Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (21): 3407-3414.doi: 10.12307/2023.133

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Antibacterial mechanism and application of nanomaterials in oral infectious diseases

Luo Tingyan1, Gu Yu1, 2, Qin Xiaofei1   

  1. 1Zunyi Medical University Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai 519041, Guangdong Province, China; 2Guizhou Provincial University Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
  • Received:2022-04-05 Accepted:2022-05-21 Online:2023-07-28 Published:2022-11-24
  • Contact: Gu Yu, Master, Associate professor, Zunyi Medical University Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai 519041, Guangdong Province, China; Guizhou Provincial University Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China Qin Xiaofei, PhD, Associate professor, Zunyi Medical University Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai 519041, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Luo Tingyan, Zunyi Medical University Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai 519041, Guangdong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 32060227 (to QXF); Local Universities, National University Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program, No. 20210661041 (to LTY)

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Oral infection has always been an important factor threatening human health, and it is one of the main research contents in the field of stomatology. Nanomaterials, as an emerging antibacterial material with excellent therapeutic effect, have gradually become a popular choice for the prevention and treatment of oral bacterial infections because of their broad antibacterial spectrum, strong antibacterial effect, good stability, and not easily affected by antibiotic resistance mechanisms. 
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the antibacterial mechanism of nanomaterials and the research status of oral infectious diseases, and provide new research directions and basis for the prevention and treatment of oral bacterial infection. 
METHODS: In February 2022, the first author used a computer to search for relevant literature published from January 2000 to February 2022 on PubMed, Wanfang Data Knowledge Platform and CNKI database, using “nanomaterials, bacteriostatic, oral infection” as the English and Chinese search terms. Finally, 97 articles were included for analysis. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The main antibacterial mechanisms of nanomaterials are: surface contact, immersion-penetration, catalytic oxidation, and photothermal bacterial lysis, through which they have good antibacterial performance in oral infectious diseases. (2) Compared with traditional materials, nanomaterials have a high probability of contacting pathogenic bacteria and have strong bacteriostatic ability. These advantages make them achieve good results in the prevention and treatment of oral infections. However, in terms of clinical application, nanomaterials still have many problems, for example: metal nanoparticles have poor biocompatibility and concentration dependence; the biosafety evaluation system of systematic science is not yet mature, and the process from laboratory to clinical transformation is often accompanied by optimization of parameters and even changes in methods. There are not many types of nano-formulations that can be practically applied in clinical practice. Although there are nanomaterials such as liposomes that can be used for large-scale production, large-scale and reproducible synthesis of nanoparticles will be more difficult when multi-step modification or complex technology is involved. At present, there are still many nanomaterials whose preparation processes are not perfect, and large-scale production cannot be achieved. The application potential needs to be further explored in the future.

Key words: nanomaterial, antibacterial, mechanism, oral cavity, infection, caries, periodontitis, pulp and periapical disease

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