中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (17): 2644-2650.doi: 10.12307/2023.146

• 血管组织构建 vascular tissue construction • 上一篇    

热射病猪血管内皮细胞损伤的病理变化及相关黏附分子表达

胡玲玲1,倪  军2,付  刚2,张  静2   

  1. 1新乡医学院研究生处,河南省新乡市  453000;2中国人民解放军陆军第八十三集团军医院,河南省新乡市  453000
  • 收稿日期:2022-03-03 接受日期:2022-05-09 出版日期:2023-06-18 发布日期:2022-10-21
  • 通讯作者: 倪军,硕士,副主任医师,硕士生导师,中国人民解放军陆军第八十三集团军医院,河南省新乡市 453000 付刚,副主任医师,中国人民解放军陆军第八十三集团军医院,河南省新乡市 453000
  • 作者简介:胡玲玲,女,1993年生,新乡医学院临床学院在读硕士,主要从事内分泌学方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    军队后勤科研计划项目(CLJ20J026),项目负责人:倪军

Pathological changes and expression of related adhesion molecules in vascular endothelial cell injury in heatstroke pigs

Hu Lingling1, Ni Jun2, Fu Gang2, Zhang Jing2   

  1. 1Graduate School, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453000, Henan Province, China; 2The 83rd Army Hospital of Chinese PLA, Xinxiang 453000, Henan Province, China
  • Received:2022-03-03 Accepted:2022-05-09 Online:2023-06-18 Published:2022-10-21
  • Contact: Ni Jun, Master, Associate chief physician, Master’s supervisor, The 83rd Army Hospital of Chinese PLA, Xinxiang 453000, Henan Province, China Fu Gang, Associate chief physician, The 83rd Army Hospital of Chinese PLA, Xinxiang 453000, Henan Province, China
  • About author:Hu Lingling, Master candidate, Graduate School, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453000, Henan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Military Logistics Scientific Research Project, No. CLJ20J026 (to NJ)

摘要:

文题义:
血管内皮细胞:分布在动脉、毛细血管和静脉壁的管腔内面,具有多种不同的生理功能,诸如增加血管通透性、舒张血管、增加白细胞外渗以及控制凝血和血栓形成的作用。在静息状态下,完整的内皮细胞具有抗血栓作用,而病理条件下刺激物可激活内皮细胞发挥促血栓形成的功能。血管内皮细胞通过抑制血栓的形成及控制血管炎症反应的进程,从而维持血管平衡。
细胞间黏附分子1:是免疫球蛋白超家族之一,可在各类细胞表面表达,广泛分布于细胞因子活化的内皮细胞及上皮细胞、单核巨噬细胞、树突状细胞、平滑肌细胞、淋巴细胞表面,其中最主要表达于血管内皮细胞上,是介导血管内皮细胞与白细胞黏附的最重要的黏附分子,在炎症反应、血液凝固、免疫识别中发挥重要作用,是反映血管内皮细胞损伤的特异性标志物之一。


背景:热射病是一种死亡率极高的疾病,是由高温引起的广泛内皮细胞损伤及多脏器功能衰竭的临床综合征,常见的并发症是凝血功能异常,而血管内皮病变在重度中暑引发的凝血功能紊乱中发挥关键作用。
目的:观察热射病猪血管内皮细胞损伤的病理变化特点及相关黏附分子细胞间黏附分子1的表达。
方法:选取12只普通级健康雄性巴马小型猪,体质量15-20 kg,采用随机数字表法分为常温对照组及热射病组,每组6只。热射病组建立高温高湿环境下重度中暑猪模型,而常温对照组小猪置于恒温恒湿气候舱中。采集两组实验前、后静脉血,检测血常规、凝血功能指标;取相同部位的腹主动脉、冠状动脉、肺组织标本,苏木精-伊红染色观察两组标本病理损伤变化;采用免疫组织化学染色对比两组细胞间黏附分子1的表达水平;高倍透射电子显微镜观察冠状动脉及肺组织超微结构变化。
结果与结论:①常温对照组实验前、后活化部分凝血活酶时间、凝血酶原时间、血浆D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原降解产物水平及红细胞、血小板计数比较,差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);②热射病组实验后红细胞计数、活化部分凝血活酶时间、凝血酶原时间、血浆D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原降解产物水平高于实验前,且高于常温对照组;血小板计数低于实验前,且低于常温对照组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);③苏木精-伊红染色:常温对照组腹主动脉、冠状动脉、肺微血管组织病理结构正常;热射病组腹主动脉内皮细胞轻度水肿,未见明显异常;冠状动脉可见血栓形成、内皮细胞脱落、坏死,数量减少;肺微血管弥漫性出血、内皮细胞数量明显减少;④免疫组织化学染色结果显示:常温对照组腹主动脉、冠状动脉、肺组织观察到内皮细胞浆膜上有数量较多、呈棕黄色线状的细胞间黏附分子1阳性表达;热射病组内皮细胞浆膜上染色数量明显减少,或表达缺如,呈浅黄色的细胞间黏附分子1弱阳性表达;热射病组血管组织中细胞间黏附分子1平均吸光度值低于常温对照组(P < 0.05);⑤电镜观察超微结构:热射病组冠状动脉组织可见细胞核形状不规则,线粒体肿胀;热射病组肺组织可见少量细胞核及线粒体肿胀;⑥提示热射病可导致小型猪血管内皮细胞损伤,且以微小血管损伤表现显著。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1858-1048(胡玲玲)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程


关键词: 热射病, 血管内皮细胞损伤, 细胞间黏附分子1, 凝血功能

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Heatstroke is a highly fatal syndrome characterized by extensive endothelial cell injury and multiple organ failure caused by high temperature. The common complication is abnormal coagulation function, and vascular endothelial disease plays a key role in the coagulation disorder caused by severe heatstroke.
OBJECTIVE: To observe the pathological changes of vascular endothelial cell injury in severe heatstroke pigs and the expression of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1.
METHODS: Twelve healthy male Bama miniature pigs (conventional animals) weighing 15-20 kg were randomly divided into normal temperature control group (n=6) and heatstroke group (n=6). Severe heatstroke pig model was made in the heatstroke group under high temperature and humidity environment. The pigs in the normal temperature control group were placed in a constant temperature humidity chamber. Venous blood samples before and after the experiment was collected for blood routine and coagulation function examinations in the two groups. The abdominal aorta, coronary artery and lung tissue samples at the same position were taken, and the pathological changes of the samples in the two groups were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Immunohistochemical staining was used to observe the level of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in the two groups. The ultrastructural changes of the coronary artery and lung were observed by high-power transmission electron microscope.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were no significant changes in activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, plasma D-dimer, fibrinogen degradation product level and red blood cell and platelet counts in the normal temperature control group before and after the experiment (P > 0.05). The red blood cell count, activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, plasma D-dimer and fibrinogen degradation products in the heatstroke group increased significantly after the experiment and were higher than those in the normal temperature control group. Whereas, the platelet count decreased in the heatstroke group after the experimental and was significantly lower than that in the normal temperature control group (P < 0.05). Hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed that the pathological structure of abdominal aorta, coronary artery and pulmonary microvessels in the normal temperature control group was normal. Abdominal aortic endothelial cells in the heatstroke group were slightly edematous without obvious abnormalities; thrombosis, endothelial cell abscission, and necrosis were observed in the coronary artery, and the cell number decreased; and pulmonary microvascular diffuse hemorrhage and the number of endothelial cells decreased significantly. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the positive expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 with a large number of brownish yellow lines on the serosa of endothelial cells was observed in the abdominal aorta, coronary artery and lung of normal temperature control group; the number of endothelial cells on the serosa decreased significantly or the expression was absent and the light yellow intercellular adhesion molecule-1 was weakly positive in the heatstroke group; the average absorbance value of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in vascular tissue in the heatstroke group was significantly lower than that in the normal temperature control group (P < 0.05). Under the electron microscope, irregular nuclei and swollen mitochondria were observed in coronary artery tissue in the heatstroke group, as well as a small amount of swollen nuclei and mitochondria observed in the lung tissue. To conclude, heatstroke can cause an injury to vascular endothelial cells, especially microvascular injury, in miniature pigs.

Key words: heatstroke, vascular endothelial cell injury, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, coagulation function

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