中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (27): 4408-4413.doi: 10.12307/2023.604

• 骨与关节综述 bone and joint review • 上一篇    下一篇

颈前路减压融合后椎间植入物下沉的风险与预防

彭建城1,姚晓玲1,凌海乾1,赖  盈2,李  捷1   

  1. 1深圳市龙岗区骨科医院,广东省深圳市   518116;2广东药科大学临床医学院,广东省广州市   510006
  • 收稿日期:2022-05-12 接受日期:2022-07-18 出版日期:2023-09-28 发布日期:2022-11-08
  • 通讯作者: 李捷,副主任医师,深圳市龙岗区骨科医院,广东省深圳市 518116
  • 作者简介:彭建城,男,1995年生,广东省梅州市人,汉族,2021年广州中医药大学毕业,硕士,医师,主要从事脊柱外科方向研究。

Risk and prevention of intervertebral implant subsidence after anterior cervical decompression and fusion

Peng Jiancheng1, Yao Xiaoling1, Ling Haiqian1, Lai Ying2, Li Jie1   

  1. 1Shenzhen Longgang District Orthopedic Hospital, Shenzhen 518116, Guangdong Province, China; 2School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2022-05-12 Accepted:2022-07-18 Online:2023-09-28 Published:2022-11-08
  • Contact: Li Jie, Associate chief physician, Shenzhen Longgang District Orthopedic Hospital, Shenzhen 518116, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Peng Jiancheng, Master, Physician, Shenzhen Longgang District Orthopedic Hospital, Shenzhen 518116, Guangdong Province, China

摘要:


文题释义:

颈前路减压融合术后并发症:主要有吞咽困难、相邻节段退变、喉返神经麻痹、脑脊液漏、血肿、感染、椎间植入物下沉等,术后并发症的整体发生率约8%,其中最常见的并发症是吞咽困难,发生率为1.7%-67%,而椎间植入物下沉的平均发生率为21.1%。
椎间植入物下沉:是指脊柱减压融合内固定术后椎间盘高度因各种原因导致丢失,其中颈前路减压融合术后椎间植入物下沉诊断标准为颈椎间盘高度丢失≥3 mm,有学者将手术节段的融合器下沉≤2 mm定义为轻度,下沉在2-4 mm之间为中度,下沉≥4 mm为重度。椎间植入物下沉可引起术后颈椎曲度改变、轴性症状、节段不稳甚至颈椎后凸畸形,但也有学者认为其对临床疗效无明显影响。

背景:椎间植入物下沉是颈前路减压融合术后的常见并发症之一,了解该并发症具有重要意义。
目的:总结关于颈前路减压融合术后椎间植入物下沉的国内外文献,以期对脊柱外科医生进行临床指导。
方法:在中国知网、万方数据库和PubMed数据库,以“intervertebral implant,subsidence,anterior cervical decompression and fusion,cage,review,biomechanical analysis,three-dimensional finite element,three-dimensional printing technology,complications,biomaterials”及“椎间植入物,下沉,颈前路减压融合术,融合器,综述,生物力学研究,三维有限元,3D打印技术,并发症,生物材料”为检索词进行文献检索。
结果与结论:①在术前因素中,骨质疏松、体质量指数较低、更高的T1倾斜率和倒置的颈椎角是颈前路术后出现椎间融合器下沉的危险因素。②C6/7是颈前路术后椎间融合器下沉的好发节段,长节段的发生率高于短节段,大多数文献认为,钛板-融合器内固定系统能有效降低下沉风险。③植入物的宽度、直径、高度与术后下沉率相关,植入物放置趋于终板中央时下沉风险增高。④矩形、解剖型、12-叶形、多孔结构融合器及仿生凹坑表面置于融合器侧面时可有效降低下沉风险。⑤聚醚醚酮材料融合器较钛合金融合器的下沉风险较低,可降解材料、复合材料在近年得到更多的研究,但仍需进一步证明其安全性和有效性。⑥过度刮除终板、椎间过度撑开、颈椎牵开器撑开时间过久、螺钉置入位置较差、植入物置入角度欠佳是导致术后椎间植入物下沉的危险因素,术后过早去除颈托会增加下沉风险。⑦生物力学研究、材料学研究、3D打印技术、远期随访是未来研究颈前路减压融合术后椎间植入物下沉的有效途径。
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6707-6593 (彭建城) 

关键词: 椎间植入物, 下沉, 颈前路减压融合术, 融合器, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Intervertebral implant subsidence is one of the common complications after anterior cervical decompression and fusion, and it is important to understand this complication.  
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the domestic and foreign articles on the subsidence of intervertebral implants after anterior cervical decompression and fusion in order to provide clinical guidance for spine surgeons.
METHODS: A computed-based online retrieval of CNKI, Wanfang and PubMed databases was conducted with Chinese and English keywords of “intervertebral implant, subsidence, anterior cervical decompression and fusion, cage, review, biomechanical analysis, three-dimensional finite element, three-dimensional printing technology, complications, biomaterials”.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Among the preoperative factors, osteoporosis, lower body mass index, higher T1 slope and inverted cervical spine angle were the risk factors for cage subsidence after anterior cervical approach. (2) C6/7 is the most common segment for the subsidence of the interbody cage after anterior cervical approach. The incidence of long segments is higher than that of short segments. Most articles believe that titanium plate-cage internal fixation system can effectively reduce the subsidence risk. (3) The width, diameter and height of the implant are related to the postoperative subsidence rate and the risk of subsidence increases when the implant is placed in the center of the endplate. (4) Rectangular, anatomical, 12-lobed, porous structure cage and bionic pit surface can effectively reduce the risk of subsidence when placed on the side of the cage. (5) Compared with titanium alloy cages, polyether ether ketone cages have lower subsidence risk. Degradable materials and composite materials have been studied more in recent years, but their safety and effectiveness still need to be further proved. (6) Excessive curettage of the endplate, excessive distraction of the intervertebral body, prolonged distraction of the cervical retractor, poor screw placement, and poor implant placement angle are the risk factors of postoperative intervertebral implant subsidence; premature cervical collar removal after surgery increases the risk of subsidence. (7) Biomechanical research, materials research, 3D printing technology, and long-term follow-up are effective ways to study the subsidence of intervertebral implants after anterior cervical decompression and fusion in the future.

Key words: intervertebral implant, subsidence, anterior cervical decompression and fusion, cage, review

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