中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (29): 7663-7672.doi: 10.12307/2026.262

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

非编码RNA在阿尔茨海默病中的作用及中医药干预

王绍娜1,李瑞洋1,安兰花2,张金生1,2   

  1. 1河南中医药大学,河南省郑州市   450046;2河南中医药大学第三附属医院,河南省郑州市   450000
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-15 修回日期:2025-12-06 出版日期:2026-10-18 发布日期:2026-03-06
  • 通讯作者: 张金生,博士,主任医师,教授,博士生导师,河南中医药大学,河南省郑州市 450046;河南中医药大学第三附属医院,河南省郑州市 450000
  • 作者简介:王绍娜,女,1996年生,河南省郑州市人,汉族,河南中医药大学在读博士,主要从事中医药防治心脑血管疾病研究。
  • 基金资助:
    中原科技创新领军人才项目(214200510022),项目负责人:张金生;河南省中医药科学研究专项(2022ZY1110),项目负责人:张金生;河南省科技攻关项目(232102311213),项目负责人:安兰花

Role of non-coding RNAs in Alzheimer’s disease and treatment with traditional Chinese medicine

Wang Shaona1, Li Ruiyang1, An Lanhua2, Zhang Jinsheng1, 2   

  1. 1Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China; 2The Third Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
  • Received:2025-10-15 Revised:2025-12-06 Online:2026-10-18 Published:2026-03-06
  • Contact: Zhang Jinsheng, PhD, Chief physician, Professor, Doctoral supervisor, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
  • About author:Wang Shaona, MD candidate, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Zhongyuan Science and Technology Innovation Leading Talent Program, No. 214200510022 (to ZJS); Special Project for Scientific Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine of Henan Province, No. 2022ZY1110 (to ZJS); Science and Technology Research and Development Project of Henan Province, No. 232102311213 (to ALH).

摘要:




文题释义:
阿尔茨海默病:是一种慢性、进行性神经退行性疾病,以大脑皮质和海马区神经元进行性丢失为病理基础,临床表现为认知功能障碍和行为损害,是痴呆的主要类型。目前其发病率持续上升,严重影响患者的生活质量,给家庭和社会带来沉重负担,成为重要的全球公共卫生挑战。
非编码RNA:是一种缺乏编码能力的功能性RNA分子,在基因组中广泛存在且转录丰度较高;并可通过调控转录过程、影响mRNA稳定性、修饰染色质状态以及参与信号转导等多种机制,在表观遗传调控、基因表达网络维持及细胞功能稳态中发挥关键作用。

背景:阿尔茨海默病病因多样且发病机制复杂,至今尚未完全阐明。近年来,非编码RNA被证实在调控β-淀粉样蛋白异常沉积、Tau蛋白过度磷酸化、神经炎症激活、线粒体功能障碍及突触损伤等过程中发挥关键作用,为阐释疾病机制和药物研发提供了新视角。同时,中医药通过调控非编码RNA网络展现了多通路干预优势。
目的:综述近年来调节性非编码RNA和转运RNA在阿尔茨海默病病理机制中的相关研究,总结中药单体、复方及针灸调控不同非编码RNA发挥抗阿尔茨海默病的现状,以期为今后阿尔茨海默病临床治疗策略优化及新型药物研发提供理论依据与方向参考。
方法:以“非编码RNA、微小RNA、长链非编码RNA、环状RNA、转运RNA、阿尔茨海默病、中医药”为中文检索词,以“ncRNA,miRNA,lncRNA,circRNA,tRNA,Alzheimer’s disease,traditional Chinese Medicine”为英文检索词,检索中国知网和PubMed数据库2015年1月至2025年7月发表的相关文献,根据纳入及排除标准最终纳入101篇文献进行综述分析。
结果与结论:①阿尔茨海默病的发生与发展源于一个多因素相互关联的病理网络,主要包括β-淀粉样蛋白沉积、Tau蛋白过度磷酸化、神经炎症激活、线粒体功能障碍、氧化应激、突触结构与功能异常以及钙稳态失衡等关键机制,这些因素之间亦可彼此交织、协同促进疾病进程;②多种调节性非编码RNA如微小RNA、长链非编码RNA、环状RNA以及管家非编码RNA中的转运RNA可通过不同层面调控上述病理过程,进而影响疾病进展;③诸多中药单体活性成分如小檗碱、梓醇、三七总皂苷、人参皂苷Rg1、β-细辛醚、雷公藤内酯醇、丹参酮IIA;中药复方如安神定志方、调心方、补肾填髓方以及针刺和艾灸等中医疗法均能通过上调或下调特定非编码RNA的表达,干预阿尔茨海默病的多个病理环节,发挥神经保护作用,从而延缓疾病的发生与发展。

https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4819-1610(王绍娜);https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8720-9055(张金生)


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 阿尔茨海默病, 微小RNA, 长链非编码RNA, 环状RNA, 转运RNA, 中医药, 有效成分, 生物标志物

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The etiology of Alzheimer’s disease is diverse and its pathogenesis remains complex and incompletely understood. In recent years, non-coding RNAs have been demonstrated to play a key role in the regulation of amyloid-β abnormal deposition, tau hyperphosphorylation, neuroinflammation activation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and synaptic damage, offering new perspectives for elucidating mechanisms underlying diseases and development of drugs. Additionally, by regulating non-coding RNA networks, traditional Chinese medicine exhibits the advantages of multi-pathway intervention.
OBJECTIVE: To review recent studies on the role of regulatory non-coding RNAs and transfer RNAs in the pathological mechanisms of Alzheimer’s disease, summarize the current status of traditional Chinese medicine monomers, compound formulas, and acupuncture in modulating non-coding RNAs to exert anti-Alzheimer’s effects, thereby providing theoretical foundations and directional references for optimizing future clinical treatment strategies and novel drug development for Alzheimer’s disease.
METHODS: Using the Chinese keywords “non-coding RNA, microRNA, long non-coding RNA, circular RNA, transfer RNA, Alzheimer’s disease, traditional Chinese medicine” and the English keywords “ncRNA, miRNA, lncRNA, circRNA, tRNA, Alzheimer’s disease, traditional Chinese medicine,” we retrieved relevant literature published from January 2015 to July 2025 in the CNKI and PubMed databases. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 101 articles were ultimately included for a comprehensive review and analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease stem from a multifactorial, interconnected pathological network. Key mechanisms include β-amyloid deposition, tau hyperphosphorylation, neuroinflammation activation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, synaptic structural and functional abnormalities, and calcium homeostasis imbalance. These factors may also intertwine and synergistically promote disease progression. (2) Various regulatory non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs, and housekeeping non-coding RNAs can modulate these pathological processes at various levels, thereby influencing disease progression. (3) Numerous active components from traditional Chinese medicine monomers (e.g., berberine, catalpol, total saponins of Panax notoginseng, ginsenoside Rg1, β-asarone, triptolide, tanshinone IIA), traditional Chinese medicine formulas (e.g., An Shen Ding Zhi Fang, Tiaoxin Fang, Bushen Tiansui Fang), acupuncture and moxibustion therapies can intervene multiple pathological stages of Alzheimer’s disease by upregulating or downregulating the expression of specific non-coding RNAs, which exerts neuroprotective effects, thereby delaying the onset and progression of the disease.


Key words: Alzheimer’s disease, microRNA, long non-coding RNA, circular RNA, transfer RNA, traditional Chinese medicine, active components, biomarkers

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