中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (3): 749-759.doi: 10.12307/2025.867

• 骨与关节循证医学 evidence-based medicine of the bone and joint • 上一篇    下一篇

经皮内镜腰椎间盘切除后复发风险预测模型的系统评价和Meta分析

余伟杰1,2,曹东东1,2,郭天赐1,2,牛朴钰1,2,杨家麟1,2,王思敏1,2,刘爱峰1,2   

  1. 1天津中医药大学第一附属医院,天津市   300381;2国家中医针灸临床医学研究中心,天津市   300381
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-15 接受日期:2024-12-18 出版日期:2026-01-28 发布日期:2025-07-09
  • 通讯作者: 刘爱峰,主任医师,博士生导师,天津中医药大学第一附属医院骨伤科,天津市 300381;国家中医针灸临床医学研究中心,天津市 300381
  • 作者简介:余伟杰,男,1995年生,云南省楚雄彝族自治州人,彝族,天津中医药大学在读博士,主要从事骨与关节疾病的中西医结合临床研究。
  • 基金资助:
    天津市卫生计生行业高层次人才选拔培养工程(津门医学英才)(TJSJMYXYC-D2-028),项目负责人:刘爱峰;天津市科技计划项目(23KPXMRC00170),项目负责人:刘爱峰

Risk prediction models of recurrence after percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Yu Weijie1, 2, Cao Dongdong1, 2, Guo Tianci1, 2, Niu Puyu1, 2, Yang Jialin1, 2, Wang Simin1, 2, Liu Aifeng1, 2   

  1. 1First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China; 2National Clinical Research Center of Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China

  • Received:2024-10-15 Accepted:2024-12-18 Online:2026-01-28 Published:2025-07-09
  • Contact: Liu Aifeng, Chief physician, Doctoral supervisor, First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China; National Clinical Research Center of Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China
  • About author:Yu Weijie, Doctoral candidate, First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China; National Clinical Research Center of Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China
  • Supported by:
    Tianjin Health and Family Planning Industry High-level Talents Selection and Training Project (Jinmen Medical Talents), No. TJSJMYXYC-D2-028 (to LAF); Tianjin Science and Technology Plan Project, No. 23KPXMRC00170 (to LAF)

摘要:

文题释义:

经皮内镜腰椎间盘切除术:通过皮肤微创切口,应用内窥镜在可视化下将突出的椎间盘组织切除,具有创伤小、出血少和术后恢复快的特点。
临床预测模型:又称为风险预测模型,是指利用数学公式估计特定个体当前患有某病或将来发生某结局的概率,包括诊断模型和预后模型。

摘要
目的:术后复发是经皮内镜腰椎间盘切除治疗腰椎间盘突出症的常见并发症,可显著增加再手术风险。性能良好的风险预测模型有助于早期识别高危人群,预防术后复发。此次研究系统评价经皮内镜腰椎间盘切除术后复发风险预测模型,为手术决策提供借鉴。 
方法:检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、中国知网、万方、维普和生物医学文献数据库,搜集关于经皮内镜腰椎间盘切除后复发风险预测模型的相关研究,检索时限从各数据库建立至2024-07-01。由2名研究者独立筛选文献和提取资料,并采用偏倚风险评价工具和个体预后与诊断多变量预测模型报告规范(TRIPOD)清单分别对模型进行偏倚风险、适用性和报告质量评价。应用Revman 5.4软件对经皮内镜腰椎间盘切除术后复发率和相关预测因子进行Meta分析。 
结果:①共纳入15项研究,均为回顾性研究,包括24个经皮内镜腰椎间盘切除后复发风险预测模型;②偏倚风险评价工具评价结果显示,15项研究均为高偏倚风险;在适用性方面,2项研究为低适用性风险,13项研究为高适用性风险;③在TRIPOD报告质量方面,15项研究整体报告质量较低,主要原因包括未报告盲法、未说明样本量计算方法、缺乏对缺失数据处理方法的详细描述,同时也缺少对所使用模型的介绍等信息;④此外,纳入模型的受试者工作特征曲线下面积在0.684-0.972之间,潜在预测变量数量范围为15-28个;⑤Meta分析结果显示,通过经皮内镜腰椎间盘切除治疗的腰椎间盘突出症患者术后复发率为12%(95%CI=9.0%-15.0%),Modic改变(OR=6.72,95%CI=3.90-11.59)、体质量指数(OR=1.28,95%CI=1.10-1.49)、工作强度(OR=3.22,95%CI=1.85-5.59)、年龄(OR=2.28,95%CI=1.50-3.48)和吸烟史(OR=2.65,95%CI=1.75-4.00)是经皮内镜腰椎间盘切除术后复发的独立影响因素(均P < 0.05)。
结论:经皮内镜腰椎间盘切除术后复发风险预测模型整体预测性能较好,但模型总体偏倚风险和适用性风险较高,报告质量较低,且缺乏前瞻性研究和外部验证,未来风险预测模型的建立可重点关注Modic改变、体质量指数、工作强度、年龄和吸烟史等预测因子。


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 经皮内镜腰椎间盘切除术, 腰椎间盘突出症, 复发, Modic改变, 风险预测模型, 影响因素, 系统评价

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Postoperative recurrence is a common complication of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy for lumbar disc herniation, which can significantly increase the risk of reoperation. A well-performing risk prediction model can help identify high-risk groups early and prevent postoperative recurrence. This study systematically evaluated the risk prediction model for postoperative recurrence after percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy to provide a reference for surgical decision-making. 
METHODS: The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, and CBM were electronically searched to collect studies on the recurrence risk prediction models after percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy from inception to July 1, 2024. Two reviewers independently screened the literature and extracted data. The models’ risk of bias, applicability, and report quality were assessed using prediction model risk of bias assessment tool (PROBAST) and Transparent Reporting of a Multivariable Prediction Model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis (TRIPOD) tools, respectively. Meta-analysis of postoperative recurrence rate of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy and related predictors was performed using Revman 5.4 software. 
RESULTS: (1) A total of 15 studies were included, all of which were retrospective studies, including 24 models for predicting the risk of recurrence after percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy. (2) The PROBAST evaluation results indicated that all 15 studies exhibited a high risk of bias. Regarding applicability, two studies demonstrated a low risk, while 13 presented a high risk. (3) Regarding the TRIPOD reporting quality, the overall quality across the 15 studies was low. The primary reasons for this low compliance included the failure to report blinding, a lack of explanation for the sample size calculation method, lack of detailed description of missing data processing methods, and lack of information such as introduction to the model used. (4) Furthermore, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the model ranged from 0.684 to 0.972, with the number of potential predictor variables varying from 15 to 28. (5) The results of meta-analysis showed that the postoperative recurrence rate of lumbar disc herniation patients treated with percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy was 12% (95%CI=9.0%-15.0%), Modic changes (OR=6.72, 95%CI=3.90-11.59), body mass index (OR=1.28, 95%CI=1.10-1.49), work intensity (OR=3.22, 95%CI=1.85-5.59), age (OR=2.28, 95%CI=1.50-3.48), and smoking history (OR=2.65, 95%CI=1.75-4.00) were independent influencing factors for postoperative recurrence of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (all P < 0.05).  
CONCLUSION: The overall predictive performance of the recurrence risk prediction models after percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy is satisfactory; however, the model exhibits a high overall risk of bias and applicability, coupled with low reporting quality. Additionally, there is a lack of prospective research and external validation. Future, risk prediction models should consider factors such as Modic changes, body mass index, work intensity, age, and smoking history as potential predictors. 

Key words: percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy, lumbar disc herniation, recurrence, Modic change, risk prediction model, influencing factor, systematic review

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