中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (29): 7654-7662.doi: 10.12307/2026.225

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

代谢异常与骨关节炎的关联机制及代谢靶向治疗

郭姗姗1,马  丁2,董炳辰2   

  1. 1陕西省人民医院中心实验室,转化医学中心,陕西省西安市   710068;2西安市第九医院骨科,陕西省西安市   710054



  • 收稿日期:2025-09-02 修回日期:2025-11-20 出版日期:2026-10-18 发布日期:2026-03-06
  • 通讯作者: 董炳辰,硕士,主治医师,西安市第九医院骨科,陕西省西安市 710054
  • 作者简介:郭姗姗,女,1990年生,博士,助理研究员,主要从事生理与病理机制研究。
  • 基金资助:
    西安市第九医院青年培育项目(2025qn02) ,项目负责人:董炳辰

Metabolic dysregulation in osteoarthritis: mechanisms and targeted therapeutic strategies

Guo Shanshan1, Ma Ding2, Dong Bingchen2   

  1. 1Central Laboratory & Translational Medicine Center, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, Shaanxi Province, China; 2Department of Orthopedics, Xi’an No. 9 Hospital, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
  • Received:2025-09-02 Revised:2025-11-20 Online:2026-10-18 Published:2026-03-06
  • Contact: Dong Bingchen, MS, Attending physician, Department of Orthopedics, Xi’an No. 9 Hospital, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
  • About author:Guo Shanshan, PhD, Assistant Researcher, Central Laboratory & Translational Medicine Center, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an 710068, Shaanxi Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Youth Cultivation Project of Xi’an No. 9 Hospital, No. 2025qn02 (to DBC)

摘要:



文题释义:
软骨细胞代谢重编程:是指骨关节炎软骨细胞为适应病理微环境(如缺氧、炎症、高糖)而发生的系统性代谢表型改变,其核心是能量代谢从氧化磷酸化向糖酵解的转换(即“Warburg效应”)。骨关节炎软骨细胞中糖酵解速率显著提高导致乳酸过量堆积,直接激活疼痛相关离子通道,同时线粒体功能障碍致使活性氧水平升高,进而激活核因子κB/丝裂原活化蛋白激酶信号通路,促使基质降解酶表达上调,并伴随色氨酸代谢紊乱及脂肪酸氧化异常,共同驱动软骨退变和疾病进展。
骨关节炎代谢靶向治疗:是指基于骨关节炎的代谢病因学,通过药物再定位、开发新药或生物技术手段选择性调控关键代谢节点,以延缓或逆转疾病进展的治疗策略。骨关节炎代谢靶向治疗核心是从“对症镇痛”转向“对因治疗”,代表疾病修饰药物开发的新方向。

背景:代谢异常在骨关节炎发生发展中的核心作用长期被忽视。近年研究发现,肥胖、糖尿病等代谢综合征与骨关节炎进展密切相关,但其通过分子网络驱动关节退变的机制尚未系统阐明。
目的:系统梳理骨关节炎代谢异常的病理机制研究进展,整合多组学证据解析代谢-关节轴的调控网络,为临床防治提供新视角。
方法:以中文关键词“骨关节炎,代谢异常,脂肪因子,糖酵解,线粒体功能障碍,代谢组学,磁共振成像”检索中国知网、万方数据库;以英文关键词“osteoarthritis,metabolic dysregulation,adipokine,glycolysis,mitochondrial dysfunction,metabolomics,MRI”检索PubMed、Web of Science数据库。通过标题/摘要筛选及全文评估,最终纳入108篇文献进行综述分析。
结果与结论:①流行病学研究证实代谢综合征(肥胖、糖尿病、血脂异常)与骨关节炎风险呈正相关,体质量指数每增加1 kg/m2,膝骨关节炎风险升高15%,非负重关节受累佐证代谢因子的独立致病作用;②代谢因子网络失衡驱动骨关节炎进展:肥胖致瘦素/脂联素比值异常(瘦素升高3.2倍,脂联素降低40%),通过激活基质金属蛋白酶13(升高2.1倍)和抑制组织金属蛋白酶抑制因子2加速软骨降解;③细胞内代谢重编程特征显著:骨关节炎软骨细胞呈现糖酵解亢进、线粒体功能障碍、脂滴沉积(游离脂肪酸升高1.8倍)三联征;④代谢-炎症正反馈环路:脂肪组织释放白细胞介素1β/肿瘤坏死因子α激活关节核因子κB通路,后者抑制胰岛素受体信号加剧代谢紊乱;⑤临床转化路径:血清脂联素联合关节液乳酸可预测骨关节炎进展;建议代谢综合征患者早期应用单磷酸腺苷激活的蛋白激酶激动剂并联合肌肉训练与营养干预。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1089-5798 (郭姗姗) 


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 骨关节炎, 代谢异常, 脂肪因子, 糖酵解, 病理机制, 治疗靶点

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis has traditionally been considered as a degenerative joint disorder, with the central role of metabolic dysregulation in its pathogenesis long overlooked. Recent studies reveal a strong association between metabolic syndromes, such as obesity and diabetes, and osteoarthritis progression, yet the molecular mechanisms by which metabolic dysregulation results in joint degeneration remain poorly elucidated.
OBJECTIVE: To systematically review advances in the pathological mechanisms of metabolic dysregulation in osteoarthritis, integrating multi-omics evidence to decode the regulatory network of the "metabolism-joint axis," and to provide novel perspectives for the clinical prevention and treatment of metabolic dysregulation in osteoarthritis.
METHODS: An online search of the China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang databases was conducted using the terms "osteoarthritis, metabolic dysregulation, adipokine, glycolysis, mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolomics, MRI" in Chinese to retrieve relevant literature. Additionally, PubMed and Web of Science were searched using the English terms "osteoarthritis, metabolic dysregulation, adipokine, glycolysis, mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolomics, MRI." After screening titles and abstracts, as well as evaluating full texts, a total of 108 articles were included for final analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Epidemiological evidence confirms a positive correlation between metabolic syndrome (obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia) and the risk of osteoarthritis: each 1 kg/m² increase in body mass index elevates the risk of knee osteoarthritis by 15%. The involvement of non-weight-bearing joints supports the independent pathogenic role of metabolic factors. (2) Metabolic factor network imbalance driving osteoarthritis progression: Obesity induces abnormal leptin/adiponectin ratios (leptin increases 3.2-fold, and adiponectin decreases 40%), accelerating cartilage degradation via the activation of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (increases 2.1-fold) and suppression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2. (3) Prominent intracellular metabolic reprogramming: Chondrocytes in osteoarthritis display a triad of characteristics: hyperactive glycolysis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and lipid droplet accumulation (free fatty acid increases 1.8-fold). (4) Metabolic-inflammatory positive feedback loop: Adipose tissue-derived interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α activate the nuclear factor κB pathway in joints, exacerbating metabolic dysregulation by suppressing insulin receptor signaling. (5) Clinical translation: Serum adiponectin combined with synovial lactate can predict the progression of osteoarthritis. Early treatment with AMP-activated protein kinase activators for patients with metabolic syndrome, coupled with muscle training and nutritional interventions, is recommended.


Key words: osteoarthritis, metabolic dysregulation, adipokine, glycolysis, pathological mechanism, therapeutic targets

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