中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (29): 4641-4646.doi: 10.12307/2023.652

• 骨科植入物 orthopedic implant • 上一篇    下一篇

长臂单轴椎弓根螺钉与单平面椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗创伤性胸腰椎骨折复位力度比较

陈  肖1,何斌斌2,周友亮1,赵  亮1,张新国1,蒋子云2,沈  哲3   

  1. 广州中医药大学深圳医院(福田),1骨伤科,2医务科,广东省深圳市   518034;3深圳市第二人民医院脊柱外科,广东省深圳市   518000
  • 收稿日期:2022-05-23 接受日期:2022-08-08 出版日期:2023-10-18 发布日期:2022-12-02
  • 通讯作者: 陈肖,硕士,副主任医师,广州中医药大学深圳医院(福田)骨伤科,广东省深圳市 518034
  • 作者简介:陈肖,男,1983年生,湖南省长沙市人,汉族,硕士,副主任医师,主要从事中西医结合骨伤科诊治老年退变性疾病研究。

Comparison of reduction strength between long-arm single-axis pedicle screw fixation and single-plane pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of traumatic thoracolumbar fractures

Chen Xiao1, He Binbin2, Zhou Youliang1, Zhao Liang1, Zhang Xinguo1, Jiang Ziyun2, Shen Zhe3   

  1. 1Department of TCM Orthopedics, 2Medical Services Section, Shenzhen Hospital (Futian) of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518034, Guangdong Province, China; 3Department of Spinal Surgery, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2022-05-23 Accepted:2022-08-08 Online:2023-10-18 Published:2022-12-02
  • Contact: Chen Xiao, Master, Associate chief physician, Department of TCM Orthopedics, Shenzhen Hospital (Futian) of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518034, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Chen Xiao, Master, Associate chief physician, Department of TCM Orthopedics, Shenzhen Hospital (Futian) of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518034, Guangdong Province, China

摘要:


文题释义:

长臂单轴椎弓根螺钉复位内固定系统:长臂单轴椎弓根螺钉复位系统由螺钉、预弯钛棒、连接杆和螺塞组成,通过连接块与螺钉之间的角度及通过长臂钉直接复位完成骨折复位。复位原理与 AF系统类似,均是通过螺钉与连接杆内预留角度、通过牵张前后纵韧带达到骨折复位,尚可同时经过长臂复位工具手动加强复位,从而可获得更理想的复位效果。因其为单轴椎弓根螺钉,相对于多轴椎弓根螺钉可获得更佳复位力度,且长臂使力臂增加,使用较小力度即可获得满意效果。 
微创经皮单平面椎弓根螺钉内固定:通过建立一个可扩张撑开的工作通道,精确到达手术区域,不需广泛剥离肌肉及软组织,顺利实现以往只有传统开放手术才能完成的所有复杂操作。此技术尽可能地保留了腰椎后部结构,减轻对腰背肌的损伤,出血少,手术创伤小,有利于患者术后尽快恢复腰椎功能。此技术应用面广,可应用于所有的腰椎退行性疾病(包括腰椎间盘突出症、腰椎管狭窄症、腰椎滑脱症、脊柱外伤性骨折等)的手术治疗。

背景:经皮入路行长臂单轴椎弓根螺钉固定与微创经皮单平面椎弓根螺钉内固定均是临床常用的经典微创手术方案,但两种术式在治疗胸腰椎骨折方面尚存在争议。
目的:对比经皮入路长臂单轴椎弓根螺钉与微创经皮单平面椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的优势与局限。
方法:纳入2017年3月至2021年6月广州中医药大学深圳医院(福田)收治的90例胸腰椎骨折患者,利用随机数表法分对照组(n=45)与试验组(n=45)。对照组进行微创经皮单平面椎弓根螺钉内固定手术,试验组进行经皮入路长臂单轴椎弓根螺钉内固定手术,对比两组围术期一般情况、疼痛程度、恢复情况相关指标及并发症。
结果与结论:①与对照组相比,试验组术中失血量较少、手术时间及住院时间缩短(P < 0.05);②术后2周、1个月,试验组Oswestry功能障碍指数、Cobb角均低于对照组(P < 0.05),伤椎前缘高度与后缘高度大于对照组(P < 0.05);术后2个月,试验组Oswestry功能障碍指数、Cobb角均低于对照组(P < 0.05),两组间伤椎前缘高度与后缘高度比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);术后2周,试验组目测类比评分低于对照组(P < 0.05);③对照组45例中发生切口感染2例、运动障碍2例、植入物相关不良反应1例,总发生率为11%;试验组45例中发生运动障碍2例,总发生率为4%,两组间并发症总发生率比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);④结果显示,经皮入路长臂单轴椎弓根螺钉与微创经皮单平面椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折均可取得较好效果,但经皮入路长臂单轴椎弓根螺钉内固定手术时间较短、术中失血量少,故在获取同等效益情况下其是理想术式选择。
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0459-7460(陈肖)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 胸腰椎骨折, 长臂单轴椎弓根螺钉, 经皮入路, 微创, 经皮单平面, 椎体功能

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Percutaneous long-arm single-axis pedicle screw fixation and minimally invasive percutaneous single-plane pedicle screw internal fixation are both classical minimally invasive surgical options commonly used in clinical practice, but the two surgical methods in the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures are still controversial. 
OBJECTIVE: To compare the advantages and limitations of two procedures, long-arm single-axis pedicle screw percutaneous approach and minimally invasive percutaneous single-plane pedicle screw internal fixation, in the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures. 
METHODS: Ninety patients with thoracolumbar fractures admitted to Shenzhen Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine from March 2017 to June 2021 were included and assigned to the control group (n=45) and the trial group (n=45). The control group received minimally invasive percutaneous single-plane pedicle screw internal fixation. The trial group received long-arm single-axis pedicle screw percutaneous approach. The indexes related to perioperative general condition, pain level, and recovery were compared between the two groups. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with the control group, the trial group had less intraoperative blood loss, shorter operative time and hospital stay (P < 0.05). (2) At 2 weeks and 1 month after operation, Oswestry dysfunction index score and Cobb angle in the trial group were lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The anterior and posterior heights of the injured vertebra were higher in the trial group than those of the control group (P < 0.05). At 2 months after operation, the Oswestry dysfunction index score and Cobb angle in the trial group were lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the anterior and posterior heights of the injured vertebra between the two groups (P > 0.05). At 2 weeks after operation, the visual analog scale score was lower in the trial group than that in the control group (P < 0.05). (3) Among the 45 cases in the control group, there were 2 cases of incision infection, 2 cases of dyskinesia, and 1 case of implant-related adverse reactions, with a total incidence rate of 11%. Among the 45 cases in the trial group, there were 2 cases of dyskinesia, and the total incidence was 4%. There was no significant difference in the total incidence of complications between the two groups (P > 0.05). (4) Both long-arm single-axis pedicle screw percutaneous approach and minimally invasive percutaneous single-plane pedicle screw internal fixation can achieve better results in the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures. However, the former has shorter operative time and less intraoperative blood loss, so the former is the ideal surgical option for obtaining the same benefit.

Key words: thoracolumbar fracture, long-arm single-axis pedicle screw, percutaneous approach, minimally invasive, percutaneous single-plane, vertebral body function

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