中国组织工程研究 ›› 2010, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (52): 9838-9840.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010. 52.037

• 骨与关节综述 bone and joint review • 上一篇    下一篇

人工膝关节假体设计新进展

赵  奇,蒋  垚   

  1. 上海市第六人民医院关节外科,上海市  200233
  • 出版日期:2010-12-24 发布日期:2010-12-24

Advance in design of artificial knee prosthesis

Zhao Qi, Jiang Yao   

  1. Department of Joint Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai   200233, China
  • Online:2010-12-24 Published:2010-12-24
  • About author:Zhao Qi, Department of Joint Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China

摘要:

纵观膝关节假体设计开发的历史,现代假体的设计要求置换后的膝关节能更好的恢复膝关节本身的运动学特性,同时要求减少关节假体接触面之间的应力,减少假体磨损。通过提高人工膝关节的活动度来增加膝关节的功能,从而建立更像自然膝关节的动力学上人工膝。采用高交联聚乙烯为垫片材料,更好的胫骨假体锁定机制,使用活动负重人工膝关节设计,能使假体更一致并能减少对固定接触面的应力,从而增加假体的使用寿命。

关键词: 人工膝, 假体设计, 膝关节, 关节置换, 文献综述

Abstract:

The requirements of modern knee prosthesis are to better recover the motor properties of knee joint and reduce the stress and wear between contact surfaces of joint prosthesis. Improved functional performance requires enhanced range of motion, increased motor performance, and creation of kinematic patterns that more closely resemble the normal knee. Considerations to reduce polyethylene wear include increased cross-linking, improved femoral component surface finish, better modular tibial locking mechanisms, and the use of mobile-bearing artificial knee jonit designs that allow increased implant conformity and reduced contact stresses without increasing loads transmitted to the fixation interface.

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