中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (34): 7393-7404.doi: 10.12307/2025.483

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    下一篇

聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物在口腔医学领域的应用

吴子炜,罗诒财,韦银格,廖红兵   

  1. 广西医科大学口腔医学院/附属口腔医院口腔修复科,广西口腔颌面修复与重建研究重点实验室,广西壮族自治区南宁市   530021
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-23 接受日期:2024-09-05 出版日期:2025-12-08 发布日期:2025-01-17
  • 通讯作者: 廖红兵,博士,教授,广西医科大学口腔医学院/附属口腔医院口腔修复科,广西口腔颌面修复与重建研究重点实验室,广西壮族自治区南宁市 530021
  • 作者简介:吴子炜,男,1998 年生,湖北省洪湖市人,汉族,广西医科大学在读硕士,主要从事骨替代材料与组织工程学研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(82160192),项目负责人:廖红兵

Application of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolymer in stomatology

Wu Ziwei, Luo Yicai, Wei Yinge, Liao Hongbing   

  1. Department of Oral Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology/Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics and Reconstruction, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
  • Received:2024-07-23 Accepted:2024-09-05 Online:2025-12-08 Published:2025-01-17
  • Contact: Liao Hongbing, MD, Professor, Department of Oral Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology/Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics and Reconstruction, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Wu Ziwei, Master candidate, Department of Oral Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology/Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics and Reconstruction, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 82160192 (to LHB)

摘要:


文题释义:

聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物:由乳酸和羟基乙酸2种单体按不同比例随机聚合而成,这种人工合成的聚合物具有生物相容性、降解性、无毒、成囊和成膜等优点,被广泛应用于生物医用工程、制药及现代化工业领域。
口腔医学:主要涉及口腔软硬组织,包括对组织生长发育及病变机制的研究,是口腔及颌面部疾病诊断、治疗、预防等方面的科学。


背景:聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物因良好的生物安全性、生物降解性及优越的机械性能已成为口腔医学领域的研究热点。

目的:综述聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物在口腔医学领域的研究进展。
方法:利用计算机检索中国知网和PubMed数据库中的相关文献,中文检索词为“聚乳酸-羟基乙酸,PLGA,口腔缺损,组织工程”;英文检索词为“PLGA,Polylactic acid-hydroxyacetic acid copolymer,Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolymer,dent*,regeneration,caries,periodontal,pulp,implant,alveolar bone”。通过阅读文题和摘要进行初步筛选,排除与文章主题不相关的文献,根据纳入标准和排除标准最终纳入119篇文献进行综述。

结果与结论:聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物在口腔医学领域的应用范围正迅速拓展,逐步取代传统的治疗药物和修复材料。聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物纳米粒子/微球能够负载多种疏水和亲水性活性物质,在龋病预防、根管消毒和盖髓治疗方面具有优秀的递送能力。聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物可以屏障膜和药物载体的形式用于牙周组织再生。聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物用于种植体表面改性,不仅增强了植体表面的抗菌能力,而且改善了植体表面的生物惰性。单纯聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物支架治疗骨缺损的效果有限,需要结合3D打印、各种生物活性成分、无机材料等提高支架性能。聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物联合干细胞可以提高神经损伤修复效果,符合临床需要。基于聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物在口腔医学领域的巨大潜力,未来有望根据口腔组织工程的不同需求生产出针对不同疾病具有特定功能的修复材料。

https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0796-1617 (吴子炜) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料;口腔生物材料;纳米材料;缓释材料;材料相容性;组织工程

关键词: 聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物, 口腔医学, 药物递送, 骨缺损, 组织工程, 工程化口腔材料

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolymer with good biosafety, biodegradability, and superior mechanical properties has become a focal point of research in stomatology. 
OBJECTIVE: To review the advance in stomatology of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolymer.
METHODS: Using a computer-assisted search of relevant literature published in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and PubMed databases, the search terms included “polylactic acid-hydroxyacetic acid, PLGA, oral defect, tissue engineering” in Chinese, and “PLGA, polylactic acid-hydroxyacetic acid copolymer, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolymer, dent*, regeneration, caries, periodontal, pulp, implant, alveolar bone” in English. Preliminary screening was conducted by reading titles and abstracts, excluding literature unrelated to the theme of the article. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 119 articles were included for review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the field of stomatology, the application scope of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolymer is rapidly expanding, gradually replacing the traditional therapeutic drugs and restorative materials. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolymer nanoparticles/microspheres can carry a variety of hydrophobic and hydrophilic active substances, demonstrating excellent delivery capabilities in caries prevention, root canal disinfection, and pulp capping treatment. In periodontal therapy, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolymer is widely used as a barrier membrane and drug carrier for periodontal tissue regeneration. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolymer used for surface modification of implants not only enhances the antibacterial ability of the implant surface but also improves the bio-inert nature of the implant surface. The effect of pure poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolymer scaffolds on treating bone defects is limited and requires the integration of 3D printing, various bioactive components, and inorganic materials to enhance scaffold performance. The combination of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolymer and stem cells can improve the effectiveness of nerve therapy, meeting clinical needs. Based on the great potential of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolymer in the field of stomatology, it is expected that in the future, repair materials with specific functions for different diseases will be produced according to different needs of oral tissue engineering.

Key words: poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolymer, oral medicine, drug delivery, bone defect, tissue engineering, engineered oral materials

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