中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (16): 4166-4179.doi: 10.12307/2026.351

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

铁死亡抑制剂治疗骨关节炎:多样性和多靶点特征

陈鑫龙1,2,孟  涛1,王耀敏1,2,张克凡1,李  健1,石  辉1,张晨晨1   

  1. 1滨州医学院附属医院,山东省滨州市   256600;2滨州医学院,山东省滨州市   264003
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-15 接受日期:2025-08-18 出版日期:2026-06-08 发布日期:2025-11-28
  • 通讯作者: 石辉,博士,主任医师,滨州医学院附属医院,山东省滨州市 256600 共同通讯作者:张晨晨,滨州医学院附属医院,山东省滨州市 256600
  • 作者简介:陈鑫龙,男,2000年生,山东省滨州市人,汉族,滨州医学院在读硕士,主要从事骨关节与运动医学研究。 共同第一作者:孟涛,男,1973年生,山东省滨州市人,汉族,副主任医师,主要从事骨关节与运动医学研究。
  • 基金资助:
    山东省省级临床重点专科学科建设项目(SLCZDZK-0302),项目负责人:石辉;山东省医药卫生科技项目(202304070630),项目负责人:李健

Ferroptosis inhibitors in the treatment of osteoarthritis: diversity and multitarget characteristics

Chen Xinlong1, 2, Meng Tao1, Wang Yaomin1, 2, Zhang Kefan1, Li Jian1, Shi Hui1, Zhang Chenchen1   

  1. 1Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou 256600, Shandong Province, China; 2Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou 264003, Shandong Province, China
  • Received:2025-05-15 Accepted:2025-08-18 Online:2026-06-08 Published:2025-11-28
  • Contact: Shi Hui, PhD, Chief physician, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou 256600, Shandong Province, China Co-corresponding author: Zhang Chenchen, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou 256600, Shandong Province, China
  • About author:Chen Xinlong, MS candidate, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou 256600, Shandong Province, China; Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou 264003, Shandong Province, China Meng Tao, Associate chief physician, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou 256600, Shandong Province, China Chen Xinlong and Meng Tao contributed equally to this work.
  • Supported by:
    Shandong Provincial Clinical Key Specialty Construction Project, No. SLCZDZK-0302 (to SH); Shandong Medical and Health Science and Technology Project, No. 202304070630 (to LJ)

摘要:


文题释义:
铁死亡:是一种铁依赖性的细胞死亡方式,由细胞内脂质过氧化物的异常积累引发,在形态学、生物化学和遗传学上区别于凋亡、坏死和自噬等其他细胞死亡方式。
活性氧:是指氧在代谢过程中产生的一系列具有高反应活性的分子和自由基,主要包括超氧化物阴离子(O₂⁻)、过氧化氢(H₂O₂)、羟基自由基(·OH)、单线态氧(¹O₂)。

背景:研究表明,铁死亡作为一种新型的铁依赖性细胞死亡方式,在干预骨关节炎发展进程中发挥重要作用。
目的:介绍铁死亡的机制,包括铁稳态失衡、脂质过氧化和抗氧化体系减弱,并总结了多种铁死亡抑制剂在骨关节炎治疗中的应用前景。
方法:第一作者于2024年1月应用计算机在中国知网和PubMed数据库检索2012年1月至2025年1月发表的相关文献,以“骨关节炎,铁死亡,脂质过氧化,铁死亡抑制剂,软骨细胞,活性氧,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4”为中文检索词,以“osteoarthritis,ferroptosis,lipid peroxidation,ferroptosis inhibitors,chondrocytes,reactive oxygen species,glutathione peroxidase 4”为英文检索词,对最终纳入的90篇文献进行了系统性的总结和归纳。
结果与结论:①铁死亡是一种铁依赖性的细胞死亡方式,其核心机制如下:铁稳态失衡,细胞内过量的铁经芬顿反应产生活性氧,致使脂质过氧化以及细胞死亡;脂质过氧化,活性氧侵袭细胞膜中的多不饱和脂肪酸,造成细胞膜降解并引发铁死亡;抗氧化体系减弱,细胞内的抗氧化系统(如Xc-系统/谷胱甘肽/谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4、核因子E2相关因子2、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶/核因子κB等信号通路)在铁死亡过程中发挥关键作用,当抗氧化能力无法应对脂质过氧化时,细胞便会发生铁死亡。②针对铁死亡在骨关节炎中的作用,多种铁死亡抑制剂呈现出治疗潜力,铁螯合剂凭借螯合过量的铁,减少芬顿反应以及脂质过氧化,抑制软骨细胞铁死亡;抗氧化剂借助抑制脂质过氧化以及提高抗氧化能力,减轻软骨细胞损伤;天然化合物通过调节核因子E2相关因子2、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶/核因子κB等信号通路,抑制铁死亡并缓解骨关节炎进展;此外,酰基辅酶A合成酶长链家族成员4抑制剂通过抑制脂质过氧化和纠正铁代谢紊乱,发挥软骨保护作用。③虽然铁死亡抑制剂在骨关节炎治疗方面呈现出广阔前景,不过当前多数研究仍处于细胞和动物实验阶段,缺少大规模临床试验来验证其安全性与有效性。未来研究应剖析铁死亡的具体机制,并推动铁死亡抑制剂的临床应用,为骨关节炎治疗提供新策略。

https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6764-8692(陈鑫龙);https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0730-4461(孟涛);https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0515-2746(石辉);https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8557-0624(张晨晨)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 骨关节炎, 铁死亡, 脂质过氧化, 铁死亡抑制剂, 软骨细胞, 活性氧, 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent studies have shown that ferroptosis, a novel iron-dependent form of cell death, plays an important role in the progression of osteoarthritis.
OBJECTIVE: To introduce the mechanisms of ferroptosis, including iron homeostasis imbalance, lipid peroxidation, and weakened antioxidant systems, and to summarize the potential applications of various ferroptosis inhibitors in the treatment of osteoarthritis.
METHODS: Literature retrieval was conducted in the CNKI and PubMed databases using the keywords of “osteoarthritis, ferroptosis, lipid peroxidation, ferroptosis inhibitors, chondrocytes, reactive oxygen species, glutathione peroxidase 4” in Chinese and English, respectively. Retrieval time was from January 2012 to January 2025. A total of 90 articles were systematically reviewed and summarized.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Ferroptosis, as an iron-dependent form of cell death, involves the following core mechanisms: (i) Iron homeostasis imbalance: Excess iron generates reactive oxygen species through the Fenton reaction, leading to lipid peroxidation and cell death; (ii) Lipid peroxidation: Reactive oxygen species attack polyunsaturated fatty acids in the cell membrane, causing membrane degradation and ferroptosis; (iii) Weakened antioxidant systems: Intracellular antioxidant systems (such as Xc- system/glutathione/glutathione peroxidase 4, nuclear factor E2-related factor 2, mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor κB signaling pathways) play a key role in ferroptosis. When the antioxidant capacity is insufficient to counteract lipid peroxidation, cells undergo ferroptosis. (2) In the context of osteoarthritis, various ferroptosis inhibitors have shown therapeutic potential. Iron chelators reduce Fenton reactions and lipid peroxidation by chelating excess iron, thereby inhibiting chondrocyte ferroptosis. Antioxidants alleviate chondrocyte damage by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and enhancing antioxidant capacity. Natural compounds modulate signaling pathways such as nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 and mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor κB to inhibit ferroptosis and slow osteoarthritis progression. (3) Additionally, inhibitors of acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 exert chondroprotective effects by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and correcting iron metabolism disorders. (4) Although ferroptosis inhibitors show promising potential in the treatment of osteoarthritis, most current studies are still at the cellular and animal experimental stages, with a lack of large-scale clinical trials to verify their safety and efficacy. Future research should further explore the specific mechanisms of ferroptosis and promote the clinical application of ferroptosis inhibitors, providing new strategies for the treatment of osteoarthritis.


Key words: osteoarthritis, ferroptosis, lipid peroxidation, ferroptosis inhibitors, chondrocytes, reactive oxygen species, glutathione peroxidase 4


中图分类号: