中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (27): 7142-7150.doi: 10.12307/2026.758

• 骨科植入物Orthopedic implants • 上一篇    下一篇

胫骨大段感染性骨缺损经骨搬移修复后的愈合特点及影响因素

卜建文,谢增如,马  创   

  1. 新疆医科大学第一附属医院创伤骨科,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市  830054
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-04 接受日期:2025-09-30 出版日期:2026-09-28 发布日期:2026-05-22
  • 作者简介:卜建文,男,1986年生,重庆市人,郑州大学毕业,硕士,主治医师,主要从事创伤骨科疾病方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(2021D01C113),项目负责人:卜建文

Healing characteristics and influencing factors of large-segment infectious bone defect of tibia repaired by bone transfer

Bu Jianwen, Xie Zengru, Ma Chuang   

  1. Department of Trauma Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China
  • Received:2025-08-04 Accepted:2025-09-30 Online:2026-09-28 Published:2026-05-22
  • About author:Bu Jianwen, MS, Attending physician, Department of Trauma Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China
  • Supported by:
    Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 2021D01C113 (to BJW)

摘要:

文题释义:

胫骨大段感染性骨缺损:指因创伤、手术或血源性感染(如骨髓炎)导致骨组织破坏、缺失,同时伴随局部感染持续存在的病理状态。胫骨作为下肢负重骨,其大段感染性骨缺损不仅存在骨结构连续性中断,还因感染导致局部炎症微环境、血运障碍及软组织条件差,显著增加修复难度。
骨搬移修复:是基于Ilizarov技术原理的骨科修复手段,通过在骨缺损近端或远端进行截骨,利用外固定支架缓慢牵拉,促使截骨端再生新骨并逐渐填补缺损区域。该技术尤其适用于大段感染性骨缺损,既能在牵拉过程中刺激成骨,又可通过持续稳定的力学环境控制感染、改善局部血供,实现骨缺损修复与肢体功能重建的双重目标,是目前临床处理复杂胫骨骨缺损的核心技术之一。

摘要
背景:胫骨大段感染性骨缺损因感染持续存在、局部血运差及软组织条件不佳,成为骨科治疗难题,而骨搬移技术虽为主要修复手段,但愈合过程复杂且受多种因素影响,相关机制尚未完全明确,故需深入研究其愈合特点及影响因素以优化治疗。
目的:探讨胫骨大段感染性骨缺损经骨搬移修复后的愈合特点并进行影响因素分析。
方法:选择2020年5月至2022年10月在新疆医科大学第一附属医院行Ilizarov骨搬移治疗的98例胫骨大段感染性骨缺损患者为研究对象,根据临床骨折延迟愈合或不愈合与愈合的标准,分为延迟愈合或不愈合组(n=48)和愈合组(n=50),比较两组患者的一般资料,构建联合模型,利用Cox回归分析评估血清骨转化标志物骨特异碱性磷酸酶、骨钙素N端中分子片段及Ⅰ型前胶原氨基末端前肽波动与骨愈合情况的关系。利用最小绝对收缩选择算子回归法和多因素Logistic回归法分析影响患者愈合的危险因素。Cox比例风险模型调整混杂变量后,分析骨特异碱性磷酸酶、骨钙素N端中分子片段及Ⅰ型前胶原氨基末端前肽水平与患者愈合不良的关联性。建立回归方程y=1-1/(1+e-z)预测模型并进行验证。
结果与结论:①延迟愈合或不愈合组与愈合组患者在长期吸烟史、合并糖尿病、软组织损伤、合并腓骨骨折、伤口感染、术后6周内开始负重、搬移方向、骨搬移距离、骨特异碱性磷酸酶、骨钙素N端中分子片段、Ⅰ型前胶原氨基末端前肽水平方面存在显著差异(P < 0.05);②联合模型显示无论骨特异碱性磷酸酶、骨钙素N端中分子片段、Ⅰ型前胶原氨基末端前肽是否在正常范围内,骨特异碱性磷酸酶、骨钙素N端中分子片段、Ⅰ型前胶原氨基末端前肽每纵向减少1个单位,愈合不良的风险分别增加3%,2%,4%;③最小绝对收缩选择算子回归和多因素Logistics回归分析显示调整潜在混杂因素后,发现软组织损伤、术后6周内开始负重、伤口感染、合并腓骨骨折及骨特异碱性磷酸酶、骨钙素N端中分子片段、Ⅰ型前胶原氨基末端前肽水平降低均为影响患者愈合的独立危险因素(P < 0.05);④经调整的Cox比例风险模型后,骨特异碱性磷酸酶(HR=0.67,95%CI:0.54-0.87,P < 0.001)、骨钙素N端中分子片段(HR=0.80,95%CI:0.55-0.99,P < 0.001)、Ⅰ型前胶原氨基末端前肽(HR=0.85,95%CI:0.43-0.97,P < 0.001)是胫骨大段感染性骨缺损患者愈合不良的重要影响因素;⑤随着骨特异碱性磷酸酶、骨钙素N端中分子片段及Ⅰ型前胶原氨基末端前肽水平的降低(Q2-Q4),其关联效应也相应增高,趋势性检验差异均有显著性意义(P趋势< 0.05);经Bootstrap自抽样,预测模型区分度、准确度较好;⑥提示胫骨大段感染性骨缺损经Ilizarov骨搬移修复后血清骨转化标志物骨特异碱性磷酸酶、骨钙素N端中分子片段及Ⅰ型前胶原氨基末端前肽水平降低与愈合不良密切相关,且软组织损伤、术后6周内开始负重、伤口感染、合并腓骨骨折及骨特异碱性磷酸酶、骨钙素N端中分子片段、Ⅰ型前胶原氨基末端前肽水平均为影响患者愈合的重要因素。


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 胫骨骨缺损, 伊利扎洛夫技术, 愈合特点, 延迟愈合, 软组织损伤, 伤口感染, 影响因素

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe segmental infectious bone defects of the tibia pose a significant challenge in orthopedic treatment due to persistent infection, poor local blood supply, and poor soft tissue conditions. Although bone transplantation techniques are the main repair method, the healing process is complex and influenced by multiple factors. The underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct in-depth research on the healing characteristics and influencing factors to optimize the treatment.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the healing characteristics and influencing factors of large-segment infectious bone defect of tibia repaired by bone transfer and analyze the influencing factors. 
METHODS: A total of 98 patients with large-segment infectious bone defect of the tibia treated by Ilizarov bone transfer in The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from May 2020 to October 2022 were selected as the study subjects. According to the clinical criteria of delayed or nonunion and union of fractures, they were divided into delayed or nonunion group (n=48) and union group (n=50), and the general data of the two groups were compared. A combined model was constructed. Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between the fluctuation of bone specific alkaline phosphatase, N-terminal fragment of osteocalcin and amino terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen and healing. Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator regression and multiple Logistic regression were used to analyze the risk factors affecting healing. After adjusting for confounding variables in Cox proportional risk model, the association of bone specific alkaline phosphatase, bone specific alkaline phosphatase, and amino terminal propeptide levels with poor healing was analyzed. The prediction model of regression equation y=1-1/(1+e-z) was established and verified.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) There were significant differences in long-term smoking history, diabetes mellitus, soft tissue injury, fibula fracture, wound infection, weight bearing started within 6 weeks after surgery, displacement direction, bone displacement distance, bone specific alkaline phosphatase, N-terminal fragment, and amino terminal propeptide levels between delayed union or nonunion group and union group (P < 0.05). (2) The combined model showed that regardless of whether bone specific alkaline phosphatase, N-terminal fragment, and amino terminal propeptide were within the normal range; the risk of poor healing increased by 3%, 2%, and 4%. (3) Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator regression and multifactor Logistics regression analysis showed that after adjusting for potential confounders, soft tissue injury, weight bearing started within 6 weeks after surgery, wound infection, combined fibula fracture, and decreased levels of bone specific alkaline phosphatase, N-terminal fragment, and amino terminal propeptide were all independent risk factors for healing (P < 0.05). (4) After the adjusted Cox proportional risk model, bone specific alkaline phosphatase (HR=0.67, 95%CI:0.54-0.87, P < 0.001), N-terminal fragment (HR=0.80, 95%CI:0.55-0.99, P < 0.001), amino terminal propeptide (HR=0.85, 95%CI:0.43-0.97, P < 0.001) were important influencing factors for poor healing in patients with large-segment infectious bone defects of the tibia. (5) With the decrease of bone specific alkaline phosphatase, N-terminal fragment, and amino terminal propeptide levels (Q2-Q4), the correlation effect also increased, and the differences in trend test were statistically significant (Pfor trend < 0.05). Through Bootstrap self-sampling, the prediction model had good differentiation and accuracy. (6) It is concluded that the reduction of serum bone transformation markers bone specific alkaline phosphatase, N-terminal fragment, and amino terminal propeptide levels after the repair of large-segment infectious bone defects of the tibia by Ilizarov bone transfer is closely related to poor healing, and soft tissue injury, weight bearing started within 6 weeks after surgery, wound infection, combined fibula fracture and bone specific alkaline phosphatase, N-terminal fragment, and amino terminal propeptide levels are important factors affecting healing of patients. 

Key words: ">tibial bone defect, Ilizarov technology, healing characteristics, delayed healing, soft tissue injury, wound infection, influencing factors

中图分类号: