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09 December 2012, Volume 16 Issue 50 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Miao Nationality’s Jiuxianluohanjiegu decoction promotes fracture healing: X-ray comparison at different phases Yang Yan-jun, Xiong Yi, Cheng Zhi-gang, Yi Hong-cheng, Lü Ying, Tang Liang-hua 2012, 16 (50):  9311-9315.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.50.001 Abstract ( 348 )   PDF (306KB) ( 627 )   Save BACKGROUND: Jiuxianluohanjiegu decoction composed of purslane speedwell herb, glabrous sarcandra herb, and Glomeris nipponica Kishida can promote blood circulation to clear blood stasis and remove obstruction in the collateral, rejoin bone fracture, reduce selling, and relieve pain. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect and mechanism of Miao Nationality’s Jiuxianluohanjiegu decoction on promoting the healing of rabbit tibial fractures. METHODS: Jiuxianluohanjiegu decoction was decocted to the required concentration using the traditional Chinese medicine method, and then filtrated using millipore filtration for standby. Right tibialis anterior disruption in New Zealand rabbits, 3 mm in width and 2 mm in depth, was performed to prepare bone defect models. Then, the models were randomly divided into three groups: Jiegu decoction group (experimental group), Sanqi (Panax Notoginseng) control group, and saline group. Body weight, body temperature, X-ray, with blood cells, red blood cells, platelets, serum calcium, serum phosphate, alkaline phosphatase concentration changes of New Zealand rabbits were observed at different phases of fracture healing. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Jiuxianluohanjiegu decoction promoted callus growth, and shortened the healing time. Compared with the other two groups, weight growth were faster, serum calcium and phosphorus levels were significantly increased for 2 weeks, and serum alkaline phosphatase level was increased significantly for 21 days in the experimental group (P < 0.05). Jiuxianluohanjiegu decoction could promote calcium deposition at the fracture end, and greatly contribute to fracture healing. These findings indicate that Miao Nationality’s Jiuxianluohanjiegu decoction can promote callus formation and shorten healing time in the treatment of rabbit tibial fractures. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of mangiferin on the proliferation of rat osteoblasts Pan Sheng-cai, Li Xiao-feng, Tang Yu-jin, Xie Ke-gong, Lan Chang-gong, Lu Xian-zhe 2012, 16 (50):  9316-9320.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.50.002 Abstract ( 293 )   PDF (331KB) ( 401 )   Save BACKGROUND: Mangiferin and its extracts have many physiological and pharmacological effects, but whether they can promote the proliferation of osteoblasts has not been reported. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of mangiferin on the proliferation of osteoblasts cultured in vitro from SD rats. METHODS: The osteoblasts from the skull of neonatal SD rats were cultured by the second enzyme digestion. The MTT method and flow cytometry were used to observe the cytotoxicity proliferation of osteoblasts cultured in vitro by different concentrations of mangiferin at different time points. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In a certain range of concentrations, different concentrations of mangiferin could promote the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts in a certain dose and time dependent manner. The optimal concentration of mangiferin was 40 μmol/L to promote the proliferation of osteoblasts. When the drug action time was 48 and 72 hours, 20, 40 and 80 μmol/L mangiferin could significantly promote osteoblast proliferation (P <0.01 or P < 0.05). The S-phase fraction of osteoblasts treated with 20, 40, and 80 μmol/L mangiferin was significantly increased than that of normal cells, especially those treated with 40 μmol/L mangiferin (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that in a certain range of concentrations, mangiferin can promote the proliferation of osteoblasts in vitro. Related Articles | Metrics

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Post-effects of bipolar radiofrequency energy treatment time on articular cartilage injury   Ji Xian-qun, Wang Da-ping, Xiong Jian-yi, Liu Jian-quan, Zhu Wei-min, Xu Mei-quan, Zhang Xiao-li 2012, 16 (50):  9321-9325.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.50.003 Abstract ( 306 )   PDF (469KB) ( 412 )   Save BACKGROUND: Radiofrequency has been used for the treatment of cartilage injury, but its safety and post-effect is not exact. OBJECTIVE: To observe the chondrocyte viability and surface contouring through flow cytometer and scanning electron microscope respectively during different treatment periods with bipolar radiofrequency energy under simulated arthroscopy in order to evaluate the effect and safety of bipolar radiofrequency for the treatment of cartilage injury. METHODS: Thirty-six New Zealand white rabbits were selected, and under sterile conditions, the anterior cruciate ligament removal and medial meniscectomy were performed to make models of cartilage injury. At 6 weeks after modeling, cartilage injury of the left knee joint was treated with bipolar radiofrequency for different time periods: 5, 10 and 20 seconds, the right side was as control without radiofrequency ablation. Then, the post-effect of bipolar radiofrequency for the treatment of cartilage injury was observed after treated for 8 weeks. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: General observation showed that the macro-pathologic articular cartilage surface of the treatment groups was smoother than that in the control group; the scanning electron microscope score in the 10 seconds group and 20 seconds group was higher than that in the 5 seconds group and control group, and the difference was significant (P < 0.05); the mortality rate of chondrocytes in 20 seconds group was significantly higher than that in 5 seconds group, 10 seconds group and the control group, and the difference was significant (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference between 5 seconds group, 10 seconds group and control group (P > 0.05) . The treatment time should be minimized when the bipolar radiofrequency can achieve the desired effect on the treatment of articular cartilage injury, in order to reduce the damage on the chondrocytes, as the speed of cartilage degeneration can be delayed by bipolar radiofrequency treatment. Related Articles | Metrics

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Ibandronate combined with parathyroid hormone for the treatment of ovariectomized osteoporosis Yang Hao-xia, Yang Yang, Zhang Jing, Yao Chang 2012, 16 (50):  9326-9330.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.50.004 Abstract ( 311 )   PDF (311KB) ( 404 )   Save BACKGROUND: Human recombinated parathyroid hormone can significantly improve the bone formation, increase the bone mineral density and reduce the rate of bone fracture. It is receipted that parathyroid hormone plays an important role in curing postmenopausal osteoporosis. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of the combination therapy of human parathyroid hormone (PTH 1-34) and ibandronate in the treatment of ovariectomized rat osteoporosis. METHODS: Thirty-two health rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, ibandronate group and ibandronate+parathyroid hormone group. Except for the control group, the rats in the other three groups received ovariectomy. At 4 weeks after surgery, normal saline, ibandronate and ibandronate+parathyroid hormone were injected subcutaneously in the latter three groups, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The bone calcium content of the model rat group was significantly lower than of the other three groups, ibandronate+parathyroid hormone could improve the rat bone calcium content and bone mineral density and reduce the serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase levels, combination therapy was superior to monotherapy. In conclusion, ibandronate has a significant inhibitory effect on bone mass loss in ovariectomized osteoporosis rats. The combined use of ibandronate and parathyroid hormone can increase bone mineral content which provide the basis for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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MRI-monitored early revascularization of bone morphogenetic protein-2/allograft Deng Wei, Jin Ge-le, Yin Jian, Yang Yi, Liu Xiao-chen 2012, 16 (50):  9331-9336.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.50.005 Abstract ( 398 )   PDF (495KB) ( 499 )   Save BACKGROUND: Our previous study confirmed that the osteogenesis of the composite bone (bone morphogenetic protein-2/allograft) is not lower than that of the autogenous bone, and the composite bone can induce the angiogenesis, however, there is no effective approach to monitoring the degree of early angiogenesis process. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the dynamic process and degree of revascularization in rabbits undergoing posterolateral lumbar spinal fusion with composite bone via magnetic resonance perfusion imaging plus in situ hybridization method. METHODS: Forty-five adult male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: composite bone group, autogenous bone group and simple allograft group. The rabbits in each group undergoing intertransverse posterior lunbar interbody fusion at L4 and L5 respectively. The uncellular tissue engineering bone strip, self-iliac bar and simple allogeneic iliac bar were implanted into every group respectively. At 14, 28 and 42 days after surgery, the imaging data was obtained by MRI technology, then the fusion specimens were selected for the in situ hybridization detection. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were significant differences of magnetic resonance imaging signal intensity enhancement ratio between groups (P < 0.05), the ratio of the signal strength of composite bone group reached highest at 42 days after surgery, and there was significant difference between groups. At the 14, 28 and 42 days after surgery, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA in situ hybridization staining positive cells in composite bone group was higher than that in the autogenous bone and allograft group (P < 0.05). It is helpful to reflect the dynamic process of vascularization of the composite bone via MRI with the characteristics of noninvasive, radiation-free, sensitive and quantitative; The establishment of blood supply of composite bone early and timely can promote the bone formation in the posterolateral lumbar spinal fusion, it may provide more choices for bone graft substitute materials. Related Articles | Metrics

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Histomorphometric difference in periodontal tension side under different orthodontic appliances Ma Yong-ping, Tain Yue, Zhang Hong 2012, 16 (50):  9337-9343.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.50.006 Abstract ( 288 )   PDF (615KB) ( 529 )   Save BACKGROUND: Self-locking bracket appliance is small in size, comfortable, and conducive to the protection of the oral hygiene, which has gained more and more attention from orthodontists. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of different orthodontic appliances in the histopathological changes in rabbit periodontal tissue in the tension side. METHODS: Totally 64 healthy rabbits were selected to establish the animal model of orthodontic tooth movement, and then were randomly divided into four groups: control group, MBT appliance group, Begg appliance group, and Damon III appliance group. The appliance was ligated between the maxillary incisor and the first molar, pulling the 1-mm mesial movement of the maxillary first molar. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 14 days of appliance application, trabecular bone volume and trabecular width were significantly increased, the trabecular space became narrower, and the number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts was dramatically increased in the MBT appliance group, Begg appliance group, and Damon Ⅲ appliance group as compared with the control group (P < 0.05). At 21 days, Damon Ⅲ appliance had a superior effect over the MBT appliance and Begg appliance in trabecular bone volume, trabecular width, trabecular space and the number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that in the initial phase of orthodontic tooth movement, MBT appliance, Begg appliance, and Damon Ⅲ appliance all have orthodontic effects, and furthermore, Damon Ⅲappliance is better than the MBT appliance and Begg appliance in the late stage. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of beta-catenin in tooth germ development of mice with cleft palate   Wang Li-ting, Song Rong, Wang Sha, Si Qing-zong, Zhang Rui, Wang Jian-lin, Zhao Wang-hong 2012, 16 (50):  9344-9348.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.50.007 Abstract ( 287 )   PDF (473KB) ( 407 )   Save BACKGROUND: In the biological study of dental development, signal transduction is a hot issue, and β-catenin is the key effector of the Wnt signaling pathway. β-catenin expresses in the tooth germ development and shows a temporal changes in the expression in the inner enamel epithelium, enamel knot, stellate reticulum, and intermediate layer. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the morphologic changes of tooth germ development during cleft palate induced by all-trans retinoic acid in C57BL/6J mice, and to detect the effect of excess all-trans retinoic acid on the expression of β-catenin in tooth germ development. METHODS: Eighteen pregnant mice which were divided into experimental group, vegetable oil control group and blank control group were examined by slight microscopy. Mice in the experimental group were treated with 100 mg/kg all-trans retinoic acid at E10 d to make cleft palate models. Mice in the vegetable oil control group received intragastric administration of 10 mL/kg olive oil. The blank control group had no treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: During E13 d, E14 d, and E16 d, positive expression of β-catenin was found in the oral epithelium and the dental lamina, gradually became stronger where cells actively proliferated in the blank control group. The experimental group had similar changing tendency with the blank control group. The level of β-catenin in the blank control group was lower than that of the experimental group during all stages. The same expression level of β-catenin occurred both in the vegetable oil control group and blank control group. The changes of β-catenin expression induced by excess all-trans retinoic acid in the epithelium-mesenchymal interaction regulating morphogenesis of tooth germ may be related to the cleft palate induced by all-trans retinoic acid, and the expression of β-catenin displays an up-regulation tendency, which thus interferes with the development of tooth germ. Related Articles | Metrics

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Distribution of first molar occlusal wear facets in healthy people    Bai Lan-jun, Liu Hao, Luo Yun, Wang Min 2012, 16 (50):  9349-9356.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.50.008 Abstract ( 325 )   PDF (462KB) ( 503 )   Save BACKGROUND: Information about life, food, and mastication behavior during the lifespan of an individual is encoded in the dental occlusal wear pattern. It has a profound significance in tooth treatment and restoration. Studies on tooth macrowear and microwear are rare, and mainly emphasize the field of palaeoanthropology and discrimination of different species. Few studies are focused on the application of the wear facet to the dental clinical and individual identification. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the distribution and microwear pattern of first molar wear facet, and to explore the potential value in first molar wear facet for dental clinic and individual identification. METHODS: We chose 45 health volunteers as research subjects, and divided them into three groups, age 20-29 years, age 30-39 years, age 40-49 year. Each group had 15 persons. Then plaster modes were prepared in all the volunteers. The wear facets appearing on the first molar were recorded. The microwear patterns of the first molar were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: As age increased, the appearance frequency of wear facet 10 in the maxillary first molar and wear facets 7, 10 in the mandibular first molar was increased (P < 0.05). The microwear pattern was different in different age groups. Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction and identification of human telomerase reverse transcriptase-targeted small hairpin RNA-expressing plasmid Hu Fan-guo, Shi Yu-rong, Niu Rui-fang, Liu Tong, Zhi Xiang-cheng 2012, 16 (50):  9357-9363.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.50.009 Abstract ( 374 )   PDF (562KB) ( 504 )   Save BACKGROUND: The activation of telomerase is closely related to the occurrence and development of malignant tumor. While telomerase reverse transcriptase is the critical subunit of telomerase and now it is a hot point in the field of cancer research. RNA interference which is a kind of effective and specific gene blocking method has been widely used in cancer and virus research area. OBJECTIVE: To construct the human telomerase reverse transcriptase-targeted small hairpin RNA-expressing plasmid (hTERT-targeted shRNA-expressing plasmid) system, and to observe its effect on hTERT expression and telomerase activity in breast cancer cells T47D. METHODS: Sequence of hTERT-targeted shRNA was designed based on the mRNA sequence of hTERT which was obtained from the Genbank. They were recombined with the plasmid pBAsi-hU6-Neo (BamHI/HindⅢ) which is immune to antibiotic G418, and then those plasmids were identified by gene sequencing to make sure they were correctly connected. Then those plasmids were transfected into breast cancer cells T47D with liposome and those cells expressing shRNA were selected by G418. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The hTERT-targeted shRNA-expressing plasmids were successfully constructed, which was proved by gene sequencing. Then the pBAsi-hU6-Neo recombined plasmids were transfected into T47D cells, and the successfully transfected cells were selected with G418. Reverse transcription-PCR and western blot showed that the expression of the trasfected hTERT was significantly decreased both on mRNA and protein levels (P < 0.01), and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that the telomerase activity of the TERT in the experimental group was decreased significantly (P < 0.01). It showed that the hTERT-targeted shRNA-expressing plasmids were successfully constructed, and the designed small interferencing RNA can effectively block the expression of hTERT and then inhibit the telomerase activity. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of a composite decalcification solution in rabbit femoral condyle specimens   Zhang Chun-li, Hou Shu-xun, Zhao Yan-tao, Zhou Ying, Liu Yan, Geng Ling 2012, 16 (50):  9364-9369.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.50.010 Abstract ( 392 )   PDF (464KB) ( 542 )   Save BACKGROUND: Rabbit bone defect model is widely used in the researches of bone substitute materials. The difficulty of decalcification is common in the experiments of rabbit bone defect models because of normal decalcification and slicing procedure before observation. OBJECTIVE: In current study, a composite decalcification solution was attempted to solve the problem. METHODS: Twelve rabbit femoral condyle specimens were divided into test and control groups randomly. A composite decalcification solution (8 mL hydrochloric acid, 10 mL formic acid, 5 mL acetic acid, and 100 mL neutral formalin fixation solution) and a common formic acid were used to treat the specimens under normal temperature. After the 1-week decalcification process, the specimens were dehydrated, embedded, sliced and dyed. The ratio of intact slices was compared. The quality and micro structure of the slices were observed. And the cost of two decalcification solutions was evaluated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The intact ratio of slices was significantly improved in test group (74% versus 18%, P < 0.05). The dying quality was good with a clear background, and micro structures were all preserved well and indicated clearly. The contrast between different tissues was obvious. The cost of the decalcification solution was decreased by 65%. These findings indicate that the composite decalcification solution can solve the difficulty in the decalcification of rabbit bone defect repairing models effectively and the solution is convenient and advantageous in cost, which is beneficial for spreading the applications. Related Articles | Metrics

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Differential expression of microRNAs in human keloids   Guo Xiao-rui, Liang Jie, Huang Ru-lin, Lu Ling, Jin Yu-dan, Luo Shao-jun, Wu Zhi-yuan 2012, 16 (50):  9370-9375.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.50.011 Abstract ( 354 )   PDF (378KB) ( 702 )   Save BACKGROUND: Keloid formation is affected by regulations of many genes and cytokines. However, it is not clear about the mechanism underlying the regulation of these genes and cytokines expressions. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the differential expression of microRNAs between human normal skins and keloid tissues, and to initially screen microRNAs expression profiling in keloid tissues. METHODS: According to clinical diagnostic criteria and experiment demands, the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria of keloids and normal skins were formulated: keloids (six cases) and normal human skins (five cases). Total RNAs were extracted from keloids and normal skin tissues by Trizol, and microRNAs were further isolated by Ambion’s miRNA Isolation Kit. In keloids, the differential expression profile of microRNAs was harvested by significance analysis of microarrays (SAM) and Cluster, based on microarray screening. Real time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR was applied to verify reliability of microRNA array results. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Differential expression profile of MicroRNAs (n=12) was obtained in human keloids, which may be related to the pathogenesis and development of keloids. Moreover, part of them may be used for unique molecular markers for diagnosis and treatment of keloids. Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction and identification of recombinant adenovirus vectors encoding human bone morphogenetic protein 2   Qiu Jun-qin, Yin Cheng-hui, Zeng Zhao-xun, Chen Zong-xiong 2012, 16 (50):  9376-9381.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.50.012 Abstract ( 274 )   PDF (393KB) ( 464 )   Save BACKGROUND: Bone morphogenetic protein 2 plays a key role in inducing osteogenesis. It involves in a series of bioprocess, including cell proliferation, determining the differentiation direction of germ line and cell death.  OBJECTIVE: To construct and identify the recombinant adenovirus vectors encoding human bone morphogenetic protein 2 gene by using AdMax system. METHODS: First, human bone morphogenetic protein 2 gene sequencing was amplified by PCR from human cDNA template and then cloned. Second, the recombinant shuttle plasmid was constructed and transformed into Escherichia coli competent cells DH5α. After the positive colonies were identified by colonies PCR and sequencing, the expression vectors were amplified and extracted. Next, the adenovirus expression vectors with target gene and the helper packaging plasmid carrying a majority of adenovirus genes were co-transfeced into 293 cells for virus packaging and amplification. Finally, target genes were detected by PCR, and target protein was detected by Western blot method, as well as infectious titer of the recombinant adenovirus was detected by end point dilution method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Gene fragment of a length of 1 223 bp human bone morphogenetic protein 2 was obtained by PCR. The expression vectors constructed by homologous recombination techniques were identified by PCR cloning and sequencing; the results were correct. After virus packaging and amplification in 293 cells were identified by Western blot and PCR methods, the virus titer of recombinant adenovirus was 5×1013 pfu/L. These results suggest that the recombinant adenovirus vectors carrying human bone morphogenetic protein 2 gene have been constructed successfully. Related Articles | Metrics

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Several drugs intervene rat models of osteoporosis: Cutting mechanical characteristics of the thighbone Zhang Qiao, Gao Ming, Li Xin-ying 2012, 16 (50):  9382-9386.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.50.013 Abstract ( 314 )   PDF (268KB) ( 399 )   Save BACKGROUND: Cutting mechanical performance indexes are a reliable method for quantitative evaluation of osteoporosis after drug treatment. OBJECTIVE: To establish animal models of osteoporosis and to compare the changes in cutting mechanical performance in rat models of osteoporosis after different drug interventions. METHODS: Fifty rats were selected to prepare models of osteoporosis by removal of both ovaries, and then randomized into five groups: model group with no treatment, compound Chinese medicine group with 0.9 g/kg Chinese medicine per day, alendronate group with 1 mg/kg alendronate per day, vitamin K group with 0.1 mg/kg vitamin K per day, calcium supplement group with 2 mg/kg calcium supplement per day. Another 10 rats served as normal control group. Electronic universal testing machine was used for shear force determination. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Maximum shear force and maximum shear stress in the model group were lower than those in the normal control, compound, alendronate and vitamin K groups (P < 0.05). No difference was found in the maximum shear force and maximum shear stress between the model and calcium supplement groups and between the compound and normal control groups. These results suggested that Chinese medicine, western medicine and vitamin K have a certain effect on osteoporosis rats, especially Chinese medicine. However, calcium supplement has no obvious effect on osteoporosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Single-bundle and double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in the medial collateral ligament-deficient knee Chen Lian-xu, Wang Hong-hong 2012, 16 (50):  9387-9390.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.50.014 Abstract ( 375 )   PDF (189KB) ( 477 )   Save BACKGROUND: It is controversial that single-bundle and double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with conservative treatment of medial collateral ligament (MCL) in the treatment of combined injuries of the ACL and MCL. OBJECTIVE: To observe the biomechanical difference of single-bundle and double-bundle ACL reconstruction in the MCL-deficient knee. METHODS: Totally 16 adult pig knees were randomly divided into two groups. The ACL and MCL of the knee was transected, single-bundle ACL reconstruction was performed in one group, and double-bundle ACL reconstruction in another group. The anterior tibial translation (ATT), internal rotation (IR) and external rotaion (ER) of the tibia were measured with Robot in states of intact knee, ACL and MCL transected, single-bundle and double-bundle ACL reconstruction at different knee flexion. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the intact knee, ATT, IR and ER were significantly increased in the ACL and MCL transected knee. After the ACL reconstruction in the MCL-deficient knee, ATT, IR and ER were significantly restored, and double-bundle ACL reconstruction was superior to single-bundle ACL reconstruction in restoring ER of the tibia. These findings indicate that double-bundle ACL reconstruction is superior to single-bundle ACL reconstruction at restoration of tibial ER stability in the MCL-deficient knee with redard to treatment of combined injuries of the ACL and MCL. Related Articles | Metrics

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Stress relaxation properties of an animal model of inferior vena cava thrombosis   Hou Xu-hui, Yang Song-bai, Yin Jian, Zhang Jing-ju 2012, 16 (50):  9391-9395.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.50.015 Abstract ( 385 )   PDF (268KB) ( 408 )   Save BACKGROUND: Stress relaxation is an important the viscoelastic indicator of the inferior vena cava, and relevant studies have not been reported yet. OBJECTIVE: To compare the stress relaxation properties of the inferior vena cava between the normal animals and the aged models of deep vein thrombosis. METHODS: A total of 20 samples of the two groups underwent stress relaxation test on the AG-10TA universal material testing machine. Strain acceleration was 1%/s. The duration of the test was 7 200 seconds. Total 100 data were collected and analyzed. Regression analysis was applied to process data. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The stress relaxation at 7 200 seconds was 0.026 8 MPa and 0.023 MPa, respectively, in the normal control group and model group. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). The stress relaxation curve followed the logarithmic relationship. The stress relaxation changed best within the first 600 seconds, then decreased gradually and reached the basic level at 7 200 seconds. The stress relaxation properties were affected in the aged animals of inferior vena cava thrombosis, and deep vein thrombosis had a certain effect on the stress relaxation properties of the inferior vena cava. Related Articles | Metrics

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Left coronary artery stress relaxation properties of aging spontaneously hypertensive rats and Sprague Dawley rats Liuo Bo, Yu Bo, Wang Wen-zhi 2012, 16 (50):  9396-9400.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.50.016 Abstract ( 532 )   PDF (316KB) ( 419 )   Save BACKGROUND: There are many studies on the stress relaxation properties of normal human corpses and animal arteries, but the research about the stress relaxation of the left coronary artery of aging spontaneously hypertensive rats and Sprague Dawley rats is rarely reported. OBJECTIVE: To comparatively analyze the left coronary artery stress relaxation properties of aging spontaneously hypertensive rats and Sprague Dawley rats in order to provide the stress relaxation index for repairing the vascular injury induced by hypertension.  METHODS: Ten left coronary artery samples of 4-5 months old normal Sprague Dawley male rats and the aging spontaneously hypertensive model rats were selected, and then put them in the Shimadzu electronic universal testing machine to do the stress relaxation test, simulated the human body temperature at (36.5±0.1) ℃, and then imposed the strain in 0.05%/s strain increases speed, the time was set as 7 200 seconds, 100 data were collected. The samples normalized creep equation of the two groups was calculated with the normalized analysis method.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The samples creep curve of the two groups was changed in exponential relationship. The 7 200 seconds strain rising volume of the samples in the Sprague Dawley rats group was significantly greater than that in the spontaneously hypertensive group (P < 0.05). And there were different stress relaxation properties of the left coronary artery between normal Sprague Dawley rats and aging spontaneously hypertensive rats. Related Articles | Metrics

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Intra- and interrater reliability in the isokinetic muscle strength test of wrist joint in healthy youth Xu Jing-fei, Wang Jin-song, Yu Yong, He Cheng-qi 2012, 16 (50):  9401-9406.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.50.017 Abstract ( 427 )   PDF (308KB) ( 1046 )   Save BACKGROUND: Increased studies use the isokinetic dynamometry to evaluate the wrist strength. But no intra- and interrater reliability of isokinetic muscle strength test in wrist joint has been reported. OBJECTIVE: To observe the peak torque and total work generated by the wrist flexion and extension muscles in healthy youth during isokinetic muscle strength test. METHODS: Twenty-eight healthy subjects were randomly divided into two groups. Each subject in the two groups was tested twice at 60(°)/s and 180(°)/s angular velocities. In the first session, subjects in group A were tested by rater A and subjects in group B were tested by rater B. In the second session, all subjects were tested by rater B. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The intrarater reliability intraclass correlation coefficients of peak torque and total work values for wrist flexion and extension ranged from 0.65 to 0.95 at 60(°)/s and 180(°)/s angular velocities. The interrater reliability intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.70 to 0.95. The peak torque and total work of isokinetic muscle strength test for wrist joint displayed good to excellent intra- and interrater reliability at low and high angular velocities in healthy youth. Related Articles | Metrics

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Duhuojisheng decoction effects on prostaglandin E2 in rabbit models of lumbar disc herniation Yang Bin, Li Zhou-jin, Deng Zhi, Wu Guan-bao 2012, 16 (50):  9407-9413.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.50.018 Abstract ( 432 )   PDF (473KB) ( 576 )   Save BACKGROUND: Duhuojisheng decoction is a basic prescription of Chinese medicine for treatment of lumbar disc herniation, but its mechanism is yet unclear. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of Duhuojisheng decoction on prostaglandin E2 in rabbits with lumbar disc herniation. METHODS: Models of lumbar disc herniation were established in New Zealand rabbits using molding device, and verified successfully through CT examination at 1 week after modeling. The model rabbits were randomly divided into model group (treated with normal saline), voltaren group (treated with 2.3 mg/kg voltaren) and Duhuojisheng decoction group (treated with 2.3 mg/kg Duhuojisheng decoction). The treatment was done twice a day, continued 2 weeks. Normal rabbits and rabbits undergoing sham operation were used as controls.nucleus pulpous and annulus fibrosus tissue visible RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: ①Hematoxylin-eosin staining results showed that granulation tissue ingrowth, neovascularization and massive infiltration of inflammatory cells were visible in nucleus pulpous and annulus fibrosus tissue after successful modeling of lumbar disc herniation. However, there was a remarkable relief in inflammatory cell infiltration after intragastric administration of Duhuojisheng decoction and voltaren. ②The results of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay showed that prostaglandin E2 levels in local soft tissues and peripheral plasma were increased significantly after modeling, and then decreased afte administration of Duhuojisheng decoction and voltaren (P < 0.01). However, there was no difference in prostaglandin E2 levels after administration of Duhuojisheng decoction and voltaren (P > 0.05). These findings indicate that prostaglandin E2 plays a critical role in lumbar disc herniation, mediating in vivo inflammatory reaction. Duhuojisheng decoction can cure lumbar disc herniation through regulation of prostaglandin E2 expression, and its anti-inflammatory mechanism is similar to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as voltaren. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of cold and dry environment on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 1 mRNA in bone tissues of different pathogenic factors induced models Li Feng-sen, Gao Zhen, Xu Dan, Jing Jing, Wang Jing 2012, 16 (50):  9414-9418.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.50.019 Abstract ( 293 )   PDF (184KB) ( 535 )   Save BACKGROUND: The studies have showed that the dry and cold environment of Xinjiang area can affect many diseases, but the specific mechanism is unknown, which is not conducive to carry out the geographical and personalized treatment for the diseases. OBJECTIVE: To reveal the effect of cold and dry environment composite different diseases predisposing factor on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 1 mRNA in rat bone tissue. METHODS: The models were established by smoking or dripping pancreatic elastase in trachea combined with smoking, and stimulated with cold and dry environment, the fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to determine the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 1 mRNA in bone tissue. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The expression of matrix metalloproteinase 1 mRNA in bone tissue of smoking composite dry and cold environment group was higher than that of the smoking group (P < 0.05); the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 1 mRNA in bone tissue of smoking+pancreatic elastase composite dry and cold environment group was higher than that of the smoking+pancreatic elastase group (P < 0.01). It shows that dry and cold environment can exacerbate the damage of bone when compound with different diseases predisposing factors, such as smoking, smoking and pancreatic elastase. Related Articles | Metrics

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Liubaichangsha granule effects on bone morphogenetic protein 2 and LIM mineralization protein 1 in cervical disease rabbits Shi Dong-liang, Yang Hao, He Zi-ke, Wang Zi-hua 2012, 16 (50):  9419-9424.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.50.020 Abstract ( 259 )   PDF (420KB) ( 378 )   Save BACKGROUND: Bone morphogenetic protein 2 and LIM mineralization protein 1 play an important role in osteoblast differentiation and maturation, which are greatly associated with cervical diseases. OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of Liubaichangsha granule on bone morphogenetic protein 2 and LIM mineralization protein 1 in the peripheral serum of cervical disease rabbit models. METHODS: Fifty adult rabbits were randomly divided into five groups. Cervical disease models were made through keeping squatting and head-bending position in all the groups except for the normal control group. Intragastric administration of 0.25 g Jingfukang granule, 0.5 g Liubaichangsha granule and 0.25 Liubaichangsha granule per day was performed respectively in the Jingfukang group, low-dose and high-dose Liubaichangsha groups. The same volume of diluted water was given in the normal control and model groups. All the rabbits were examined with roentgenogram and dual energy radiograph absorptiometry for the cervical vertebrae in the 4th and 12th weeks, the pathology of the cervical intervertebra discs were measured in the 12th week, and bone morphogenetic protein 2 and LIM mineralization protein 1 levels in the peripheral blood serum were determined and observed in the     12th week. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The bone morphogenetic protein 2 and LIM mineralization protein 1 levels in the high-dose Liubaichangsha group were significantly higher than those in the normal control, model and low-dose Liubaichangsha groups (P < 0.05). The model group had a lower levels of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and LIM mineralization protein 1 as compared with the normal control, Jingfukang and high-dose Liubaichangsha groups (P < 0.05), but not differ from the low-dose Liubaichangsha group (P > 0.05). These findings indicate that Liubaichangshagranule can increase the levels of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and LIM mineralization protein 1 so as to cure cervicaldiseases. Related Articles | Metrics

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Baicalein protects rat cardiac myocytes from hypoxia/reoxygenation induced apoptosis via antioxidant and modulation of intracellular calcium concentration Lu Yan, Kong Ling-cai, Zhang Zhao-hua 2012, 16 (50):  9425-9430.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.50.021 Abstract ( 305 )   PDF (285KB) ( 563 )   Save BACKGROUND: Protective mechanisms of baicalein against myocardial hypoxia/reoxygenation injury are still nuclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective role of baicalein in cardiomyocytes against hypoxia/reoxygenation induced apoptosis. METHODS: Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were isolated and cultured in vitro, and the cells were randomly divided into three groups: normal control group with no treatment, hypoxia/reoxygenation group exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation, and baicalein group pretreated with 10 μmol/L baicalein for 30 minutes followed by hypoxia/reoxygenation. The extent of cellular injury was determined by measuring activity of lactate dehydrogenase released in the supernatant, the number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes was detected by flow cytometry. To further study the mechanism, the myocardial Bcl-2 and Bax protein levels were determined by Western blot, the changes of intracellular calcium concentration was monitored by Fura-2-acetoxymethyl ester. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the normal control group, the activity of lactate dehydrogenase, the number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes, myocardial Bax protein level, intracellular calcium concentration were increased  (P < 0.05), as well as myocardial Bcl-2 protein level was decreased (P < 0.05). However, pretreatment with baicalein could protect rat cardiomyocytes from hypoxia/reoxygenation induced apoptosis, increase anti-apoptotic protein level of Bcl-2, decrease the pro-apoptotic protein level of Bax, and down-regulate intracellular calcium concentration. These findings indicate that baicalein can inhibit the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation injury, and its mechanism may be related to antioxidant and modulation of intracellular calcium concentration. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of human beta-defensins in skin keratinocytes under the induction of tumor necrosis factor alpha Chen Jie, Chen Li-li, Du Xing-yan, Liu Jia-rong 2012, 16 (50):  9431-9436.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.50.022 Abstract ( 329 )   PDF (456KB) ( 506 )   Save BACKGROUND: Human β-defensin plays an important role in the innate immune of the skin. Because of its broad spectrum antibiotic activity, human β-defensin has become one of the hotspots in the clinical anti-inflammation research.   OBJECTIVE: To show the inducible expression of human β-defensin and Toll-like receptor in human skin keratinocytes by graded concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α).  METHODS: Healthy foreskin tissue samples were obtained from eight patients aged less than 30 years undergoing prepucectomy. Cultured primary human skin keratinocytes from the foreskin were stimulated with graded concentrations of TNF-α (10, 50, 100, 150, and 200 μg/L). Real-time PCR was performed to quantify mRNA expression of β-defensin 1, 2, 3 and Toll-like receptor 2, 4 from the stimulated cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, the expressions of β-defensin 1, 2, 3 and Toll-like receptor 2, 4 in keratinocytes induced by TNF-α were up-regulated apparently and the strongest inducible effect was at the concentration of 150 μg/L (P < 0.05) and down-regulated again at the concentration of 200 μg/L, presenting a dose-dependent manner. Skin keratinocytes showed a marked inductive capacity to produce human β-defensin 1, 2, 3 and Toll-like receptor 2, 4 in response to TNF-α. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of retinoic acid on rat alveolar epithelial cells stimulated by acrolein Cheng Hang-yuan, Zhang Qiang-nu, Zhu Yan-fang, Wang Chen-yu, Wang Yong, Liu Feng, Jiao Zong-xian 2012, 16 (50):  9437-9442.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.50.023 Abstract ( 342 )   PDF (438KB) ( 594 )   Save BACKGROUND: Alveolar epithelial cells type Ⅱ AECII (AECⅡ) is the stem cells of alveolar epithelial tissue, and most of lung diseases are closely related with the damage of AECⅡ. Studies have demonstrated that retinoic acid cannot only promote the rat alveolar formation during the development, but also promote the repair of lung injuries. However, several studies have shown that retinoic acid plays an insignificant role in the treatment of emphysema models. OBJECTIVE: To explore whether retinoic acid can protect AECⅡ against acrolein. METHODS: AECⅡ were isolated and purified from the lung tissue of male Sprague-Dawley rats using modified method, followed by primary culture. Then, MTT method was done to observe the cell viability of AECⅡ stimulated by acrolein, and cell cycle changes induced by acrolein and/or retinoic acid were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The cell viability fell down by the treatment of acrolein in a dose-dependent manner. The result of flow cytometry showed that cell population in G1 phase increased significantly after treatment with acrolein, but retinoic acid had no antagonistic action to acrolein. The relevant mechanism still needs further studies. Related Articles | Metrics

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Association between basic fibroblast growth factor gene single nucleotide polymorphisms and osteoporosis in female population of Zhuang nationality in Guangxi Lin Chao-wen, Wang Jin-hua, Zhou Qing-hui, Huang Xiu-feng, Yang Yuan-yuan, Chen Bing-pu 2012, 16 (50):  9443-9447.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.50.024 Abstract ( 407 )   PDF (303KB) ( 537 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that basic fibroblast growth factor plays an important role in bone repair, but the relationship of basic fibroblast growth factor gene polymorphism with bone metabolism in osteoporosis has rarely been reported. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation of five single nucleotide polymorphisms of basic fibroblast growth factor gene and bone mineral density of Guangxi Zhuang nationality women. METHODS: A case-control study was carried out in 239 osteopenia patients and 83 matched controls. Genotypes for five loci of basic fibroblast growth factor gene (rs12644427, rs3789138, rs308379, rs308442 and rs3747676) were determined by Multiplex SNaPshot. Broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) for the right leg calcaneal was measured by French production of Osteospace dry ultrasound bone densitometer. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: rs12644427, rs3789138, rs308379, rs308442 and rs3747676 polymorphisms met with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P > 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed only rs308379 polymorphism remained significantly associated with low bone mass (odds ratio=2.123, 95% confidence interval: 1.004-4.491, P=0.049). The results confirm that, intron 1 rs308379 polymorphism of basic fibroblast growth factor gene and bone mineral density of Zhuang nationality women from Zhuang Autonomous Region have some relevance. The presence of the TT genotype may dominantly increase the risk for reduced bone mineral density. AA genotype has a protective effect on bone mineral density. The data also suggest that the rs308442, rs12644427, rs3789138 and rs3747676 polymorphisms are not associated with the bone mineral density of Zhuang nationality women. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of three methods for culturing the air smooth muscle cells of rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Yang Cheng, Liang Rui-yun, Huang Lin-jie, Jiang Shan-ping 2012, 16 (50):  9448-9452.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.50.025 Abstract ( 386 )   PDF (372KB) ( 464 )   Save BACKGROUND: Methods of primary culture have been extensively used to culture airway smooth muscle cells in normal or asthma rats, but the same way to culture airway smooth muscle cells in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease rats has rarely been reported. OBJECTIVE: To establish the rat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease model, and to compare the different growth conditions of airway smooth muscle cells in rat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease models by three methods: attachment-block culture and enzymatic dispersion as well as improved tissue-piece digestion inoculation. METHODS: Sixteen healthy male clean-grade Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into chronic obstructive pulmonary disease group and control group with eight rats in each group. Rats in the control group were fed normally. The rat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease models were established in the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease group by cigarette smoke exposure. The pathologic characteristics of lung tissues of the rat models were observed under microscope. The airway smooth muscle cells of rat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease model were cultured from primary generation using the three ways mentioned above, respectively. The morphology of the cultured cells was observed under phase contrast microscope and α-smooth muscle actin immunostaining was used to identify the cell types. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The rat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease models were established successfully, which was proved by pathology. The cultured cells demonstrated the typical “hill and valley” appearance under phase contrast microscope. After α-smooth muscle actin immunostaining, brown positive reaction was observed in the cytoplasm. There were over 94% cultured cells identified to be airway smooth muscle cells. There was no significant difference of consuming time and quality of cells in these three ways. Compared with the other two methods, attachment-block culture was a more economical and stable and less complicated way to culture airway smooth musclecells in rat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease models. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression and proliferation of human lung and bronchial fibroblast cytoskeleton protein Fang Qiu-hong, Shui Chao-xiang, Wang Yao-yao, Wang Rui-qin, Wang Jing, Ma Ying-min 2012, 16 (50):  9453-9457.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.50.026 Abstract ( 365 )   PDF (315KB) ( 457 )   Save BACKGROUND: The bronchial and lung tissue shows different reconstruction characteristics in the process of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as the bronchial and lung fibroblasts may exhibit different biological characteristics during the process for repairing defects.  OBJECTIVE: To observe the cytoskeleton protein expression and the proliferation of human lung and bronchial fibroblasts cultured in vitro in order to clarify the mechanism of bronchial and lung tissue remodeling of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.  METHODS: Human lung and bronchial fibroblasts were cultured in vitro; the expression of vimentin and α smooth muscle actin was detected by immunohistochemistry; MTT assay was utilized for measuring the fibroblasts proliferation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Vimentin and α smooth muscle actin were intensely expressed in the human lung and bronchial fibroblasts, but the distribution was different between lung and bronchial fibroblasts. In the cytoplasm of lung fibroblasts, vimentin was expressed mainly around the nuclear in a dot-like pattern, and vimentin was distributed along the cell membrane. In the bronchial fibroblasts, the vimentin was distributed along the cell membrane; in the lung fibroblasts, α smooth muscle actin was distributed in the cell membrane. Under the same culture condition, the proliferative degree of lung and bronchial fibroblasts was different. The bronchial fibroblasts proliferated significantly faster than the lung fibroblasts. These findings suggest that bronchial and lung fibroblasts behave differently in the repair and regenerative process of lung and bronchial tissue remodeling, which might play a pivotal role in the airflow limitation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.     Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of toxicity of four anti-cancer drug injections through zebrafish embryos test   Meng Yi, Jin Qiu, Lin Yan-ni, Liu Hua-gang 2012, 16 (50):  9458-9462.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.50.027 Abstract ( 466 )   PDF (305KB) ( 927 )   Save BACKGROUND: Zebrafish embryo toxicity test in China has been widely used in the field of environment, agriculture and ecology, but for the toxicity of drugs, it is still in its infancy. OBJECTIVE: To compare the toxicity of four common anti-cancer drug injections through zebrafish embryo test to further evaluate the potential of zebrafish embryo test for drug toxicity screening. METHODS: Normal developed fertilized 6 hours post-fertilization eggs were selected for drug exposure. The cyclophosphamide, cytarabine hydrochloride, fluorouracil and vincristine sulfate were divided randomly into seven groups, including five test groups treated with different drug-concentrations, blank control group (Holt Buffer, Control A) and cosolvent control group (Holt Buffer contained 0.05% dimethyl sulfoxide, Control B). The development of zebrafish embryos were observed at 72 hours post-fertilization, and the death number, hatching number, malformation and other development defects were all recorded. The malformation rate, mortality rate, regression equation, correlation coefficient and 95% confidence limits, LD50, ED50, and LD1/ED99 were calculated accordingly at 72 hours post-fertilization. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results from zebrafish embryo test showed that LD50 of the four drugs ranged from high to low: cyclophosphamide > cytarabine hydrochloride > fluorouracil > vincristine sulphate. ED50 ranged from high to low: cyclophosphamide > cytarabine hydrochloride > fluorouracil > vincristine sulphate. LD1/ED99 ranged from high to low: vincristine sulphate > fluorouracil > cyclophosphamide > cytarabine hydrochloride. Comparison of toxicity of four anti-cancer drugs in zebrafish embryo test suggests that the zebrafish embryo test is suitable for fast-screening and accessing drug toxicity and safety for several drugs, which can be used for high-throughput drug screen.  Related Articles | Metrics

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A survey on risk factors for elderly knee osteoarthritis    Ou Guang-peng, Xiao Jun, Zheng Zuo-yong, Li Bei, Liu Wei, Li Gan 2012, 16 (50):  9463-9470.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.50.028 Abstract ( 490 )   PDF (502KB) ( 980 )   Save BACKGROUND: Elderly knee osteoarthritis is a most common joint disease, which can cause the elderly lower limb disability and has serious impact on daily activities and life quality of the elderly. Understanding the prevalence factors of elderly knee osteoarthritis plays a positive role in preventing the disease occurrence. OBJECTIVE: To explore the risk factors of elderly knee osteoarthritis through investigating the occurrence of elderly knee osteoarthritis in Gaoming district, Foshan city. METHODS: A total of 2 250 older patients aged over 60 years were selected with stratified multi-stage cluster sampling method from Gaoming district, Foshan city for an epidemiological survey of elderly knee osteoarthritis, 1 125 in male and female. Among them, 1 064 patients received the knee joint anteroposterior and lateral X-ray examination. The diagnostic criteria of elderly knee osteoarthritis included the positive clinical symptoms and ≥ 2 X-ray Kellgren & Lawrence grade. SPSS 13.0 software was used to perform the multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis on the questionnaire results, and to find out the risk factors of knee osteoarthritis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Educational level, dietary habits, smoking, drinking, climbing stairs, squatting defecation and the history of osteoporosis are not the risk factors for elderly knee osteoarthritis (mean odds ratio < 1). Gender, age, obesity, damp and dark living environment, standing working, heavy physical labor, knee trauma history and family history of osteoarthritis are the risk factors for elderly knee osteoarthritis (mean odds ratio > 1). Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect and mechanism of polysaccharide intervention in a rat model of osteoporosis   Zeng Gao-feng, Zhang Zhi-yong, Lu Li, Xiao De-qiang, Zong Shao-hui 2012, 16 (50):  9471-9478.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.50.029 Abstract ( 353 )   PDF (479KB) ( 495 )   Save BACKGROUND: The incidence of osteoporosis is increasing every year, which becomes more and more harmful to the human health. Finding a suitable and effective treatment method and drugs can reduce patients’ and social burden. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the therapeutic effect of various kinds of nature polysaccharide on osteoporosis, and to clarify the effect and mechanism of polysaccharide intervention on osteoporosis. METHODS: Animal experiments were performed to analyze the effect of wolfberry polysaccharide, morinda officinalis how polysaccharide, astragalus polysaccharide and polygonatum polysaccharide on the treatment of osteoporosis. A rat model of castration osteoporosis was established. The effect of nature polysaccharide on the treatment of osteoporosis was evaluated through detecting the relevant biochemical markers, such as the bone mineral density, bone calcium content, interleukin-1 level, interleukin-6 level, nitric oxide synthase level and tumor necrosis factor level. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The wolfberry polysaccharide has the therapeutic effect on osteoporosis through adjusting the absorption and excretion of calcium and the expression of nitric oxide level, tumor necrosis factor-α and transforming growth factor-β. Morinda officinalis how polysaccharide plays the therapeutic effect on osteoporosis through adjusting the expression level of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor. Astragalus polysaccharide can be used to treat osteoporosis by adjusting the immune function and hematopoietic function. Polygonatum polysaccharide exerts the therapeutic effect on osteoporosis through adjusting the expression osteocalcin and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity. All the four kinds of nature polysaccharides have the better therapeutic effect in the rat model of castration osteoporosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Immune escape and biomechanics in the construction of tissue engineered cartilage tissue Li Bin, Wen Yu, Yi Xian-hong, Pan Jun 2012, 16 (50):  9479-9484.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.50.030 Abstract ( 355 )   PDF (426KB) ( 456 )   Save BACKGROUND: Mechanical stress plays a very important role in cartilage tissue engineering, but there are fewer studies on stress induced allogeneic seed cell differentiation and the mechanism of stress to promote differentiation of allogeneic stem cells into chondrocytes is still unclear. OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility of reducing immunogenicity of stem cells to apply allogeneic seed cells in the construction of tissue-engineered cartilage in clinic. METHODS: A computer-based search of PubMed (2000-01/2012-01) was performed using the keywords of “engineered articular cartilage tissue, cartilage immune, articular cartilage, biomechanical”. The language was limited to English. Totally 510 articles were retrieved, and finally 33 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Stem cells with multilineage differentiation potential differentiate into chondrocytes. Mechanical load effects on chondrocytes and mechanical signal transduction mechanism have been explored to carry out a large-scale proliferation of chondrocytes using bioreactor. Gene targeting technology enables the recombination of chromosomal DNA from stem cells cultured in vitro and exogenous homologous sequence to modify β2-microglobulin gene, reduce the immunogenicity of stem cells, and provide low-immunogenicity seed cells for cartilage tissue engineering. Related Articles | Metrics

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Transforming growth factor beta 1/Smads signal transduction and its relationship with scar formation 2012, 16 (50):  9485-9490.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.50.031 Abstract ( 442 )   PDF (459KB) ( 600 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) can promote wound healing and it is also an important growth factor to stimulate scar formation. TGF-β1 and TGF-β1/Smads signal transduction pathway have a significant relationship with scar formation. OBJECTIVE: To further explore the molecular mechanisms of scar formation by studying TGF-β1/Smads signal transduction pathway in the scar formation process. METHODS: By searching CNKI, VIP and PubMed in 1995-10/2010-10 using keywords of “scar, transforming growth factor β1, Smad”, we screened papers focusing on scar formation and TGF-β1/Smads signal transduction pathway that published recently in authoritative journals at home and abroad. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 27 relevant papers were included. These studies have shown that TGF-β1/Smads signal transduction pathway is involved in scar formation, and the occurrence of pathological scar can be lead through the various aspects of intervention in the way. TGF-β1 can play its basic biological functions via signal transduction. Therefore, the in-depth study of TGF-β1 signal transduction pathway and its controlling can further explore mechanisms of scar formation. Based on the above findings, it is beneficial for intervention of scar formation using biological engineering technology at the molecular level so that the cells can timely appear with proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, playing their functions. Finally, the wound healing becomes more ideal. Related Articles | Metrics

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Galanin effects on skeletal muscle glucose transporter protein 4 Guo Li-li, Ren Cai-ling 2012, 16 (50):  9491-9495.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.50.032 Abstract ( 316 )   PDF (410KB) ( 467 )   Save BACKGROUND: Galanin can promote skeletal muscle glucose transporter protein 4 membrane translocation and glucose clearance. Glucose transporter protein 4 is the main carrier of the movement to promote skeletal muscle glucose uptake, thereby increasing skeletal muscle glucose uptake and lowering blood sugar. OBJECTIVE: To explore the combined effect of galanin and insulin on skeletal muscle glucose transporter protein 4 membrane displacement in diabetic rats. METHODS: The first author searched PubMed database (1991-01/2011-12) (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed) and Wanfang Database (1991-01/2011-12) (http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn) using the key words of “galanin, insulin” in English and “galanin, glucose transporter protein 4” in Chinese, respectively. Totally 143 papers were retrieved, and finally 37 articles were included that were related to clinical application and characteristics of galanin and insulin to improve skeletal muscle glucose uptake. Obsolete and duplicate papers were excluded, and articles published recently or in authorized journals were preferred. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Galanin is a widely distributed neuropeptide in the nervous system, with a wide range of neurological and biological functions. It has been recognized that the movement can promote plasma galanin concentration and galanin has a protective mechanism in type 2 diabetic patients. Both galanin and insulin can reduce blood glucose level, and diabetes mellitus is the result of the common barriers of galanin and insulin. Therefore, combination of galanin and insulin becomes a focus that whether the combination effects on skeletal muscle glucose transporter protein 4 membrane displacement is better than that of galanin or insulin alone. Related Articles | Metrics

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Nitric oxide and tendon healing Li Min 2012, 16 (50):  9496-9500.  Abstract ( 313 )   PDF (404KB) ( 403 )   Save BACKGROUND: Researches indicate nitric oxide plays a crucial role in tendon healing. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the progress of recent researches on the nitric oxide and tendon healing. METHODS: A computer-based online search of related papers from January 1992 to December 2011 was performed in PubMed database using the key words “nitric oxide, tendon, healing” in English, and in CNKI database using the key words of “nitric oxide, tendon, healing” in Chinese from January 1995 to December 2011. Totally 115 articles were found, and finally 37 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS ADN CONCLUSION: In normal tendons, there is no expression of nitric oxide synthase; however, in injured tendons, there is a significant increase in nitric oxide synthase activity at different time. When this activity is inhibited, tendon healing is impaired. When nitric oxide, in the correct doses, is added, tendon healing is enhanced. Nitric oxide may play a role in controlling inflammation and extracellular matrix metabolism, which improves the symptoms, signs, quality and function of the tendon. Related Articles | Metrics