中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (5): 1269-1281.doi: 10.12307/2026.016

• 组织构建循证医学 evidence-based medicine in tissue construction • 上一篇    下一篇

体育锻炼改善烧伤患者身体功能的系统评价与Meta分析

陈  强1,伍文娟2,江舒华3,黄  达1   

  1. 江西科技学院,1体育学院,3文化传媒学院,江西省南昌市   330098;2南昌工学院体育学院,江西省南昌市   330108
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-26 接受日期:2025-01-24 出版日期:2026-02-18 发布日期:2025-06-27
  • 通讯作者: 黄达,硕士,讲师,江西科技学院体育学院,江西省南昌市 330098
  • 作者简介:陈强,男,1984年生,江西省吉安市人,汉族,硕士,副教授,主要从事运动健康促进研究。
  • 基金资助:
    江西省高校人文社会科学研究项目(JC23204),项目负责人:陈强

Physical exercise improves physical function in burn patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Chen Qiang1, Wu Wenjuan2, Jiang Shuhua3, Huang Da1   

  1. 1School of Physical Education, 3School of Culture and Media, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Nanchang 330098, Jiangxi Province, China; 2School of Physical Education, Nanchang Institute of Science and Technology, Nanchang 330108, Jiangxi Province, China
  • Received:2024-11-26 Accepted:2025-01-24 Online:2026-02-18 Published:2025-06-27
  • Contact: Huang Da, Master, Lecturer, School of Physical Education, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Nanchang 330098, Jiangxi Province, China
  • About author:Chen Qiang, Master, Associate professor, School of Physical Education, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Nanchang 330098, Jiangxi Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Humanities and Social Sciences Research Project of Universities in Jiangxi Province, No. JC23204 (to CQ) 

摘要:


文题释义:
体育锻炼:根据身体需要进行自我选择,运用各种体育手段并结合自然力和卫生措施,以发展身体、增进健康、增强体质、调节精神、丰富文化生活和支配余暇时间为目的的体育活动。
Meta分析:是用于比较和综合针对同一科学问题研究结果的统计学方法,其结论是否有意义取决于纳入研究的质量,常用于系统综述中的定量合并分析。

目的:有研究表明,体育锻炼能有效改善烧伤患者的膝关节伸肌力量及心肺功能;也有研究表明,体育锻炼改善烧伤患者呼吸功能的效果不明显。通过系统评价与Meta分析评价体育锻炼对烧伤患者身体功能(肌肉功能、步行功能、心肺功能、瘦体质量)的改善作用。
方法:基于Web of Science、PubMed、Embase、Cochane library、中国知网、万方、中国生物医学数据库,通过主题词与自由词的方式检索体育锻炼改善烧伤患者身体功能的文献,以肌肉功能、步行功能、心肺功能、瘦体质量为主要结局指标,对体育锻炼与传统物理治疗或常规护理方式的疗效进行Meta分析。
结果:共计纳入38篇文献进行系统综述,其中26篇进入Meta分析,涉及1 658例患者。Meta分析结果显示:①体育锻炼可以显著改善烧伤患者的优势腿膝关节伸肌力量(MD=8.34,95%CI:6.95-9.72,P < 0.000 01),增加股四头肌力量、峰值摄氧量、用力肺活量与1 s最大通气量、静息心率(SMD=4.41,95%CI:2.52-6.30,P < 0.000 01;MD=4.91,95%CI:3.52-6.29,P < 0.000 01;MD=5.86,95%CI:0.09-11.63,P=0.05;MD=6.90,95%CI:2.93-10.87,P=0.000 7;MD=5.03,95%CI:1.45-8.61,P=0.006),改善6 min步行距离、步态参数、总瘦体质量(MD=45.29,95%CI:24.7-65.89,P < 0.000 1;SMD=7.84,95%CI:6.05-9.63,P < 0.000 01;MD=2.47,95%CI:2.01-2.93,P < 0.000 01);②亚组分析结果显示,儿童优势腿膝关节伸肌力量改善效果可能优于成人,特重度群体的改善效果优于重度群体;儿童6 min步行距离的改善效果优于成人,烧伤程度越高改善效果越好,< 12周的改善效果与对照组无差异;成人和重度烧伤群体峰值摄氧量的改善效果可能优于儿童和中度烧伤群体,抗阻联合有氧运动方式的效果可能优于单独有氧运动,运动时间> 60 min的效果可能优于60 min以下。
结论:体育锻炼可有效改善烧伤患者的身体功能,具体表现在肌肉力量、步行能力、心肺功能及瘦体质量方面,但所有指标结果推荐的证据质量为中等及以下,不精确性及不一致性是降级的主要因素,因此,未来的还需要更多高质量的随机对照试验验证结果的可靠性。

http://orcid.org/0009-0003-8353-7662(陈强);http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4092-2929(黄达)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 体育锻炼, 抗阻运动, 有氧运动, 烧伤患者, 功能障碍, 身体功能, 肌肉功能, 心肺功能, 康复效果, 系统评价, Meta分析

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Some studies have shown that physical exercise can effectively improve knee extensor strength and cardiorespiratory function in burn patients; some studies have also shown that physical exercise is not effective in improving respiratory function in burn patients. Improvement effects of physical exercise on physical functions (muscle function, walking function, cardiopulmonary function, and lean body mass) of burn patients were evaluated by a systematic evaluation and meta-analysis.
METHODS: Based on databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang, and the Chinese Biomedical Database, literature on the improvement of physical function in burn patients through physical exercise was searched using subject headings and free terms. With muscle function, walking ability, cardiopulmonary function, and lean body mass as the primary outcome measures, a meta-analysis was conducted to compare the efficacy of physical exercise with traditional physical therapy or conventional care methods.
RESULTS: A total of 38 papers were included, of which 26 papers were included in the meta-analysis, involving 1 658 patients. Meta-analysis results showed that: (1) Physical exercise significantly enhances the knee extensor strength of the dominant leg in burn patients (mean difference [MD]=8.34, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.95-9.72, P < 0.000 01), increases quadriceps strength, peak oxygen uptake, forced vital capacity and maximum ventilation volume in 1 second, and resting heart rate (standardized mean difference [SMD]=4.41, 95% CI: 2.52-6.30, P < 0.000 01; MD=4.91, 95% CI: 3.52-6.29, P < 0.000 01; MD=5.86, 95% CI: 0.09-11.63, P=0.05; MD=6.90, 95% CI: 2.93-10.87, P=0.000 7; MD=5.03, 95% CI: 1.45-8.61, P=0.006), and improves the 6-minute walking distance, gait parameters, and total lean body mass (MD=45.29, 95% CI: 24.7-65.89, P < 0.0001; SMD=7.84, 95% CI: 6.05-9.63, P < 0.000 01; MD=2.47, 95% CI: 2.01-2.93, P < 0.000 01). (2) The subgroup analysis results indicated that the improvement in knee extensor strength of the dominant leg may be better in children than in adults and better in the extra-heavy group than in the heavy group. Improvement in the 6-minute walking distance is better in children than in adults, and higher degree of burn indicates better improvement effects, with no difference from the control group for < 12 weeks. Peak oxygen uptake may be better in adults and severe burn groups than in children and moderate burn groups, resistance combined with aerobic exercise modalities may be better than aerobic exercise alone, and exercise duration > 60 minutes may be better than < 60 minutes.
CONCLUSION: Physical activity is effective in improving physical function in burn patients, as evidenced by improvements in muscle strength, walking ability, cardiorespiratory fitness, and lean body mass. The quality of evidence recommended for all indicator results is moderate or below, with imprecision and inconsistency being the main factors for downgrading. Therefore, more high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed in the future to verify the reliability of the results.

Key words: physical exercise, resistance exercise, aerobic exercise, burn patients, dysfunction, physical function, muscle function, cardiorespiratory function, rehabilitation effect, systematic evaluation, meta-analysis

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