中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (13): 2784-2792.doi: 10.12307/2025.033

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

外泌体来源非编码RNA对骨关节炎微环境的作用及临床应用进展

李志超1,2,杨振国2,王  磊2,王文波2,薛景才2,刘文斌2,曹  慧1   

  1. 1山东中医药大学,山东省济南市   250000;2山东中医药大学第二附属医院,山东省济南市   250000
  • 收稿日期:2023-12-14 接受日期:2024-02-24 出版日期:2025-05-08 发布日期:2024-09-12
  • 通讯作者: 曹慧,硕士,教授,山东中医药大学,山东省济南市 250000
  • 作者简介:李志超,男,1990年生,山东省临沂市人,汉族,山东中医药大学2023级在读博士,主治医师,主要从事脊柱关节疾病的临床及基础研究工作。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(82374620),项目负责人:曹慧;山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2021MH298),负责人:王磊;山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2022QH105),项目负责人:李志超

Role and clinical application progress of exosome-derived non-coding RNA in microenvironment of osteoarthritis

Li Zhichao1, 2, Yang Zhenguo2, Wang Lei2, Wang Wenbo2, Xue Jingcai2, Liu Wenbin2, Cao Hui1   

  1. 1Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, Shandong Province, China; 2Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, Shandong Province, China
  • Received:2023-12-14 Accepted:2024-02-24 Online:2025-05-08 Published:2024-09-12
  • Contact: Cao Hui, Master, Professor, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, Shandong Province, China
  • About author:Li Zhichao, Doctoral candidate, Attending physician, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, Shandong Province, China; Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, Shandong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 82374620 (to CH); Shandong Natural Science Foundation, No. ZR2021MH298 (to WL); Shandong Natural Science Foundation, No. ZR2022QH105 (to LZC)

摘要:

文题释义:

外泌体:是一类细胞衍生的细胞外小泡,直径通常为30-150 nm,是最小类型的细胞外囊泡,其中包含源自原始细胞的复杂内容物,包括蛋白质、脂质、信使核糖核酸,RNA和DNA等。
非编码RNA(non-coding RNAs,ncRNAs):是一种不被翻译成蛋白质的功能性RNA分子,具有调节受体细胞活动和功能的作用。

摘要
背景:骨关节炎是一种常见的关节退行性疾病,其发生发展的病因学机制尚不清楚。早期骨关节炎的及时诊治十分重要,目前尚无确切有效的方法。外泌体来源广泛,其中包含非编码RNA(Non-coding RNAs,ncRNAs),如微小RNAs、环状RNAs和长链非编码RNAs。外泌体ncRNAs可直接从原始细胞递送至邻近或远程细胞,通过细胞间通讯调节细胞活性,在重塑骨关节微环境中具有重要的调控作用。
目的:总结外泌体来源ncRNAs对骨关节炎关节内微环境的干预作用,以及在临床应用中取得的进展,阐明其在骨关节炎诊治方面的
潜力。
方法:以“exosomes,non-coding RNA,osteoarthritis,application,signal pathway, synovial fluid,cartilage cells,cartilage matrix, subchondral bone,mechanism”为检索词在PubMed数据库中进行检索,最终纳入66篇相关文献进行综述分析。
结果与结论:①外泌体来源ncRNAs在骨关节炎的发病过程中对关节内微环境具有重要调控作用,主要体现在外泌体ncRNAs调控关节内炎症反应、软骨细胞及软骨基质的退化,软骨下骨重塑和细胞间通讯。②外泌体中的ncRNAs可以作为骨关节炎的生物标志物,帮助骨关节炎的早期诊断和监测疾病进展与预后。③外泌体ncRNAs可作为骨关节炎的治疗靶点,外泌体携带miRNAs递送到关节的软骨细胞及软骨基质,发挥调控作用。④外泌体ncRNAs可以通过调控基因表达、促进细胞间通讯,提高软骨组织工程的效果,修复或再生受损软骨。⑤未来研究者应继续发掘外泌体来源ncRNAs对骨关节炎的干预机制,并可结合最新软骨组织工程的研究成果应用到临床之中,这将有效帮助解决骨关节炎患者的病痛。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2862-802X (李志超);https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1246-2128 (曹慧) 


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 外泌体, 非编码RNA, 骨关节炎, 关节内微环境, 信号通路, 软骨退变, 生物标志物, 临床应用

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis is a common degenerative joint disease, and the etiology and development of its pathogenesis are still unclear. Timely diagnosis and treatment of early osteoarthritis are crucial, and there is currently no definite and effective method. Extracellular vesicles come from a wide range of sources, including non-coding RNAs such as small RNAs, circular RNAs, and long chain non-coding RNAs. Extracellular vesicles non-coding RNAs can be directly delivered from primitive cells to neighboring or remote cells, regulating cell activity through intercellular communication and playing an important regulatory role in reshaping the bone and joint microenvironment. 
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the intervention effects of exosome-derived non-coding RNAs on the joint microenvironment of osteoarthritis and the progress made in clinical application, and to clarify the potential of exosome-derived non-coding RNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis. 
METHODS: Search terms “exosomes, non-coding RNA, osteoarthritis, application, signal pathway, synovial fluid, cartilage cells, cartilage matrix, subchondral, mechanism” were used for the search on PubMed database. Finally, 66 related articles were included for review analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Exosome-derived non-coding RNAs play an important regulatory role in the joint microenvironment during the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis, mainly reflected in: exosome non-coding RNAs regulating the inflammatory response in the joint, degeneration of chondrocytes and cartilage matrix, subchondral bone remodeling, and intercellular communication. (2) The non-coding RNAs in exosomes can serve as biomarkers for osteoarthritis, aiding in the early diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression and prognosis. (3) Exosome non-coding RNAs serve as therapeutic targets for osteoarthritis.  Exosomes carry miRNAs to the articular chondrocytes and cartilage matrix to play a regulatory role. (4) Exosomes non-coding RNAs can improve the effect of cartilage tissue engineering by regulating gene expression and promoting intercellular communication to repair or regenerate damaged cartilage. (5) In future research, researchers should continue to explore the intervention mechanism of non-coding RNAs derived from exosomes on osteoarthritis, and apply them to clinical practice in combination with the latest research outcomes in cartilage tissue engineering, which will effectively help solve the pain of osteoarthritis patients. 

Key words: exosomes, non-coding RNA, osteoarthritis, intraarticular microenvironment, signaling pathway, cartilage degeneration, biomarker, clinical application

中图分类号: