中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (31): 5058-5063.doi: 10.12307/2023.727

• 骨与关节综述 bone and joint review • 上一篇    下一篇

有限元分析在人工膝关节置换中的应用

李浩然1,黄  健2   

  1. 1内蒙古医科大学,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市   010000;2内蒙古医科大学第二附属医院(内蒙古自治区骨科研究所),内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市   010000
  • 收稿日期:2022-09-17 接受日期:2022-11-16 出版日期:2023-11-08 发布日期:2023-01-31
  • 通讯作者: 黄健,博士,教授,主任医师,内蒙古医科大学第二附属医院(内蒙古自治区骨科研究所),内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市 010000
  • 作者简介:李浩然,男,1993年生,汉族,内蒙古医科大学在读硕士,主要从事关节外科研究。
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区科技攻关计划项目(2021GG0194),项目负责人:黄健

Application of finite element analysis in artificial knee arthroplasty

Li Haoran1, Huang Jian2   

  1. 1Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China; 2Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University (Inner Mongolia Institute of Orthopedics), Hohhot 010000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • Received:2022-09-17 Accepted:2022-11-16 Online:2023-11-08 Published:2023-01-31
  • Contact: Huang Jian, MD, Professor, Chief physician, Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University (Inner Mongolia Institute of Orthopedics), Hohhot 010000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Li Haoran, Master candidate, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • Supported by:
    Science and Technology Research Plan Program of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, No. 2021GG0194 (to HJ)

摘要:


文题释义:

人工膝关节置换:用人工生物材料来置换膝关节病变的软骨和骨,通过切除磨损破坏的关节面,用新的人工材料来替代,是治疗终末期膝关节骨性关节炎的有效手段。
有限元分析:是一种数值计算技术,能够对复杂的几何形状和载荷系统进行建模,在静态、动态和非线性等领域提供不同的分析,并且在计算机中进行各结构的拆分与组合,取得多组结果用于对比分析,实现对复杂关节的生物力学研究。

背景:人工膝关节置换作为治疗膝关节骨性关节炎、类风湿性关节炎等各类终末期关节疾患最有效的方法,广泛应用于关节外科领域。有限元分析是随着计算机技术不断进步而逐渐发展而来的一种生物力学研究方法,具有强大的建模功能和三维仿真特点。目前,有限元分析已广泛应用于骨科生物力学研究。
目的:综述有限元分析技术在各类人工膝关节置换术中的应用现状与进展。
方法:使用计算机检索PubMed、CNKI、万方数据库发表的关于有限元分析与人工膝关节置换的相关文献,文献发表时间为从各数据库建库至2022年8月,英文检索词:finite element analysis,TKA,UKA,revision total knee arthroplasty,knee osteoarthritis,knee joint,femoral component,tibia component;中文检索词:有限元分析,全膝关节置换术,单髁置换术,膝关节翻修术,膝关节,股骨假体,胫骨假体,最终共纳入53篇文献进行综述。

结果与结论:①在全膝关节置换过程中,活动平台较固定平台降低了胫股关节接触面应力,从而减少了聚乙烯垫片的磨损;相对于机械对线,采用运动对线的全膝关节置换人工关节的股骨假体与聚乙烯垫片的最大应力与最大应变值均减小,产生的应力更低,从而减少关节接触面的磨损,延长假体寿命;②在单髁置换过程中,活动平台股骨和胫骨假体形合性较好,能够减少假体磨损;而固定平台假体单髁置换应避免过度形合引起局部应力集中而导致加速假体磨损;③在人工膝关节翻修术中,延长杆的设计长度应在保留骨质和植入后减少假体周围应力之间保持最佳平衡;与骨水泥延长杆相比,压配式延长杆显示出更高的微动;④相对于传统的力学研究而言,有限元分析可以进行相对较为准确的模拟,弥补了传统力学在膝关节研究上的不足,因此在医学领域具有较高的应用价值。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5816-5006 (李浩然) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 有限元分析法, 全膝关节置换, 单髁置换, 膝关节翻修, 膝关节, 股骨假体, 胫骨假体

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Artificial knee arthroplasty is widely used in the field of joint surgery as the most effective treatment for various end-stage joint diseases such as knee osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Finite element analysis is a biomechanical research method developed gradually with the continuous progress of computer technology, which has a strong modeling function and three-dimensional simulation characteristics. At present, finite element analysis has been widely used in orthopedic biomechanical studies.  
OBJECTIVE: To review the current status and progress of finite element analysis in various types of total knee arthroplasty.
METHODS: Articles related to finite element analysis and artificial knee arthroplasty published from inception to August 2022 were searched on PubMed, CNKI and WanFang databases by computer. English search terms were “finite element analysis, TKA, UKA, revision total knee arthroplasty, knee osteoarthritis, knee joint, femoral component, tibia component”. Chinese search terms were “finite element analysis, total knee arthroplasty, unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, knee revision, knee, femoral prosthesis, tibial prosthesis”. A total of 53 articles were finally included for review.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) In total knee arthroplasty, the mobile bearing reduces the tibiofemoral joint contact surface stress compared with the fixed bearing, thereby reducing the wear of the polyethylene bearing. Compared with mechanical alignment, total knee arthroplasty with kinematic alignment reduces the maximum stress and maximum strain value of femoral prosthesis and polyethylene insert of the artificial joint, and generates lower stress, thus reducing the wear of joint contact surface and prolonging the life of the prosthesis. (2) In unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, the femoral and tibial prostheses of the mobile platform have better conformity and can reduce prosthesis wear; while the fixed platform prosthesis in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty should avoid local stress concentration caused by overconformity and lead to accelerated prosthesis wear. (3) In revision total knee arthroplasty, the design length of the stem extension should maintain the best balance between preserving bone quality and reducing periprosthetic stress after implantation. Press-fit stems showed higher micromotion compared to cemented stems. (4) Compared with traditional mechanical research, finite element analysis can carry out relatively accurate simulations and make up for the shortcomings of traditional mechanics in knee joint research, so it has a high application value in the medical field.

Key words: finite element analysis, total knee arthroplasty, unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, revision total knee arthroplasty, knee joint, femoral prosthesis, tibial prosthesis

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