中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (34): 7385-7392.doi: 10.12307/2025.496

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    下一篇

脱细胞肌腱支架:一种用于肌腱损伤修复的生物医学材料

易小丁,张  迪,郭  鸿,卿  亮,赵田芋   

  1. 成都中医药大学附属医院/四川省中医院康复科,四川省成都市   610072
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-25 接受日期:2024-09-24 出版日期:2025-12-08 发布日期:2025-01-17
  • 通讯作者: 赵田芋,女,硕士,技师,康复治疗师,成都中医药大学附属医院/四川省中医院康复科,四川省成都市 610072
  • 作者简介:易小丁,女,硕士,主治医师,康复医师,主要从事骨科及脑卒中康复领域相关研究。
  • 基金资助:
    成都中医药大学附属医院2023年科技发展基金项目(23TS20),项目名称:杵针联合PNF技术治疗脑卒中后肩手综合征(I期)临床疗效观察,项目负责人:赵田芋;成都中医药大学附属医院2022年科技发展基金项目(22ZL10),项目名称:基于血浆 IL-1 基因多态性探讨“膝痹合剂”促进膝骨关节炎康复作用机制的研究,项目负责人:郭鸿

Decellularized tendon scaffold: a biomedical material for tendon injury repair

Yi Xiaoding, Zhang Di, Guo Hong, Qing Liang, Zhao Tianyu   

  1. Department of Rehabilitation, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine/TCM Hospital of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
  • Received:2024-07-25 Accepted:2024-09-24 Online:2025-12-08 Published:2025-01-17
  • Contact: Zhao Tianyu, MS, Technician, Rehabilitation therapist, Department of Rehabilitation, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine/TCM Hospital of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
  • About author:Yi Xiaoding, MS, Attending physician, Rehabilitation physician, Department of Rehabilitation, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine/TCM Hospital of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    2023 Science and Technology Development Fund of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, No. 23TS20 (to ZTY); 2022 Science and Technology Development Fund of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, No. 22ZL10 (to GH)

摘要:


文题释义:

肌腱损伤:是肌肉骨骼系统的常见疾病,多是由于肌腱负荷过载形成的损伤或断裂,造成组织的生物力学性能下降和大量瘢痕组织形成。
脱细胞肌腱支架:是一种常见的生物医学材料,由胶原蛋白、弹性蛋白、纤维连接蛋白和基质细胞蛋白等大分子蛋白构成,构建类似天然肌腱组织的微环境,具备生物相容性、生物降解性和生物力学性能。


背景:由于肌腱缺乏血液供应同时肌腱细胞的修复能力低下,所以肌腱组织修复周期漫长。随着脱细胞技术的成熟化,目前脱细胞细胞外基质在组织工程与再生医学领域受到越来越多的关注。由于脱细胞肌腱支架具备高活性、低免疫原性以及支撑细胞附着和增殖分化的能力等特点,所以这种材料有望促进肌腱修复。

目的:总结脱细胞肌腱支架的生物特性,阐述脱细胞肌腱支架通过何种作用机制去促进肌腱愈合,同时说明脱细胞肌腱支架联合其他材料的应用方式及未来应用局限性。
方法:检索中国知网和PubMed数据库中相关文献,中文检索词为“肌腱损伤,肌腱修复,肌腱病,脱细胞肌腱支架”;英文检索词为“Tendon injury,Tendon repair,Tendinopathy,decellularized tendon scaffold,decellularized tendon scaffolds”,通过阅读筛选出相关文献,最终纳入77篇文献进行结果分析。

结果与结论:①脱细胞技术可分为物理处理、化学处理和生物程序。②脱细胞肌腱支架作为常见的生物医学材料,具备一定的生物相容性、生物降解性和生物力学性能,这为肌腱损伤修复提供前提和基础。③脱细胞肌腱支架能够缓解组织的炎症反应,促进骨髓间充质干细胞/肌腱源性干细胞的黏附、增殖和分化,维持组织的生物力学性能。④脱细胞肌腱支架可以与其他材料联合应用,例如静电纺丝、水凝胶、干细胞植入和3D打印技术等。⑤未来研究可进一步深究其致病机制,联合其他生物材料与脱细胞肌腱支架应用促进肌腱组织修复。

https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0680-7302(易小丁) ;https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4748-1628(赵田芋) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料;口腔生物材料;纳米材料;缓释材料;材料相容性;组织工程

关键词: 肌腱损伤, 肌腱修复, 肌腱愈合, 脱细胞肌腱支架, 脱细胞基质, 生物医学材料, 组织工程与再生医学, 工程化生物材料, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Due to the lack of blood supply to tendons and the low repair ability of tendon cells, the repair cycle of tendon tissue is long. With the maturity of decellularization technology, decellularized extracellular matrix is receiving increasing attention in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Due to its high activity, low immunogenicity, and ability to support cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation, decellularized tendon scaffolds are expected to promote tendon repair.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the biological characteristics of decellularized tendon scaffolds, elucidate the mechanism by which decellularized tendon scaffolds promote tendon healing, and explain the application methods and future limitations of decellularized tendon scaffolds in combination with other materials. 
METHODS: Relevant literature was retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure and PubMed databases using the Chinese search terms “tendon injury, tendon repair, tendon disease, decellularized tendon scaffold” and English search terms “tendon injury, tendon repair, tendinopathy, decellularized tendon scaffold, decellularized tendon scaffolds.” By reading and screening relevant literature, 77 articles were ultimately included for result analysis. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Decellularization technology can be divided into physical treatment, chemical treatment, and biological procedures. (2) Decellularized tendon scaffolds, as a common biomedical material, have certain biocompatibility, biodegradability, and biomechanical properties, which provide a prerequisite and foundation for tendon injury repair. (3) Decellularized tendon scaffolds can alleviate the inflammatory response of tissues, promote the adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells/tendon derived stem cells, and maintain the biomechanical properties of tissues. (4) Decellularized tendon scaffolds can be used in combination with other materials, such as electrospinning, hydrogel, stem cell implantation, and 3D printing technology. (5) Future research can further investigate its pathogenic mechanism and improve tendon tissue repair by combining other biomaterials with decellularized tendon scaffold applications. 

Key words: tendon injury, tendon repair, tendon healing, decellularized tendon scaffold, decellularized matrix, biomedical material, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, engineered biomaterial, review

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