中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (29): 7663-7672.doi: 10.12307/2026.262
• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇 下一篇
王绍娜1,李瑞洋1,安兰花2,张金生1,2
收稿日期:2025-10-15
修回日期:2025-12-06
出版日期:2026-10-18
发布日期:2026-03-06
通讯作者:
张金生,博士,主任医师,教授,博士生导师,河南中医药大学,河南省郑州市 450046;河南中医药大学第三附属医院,河南省郑州市 450000
作者简介:王绍娜,女,1996年生,河南省郑州市人,汉族,河南中医药大学在读博士,主要从事中医药防治心脑血管疾病研究。
基金资助:Wang Shaona1, Li Ruiyang1, An Lanhua2, Zhang Jinsheng1, 2
Received:2025-10-15
Revised:2025-12-06
Online:2026-10-18
Published:2026-03-06
Contact:
Zhang Jinsheng, PhD, Chief physician, Professor, Doctoral supervisor, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
About author:Wang Shaona, MD candidate, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
Supported by:摘要:
文题释义:
阿尔茨海默病:是一种慢性、进行性神经退行性疾病,以大脑皮质和海马区神经元进行性丢失为病理基础,临床表现为认知功能障碍和行为损害,是痴呆的主要类型。目前其发病率持续上升,严重影响患者的生活质量,给家庭和社会带来沉重负担,成为重要的全球公共卫生挑战。
非编码RNA:是一种缺乏编码能力的功能性RNA分子,在基因组中广泛存在且转录丰度较高;并可通过调控转录过程、影响mRNA稳定性、修饰染色质状态以及参与信号转导等多种机制,在表观遗传调控、基因表达网络维持及细胞功能稳态中发挥关键作用。
背景:阿尔茨海默病病因多样且发病机制复杂,至今尚未完全阐明。近年来,非编码RNA被证实在调控β-淀粉样蛋白异常沉积、Tau蛋白过度磷酸化、神经炎症激活、线粒体功能障碍及突触损伤等过程中发挥关键作用,为阐释疾病机制和药物研发提供了新视角。同时,中医药通过调控非编码RNA网络展现了多通路干预优势。
目的:综述近年来调节性非编码RNA和转运RNA在阿尔茨海默病病理机制中的相关研究,总结中药单体、复方及针灸调控不同非编码RNA发挥抗阿尔茨海默病的现状,以期为今后阿尔茨海默病临床治疗策略优化及新型药物研发提供理论依据与方向参考。
方法:以“非编码RNA、微小RNA、长链非编码RNA、环状RNA、转运RNA、阿尔茨海默病、中医药”为中文检索词,以“ncRNA,miRNA,lncRNA,circRNA,tRNA,Alzheimer’s disease,traditional Chinese Medicine”为英文检索词,检索中国知网和PubMed数据库2015年1月至2025年7月发表的相关文献,根据纳入及排除标准最终纳入101篇文献进行综述分析。
结果与结论:①阿尔茨海默病的发生与发展源于一个多因素相互关联的病理网络,主要包括β-淀粉样蛋白沉积、Tau蛋白过度磷酸化、神经炎症激活、线粒体功能障碍、氧化应激、突触结构与功能异常以及钙稳态失衡等关键机制,这些因素之间亦可彼此交织、协同促进疾病进程;②多种调节性非编码RNA如微小RNA、长链非编码RNA、环状RNA以及管家非编码RNA中的转运RNA可通过不同层面调控上述病理过程,进而影响疾病进展;③诸多中药单体活性成分如小檗碱、梓醇、三七总皂苷、人参皂苷Rg1、β-细辛醚、雷公藤内酯醇、丹参酮IIA;中药复方如安神定志方、调心方、补肾填髓方以及针刺和艾灸等中医疗法均能通过上调或下调特定非编码RNA的表达,干预阿尔茨海默病的多个病理环节,发挥神经保护作用,从而延缓疾病的发生与发展。
https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4819-1610(王绍娜);https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8720-9055(张金生)
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程
中图分类号:
王绍娜, 李瑞洋, 安兰花, 张金生, . 非编码RNA在阿尔茨海默病中的作用及中医药干预[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2026, 30(29): 7663-7672.
Wang Shaona, Li Ruiyang, An Lanhua, Zhang Jinsheng. Role of non-coding RNAs in Alzheimer’s disease and treatment with traditional Chinese medicine[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2026, 30(29): 7663-7672.





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1.1.7 检索策略 中国知网和PubMed数据库检索策略,见图1。
1.1.8 检索文献量 共检索得到2 531篇文献,其中中文文献545篇、英文文献1 986篇。
1.2 入选标准
1.2.1 纳入标准 ①关于阿尔茨海默病发病机制的研究;②关于不同类型的非编码RNA参与阿尔茨海默病病理的研究;③中医药调控各类非编码RNA干预阿尔茨海默病进展的研究;④重点纳入阐述清晰、内容丰富、具有创新性的研究。
1.2.2 排除标准 ①与研究主题内容差异大的文献;②重复性研究及陈旧性文献;③文献资料无法获取的部分文献。
1.3 文献质量评估和数据的提取 检索中英文数据库得到与研究内容相关的2 531篇文献,严格按照纳入和排除标准进行筛选,最后纳入101篇进行综述,其中中文文献16篇、英文文献85篇。文献检索流程图见图2。检索方案设计见图3。
阿尔茨海默病目前临床治疗主要依赖乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂和N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸拮抗剂,虽可一定程度改善认知症状,却难以延缓疾病进展,且常伴有副作用。近年来,非编码RNA因其高度稳定性及易于检测的特性,成为阿尔茨海默病早期诊断的新型生物标志物,并在调控β-淀粉样蛋白沉积、Tau蛋白磷酸化、神经炎症及线粒体功能障碍等核心病理机制中发挥关键作用,为开发靶向治疗策略提供了新方向。尽管反义寡核苷酸和基因编辑技术在靶向致病性非编码RNA方面已取得初步进展,但仍面临递送效率低等技术瓶颈。我国在该领域的研究凸显了中西医结合的特色,尤其是中医药通过多靶点、整体性调控非编码RNA网络干预阿尔茨海默病,显示出独特优势。此文系统总结了当前研究所挖掘出的关键非编码RNA,并深入探讨了中医药通过靶向调控非编码RNA网络进行干预疾病的独特价值与应用前景,为未来研究指出多组学整合、精准干预策略创新以及中医药现代化与国际化等重要方向,以推动阿尔茨海默病防治实现重要突破。此文的核心在于跨学科整合,将非编码RNA分子机制的前沿研究与中医药整体观和辨证论治理念有机融合,也为阿尔茨海默病的系统性诊疗提供新范式。
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程
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