTIVE: Primary adipose-derived stem cells were isolated from human liposuction aspirates and added into adipose tissue. The compounds were injected into the face of patients who underwent face lifting through tempus incision. The aesthetic effects were observed.  METHODS: Clinical data of 20 female patients who underwent fact lifting between June 2009 and August 2011 in Department of Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Command were retrospectively analyzed. Ten patients who received autologous adipose-derived stem cells assisted treatment were included in the treatment group, and the remaining 10 patients who underwent simple facial lifting were included in the control group. The therapeutic effects were evaluated using score of wrinkle standard and VISIA professional skin image analysis system in terms of freckle, pores, wrinkle, and skin texture.   RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Twenty patients were followed by 3-15 months. There was no significant difference in the score of wrinkle standard between treatment and control groups (P > 0.05). It suggests that autologous adipose-derived stem cells assisted treatment and simple face lifting have no obvious difference in reducing the wrinkles. VISIA skin detection results showed that there was a greater improvement in freckle and pores in the treatment group compared with the control group (P < 0.05) and there was no significant difference in improvement in skin texture and wrinkles (P > 0.05). These results suggest that autologous adipose-derived stem cells assisted treatment and simple face lifting have similar effects in facial rejuvenation, but the former exhibits better effects than the latter one on improving pores and freckle. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for experimental spinal cord injury: transplantation routes and combination modes Zhang Da, Tu Guan-jun 2012, 16 (49):  9265-9270.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.49.026 Abstract ( 336 )   PDF (391KB) ( 510 )   Save BACKGROUND: Different ways of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transplantation produce different degrees of functional recovery of spinal cord injury. Transplantation of simple bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells yields unsatisfactory efficacy in recovery of spinal cord injury. OBJECTIVE: To review the transplantation routes and combination modes regarding bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transplantation for the treatment of experimental spinal cord injury. METHODS: A computer-based online retrieval was performed by the first author in CNKI and PubMed databases to search papers published during 1995-01/2011-12 with the key words “ bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, cellular transplant, spinal cord injury, explanation channel, modality alliance” in Chinese and English. Forty-seven papers were included in the final analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There are many transplantation routes used for cell transplantation for the treatment of spinal cord injury, including in situ transplantation, transplantation via the cerebrospinal fluid, intravenous transplantation, transplantation via the abdominal cavity and tissue engineering scaffold. The tissue engineering scaffold method produces optimal efficacy, followed by in situ transplantation and transplantation via the cerebrospinal fluid, and the efficacy of intravenous transplantation and transplantation via the abdominal cavity is poor. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells combined with other ways of transplantation in the treatment of spinal cord injury has been widely recognized by scholars, but the treatment schemes of spinal cord injury targeting different injury times, patterns and extents need to be further standardized and assessed. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Application of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of bone defects  Lin Zhao-wei, Li Qi 2012, 16 (49):  9271-9275.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.49.027 Abstract ( 313 )   PDF (402KB) ( 506 )   Save BACKGROUND: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have multilineage differentiation potential, which can be induced to differentiate into osteoblasts and chondrocytes under special conditions in vitro or in vivo. They are widely used for bone tissue engineering. OBJECTIVE: To review the basic research and clinical application of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for repair of bone defects. METHODS: The CNKI database and PubMed database (1999-01/2012-01) were used to search the related articles about the application of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for repair of bone defects. The key words are “bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, bone defect”. Articles concerning bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of bone defects were included. For the articles that published recently or in the high-impact journals were preferred, and articles with repetitive contents were ruled out. Then 30 articles were suitable for further analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Bone marrow mesechymal stem cells can be easily isolated from bone marrow. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can be used to repair bone defects effectively because of their ability to differentiate into osteoblasts, especially with the development of biological scaffold materials and gene engineering technology. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Stem cells therapy for treatment of diabetic mellitus and complications   Wang Yan-gang, Yu Jiang-su 2012, 16 (49):  9276-9282.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.49.028 Abstract ( 533 )   PDF (437KB) ( 644 )   Save BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus can be effectively treated by drugs, but it still continues to progress. Recently, stem cells in particular mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus have been paid increasing attention, and a series of basic and clinical studies have been made. OBJECTIVE: To summarize and analyze the research progress in stem cells therapy for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and complications, which provide direction for future clinical studies. METHODS: A computer-based online retrieval was performed by the first author in PubMed database for searching the papers describing stem cells therapy for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the complications published between January 1981 and January 2012 in English with the key word “diabetic mellitus, stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, complication, therapy”. Repetitive studies were excluded and 57 papers were included in the final analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Stem cells can be used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus by promoting pancreatic β-cell survival and regeneration and reducing apoptosis. Furthermore, stem cells can also be used to treat the complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus including diabetic cardiomyopathy and neuropathy. Adult stem cells, in particular mesenchymal stem cells, are more suitable for use as seed cells because of convenient harvest, low immunogenicity and no ethical disputes, and become the focus for current and future studies regarding treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and complications. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Application of skin-derived precursors in the regenerative medicine Yang Mei,,Ke Ting-yu, Mao Duo, Kong De-ling, Che Yong-zhe, Xu Mian 2012, 16 (49):  9283-9288.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.49.029 Abstract ( 328 )   PDF (384KB) ( 838 )   Save BACKGROUND: Skin-derived precursors are the new kind of multipotent progenitor cells that derived from the dermis. Recently, great progress has been made in studies and applications about skin-derived precursors. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research progress in skin-derived precursors. METHODS: Articles related to skin-derived precursors were retrieved in CNKI database and PubMed database (1998-01/2011-12). The key words are “skin-derived precursor, hair-follicle, stem cells, neurons, schwann cells, smooth muscle cells, insulin-producing cells, bone repair, regenerative medicine, tissue engineering” in English and “skin-derived precursor, hair-follicle stem cells, regenerative medicine, tissue engineering” in Chinese. A total of 35 articles describing research progress in skin-derived precursors were obtained for the review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Skin-derived precursors as a kind of adult stem cells have been widely used in nerve damage treatment and neural regeneration, construction of tissue-engineered skin and vascular prosthesis, replacement therapy of pancreatic islet, reconstruction of hematopoietic system and promotion of fracture healing due to their advantages including ease to access, multi-lineage differentiation potential, easy amplification and relatively safe. Skin-derived precursors are a source of seed cells for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering research. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Interventional effects of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of osteoarthritis by stem cells transplantation   Peng Li-ping, Zhu Chun-cheng, Ma Du-jun 2012, 16 (49):  9289-9293.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.49.030 Abstract ( 341 )   PDF (446KB) ( 505 )   Save BACKGROUND: Stem cells have the characteristics that can differentiate into chondrocytes. Stem cell transplantation for the treatment of osteoarthritis has been confirmed in a large number of animal experiments, and the clinical application is just beginning. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the interventional effects of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of osteoarthritis by stem cells transplantation. METHODS: The CNKI database and PubMed database (1997-01/2011-12) were used to search the articles about the effect of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of osteoarthritis by stem cells transplantation. The key words are “traditional Chinese medicine, osteoarthritis, stem cell and transplantation”. Then 32 articles were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: With the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine, according to traditional Chinese medicine theory, studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine application for osteoarthritis can promote the proliferation of chondrocytes, accelerate the differentiation of stem cells into chondrocytes, and facilitate the repair of cartilage defects. But the researches at the present stage are inadequate, so the basic research regarding the interventional effects of traditional Chinese medicine on stem cells should be strengthened in the future. On the basis of stem cell proliferation, differentiation and trans-differentiation mechanism, we should screen the Chinese medicine monomer or compound that can interfere the stem cells at different developmental stages. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

MicroRNAs regulate self-renewal and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells Chen Xue-bin, Xu Yin-sheng, Zhang Fang, Sheng Wang 2012, 16 (49):  9294-9300.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.49.031 Abstract ( 409 )   PDF (392KB) ( 716 )   Save BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs (miRNA) play an important role in self-renewal and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by modulating expression of some key transcription factors, receptors, and some specific proteins related to the developmental process. OBJECTIVE: To discuss the regulatory roles of miRNAs in self-renewal and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS: PubMed database, Elsevier database and Nature database were retrieved with key words “msenchymal stem cells (MSCs), microRNA (miRNA)” for papers published from December 2000 to November 2011 in Chinese and English. A total of 84 papers were retrieved, and 64 of which were included in the final analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: MicroRNAs are endogenous 21-25nt short non-coding RNAs that can posttranscriptionally modulate gene expression by binding to the 3’-untranslated region of their target genes. Mesenchymal stem cells can be isolated from bone marrow, adipocyte tissue, cord blood and umbilical cord, and are capable of differentiating into multilineage cell types, such as osteoblasts, chondroblasts, adipocytes, myoblasts and neuroblasts. Recently, studies show that microRNAs play an important role in regulating proliferation, self-renewal and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by modulating expression of some specific transcription factors and genes related to the developmental process. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Identification of bone marrow stem cells Xu Mei-mei, Gao Fu-lai1, Han Ming-zi, Zheng Yue, Jin Shi-zhu, Lü Chun-yan 2012, 16 (49):  9301-9305.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.49.032 Abstract ( 419 )   PDF (392KB) ( 449 )   Save BACKGROUND: Single specific stem cells are always used in the scientific research. An identification technique is required to confirm the isolated cells. OBJECTIVE: To introduce the identification technique used to confirm the isolated bone marrow mesecnhymal stem cells and bone marrow hemopoietic stemcells. METHODS: A computer-based online retrieval was performed to search papers describing identification of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and bone marrow hemopoietic stem cells published during 1998-01/2010-12 in the PubMed database and Weipu database. The key words are bone marrow stem cell, bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells, identification in Chinese and English. After excluding repetitive studies, 31 papers were included in the final analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There has been no specific surface marker as a gold standard to identify bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can be detected from cell morphology and culture feature, molecular marker, multi-differentiation potential. Generally, the cells that have a fibrocyte-like morphology, can be adhered, divided, and proliferated, and express CD44 and CD29 rather than CD34 and CD45, are considered as bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. At present, the real phenotype for bone marrow hemopoietic stem cells has not been determined. Spleen clone formation, in vitro clone formation and flow cytometry are the primarily used methods to detect bone marrow hemopoietic stem cells. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Cytokines regulate osteochondral differentiation of stem cells Xu Sheng-gui, Lin Jian-hua 2012, 16 (49):  9306-9310.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.49.033 Abstract ( 366 )   PDF (382KB) ( 493 )   Save BACKGROUND: Cartilage repair, especially with the subchondral bone damage, has been a hot research. In recent years, with the further research of cytokines, increasing attention has been paid to find a proper cytokine and induce osteochondral differentiation of stem cells.  OBJECTIVE: To review the regulatory effects of cytokines on osteochondral differentiation of stem cells. METHODS: A computer-based online search of Pubmed database (http://www.Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed) and Wanfang database (http://ww.wanfangdata.com.cn/) was performed for related articles published from January 2000 to December 2011 using the key words “chondrification, cytokine, stem cells, tissue engineering” in English and Chinese. Totally 32 papers were included in the final analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Cytokines, in particular, Wnt and transforming growth factor β/bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathways, play an important role in the osteochondral differentiation of stem cells. An in-depth study of various regulatory factors during the differentiation of stem cells would provide better conditions for in vitro culture and directed differentiation of stem cells in vitro. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics