中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (13): 2038-2043.doi: 10.12307/2023.274

• 人工假体 artificial prosthesis • 上一篇    下一篇

内翻膝全膝关节置换过程中两种胫骨假体旋转定位方式的比较

黄晖达,黄永明,周俊德,刘文渤,林跃玮,苏海涛   

  1. 广州中医药大学第二临床医学院,广东省广州市   510006
  • 收稿日期:2022-03-17 接受日期:2022-05-06 出版日期:2023-05-08 发布日期:2022-08-12
  • 通讯作者: 苏海涛,硕士,主任医师,广州中医药大学第二临床医学院,广东省广州市 510006
  • 作者简介:黄晖达,男,1995 年生,广东省潮州市人,汉族,2022年广州中医药大学毕业,硕士,主要从事中医药防治骨科疾病方面的研究。

Comparison of two techniques in locating tibial prosthesis during total knee arthroplasty of varus knee

Huang Huida, Huang Yongming, Zhou Junde, Liu Wenbo, Lin Yuewei, Su Haitao   

  1. Second Clinical School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2022-03-17 Accepted:2022-05-06 Online:2023-05-08 Published:2022-08-12
  • Contact: Su Haitao, Master, Chief physician, Second Clinical School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Huang Huida, Master, Second Clinical School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, China

摘要:

文题释义:
全膝关节置换:是终末期膝骨关节炎的最终治疗手段。通过切除病变的关节面和重建软组织平衡,并用人工材料代替原本关节面,从而纠正下肢力线,缓解疼痛,恢复膝关节功能。
胫骨假体旋转定位:通过特定的方式,达到胫骨假体的准确安放。胫骨假体旋转定位不良是导致手术预后不佳的常见因素之一。目前常用的胫骨假体旋转定位方式有:以Akagi线为代表的髓外定位技术、髓内定位技术、ROM技术、计算机导航技术、3D打印个性化截骨技术。目前关于最佳的定位方式尚无定论。

背景:Akagi线和试模复位技术(ROM)是全膝关节置换术中进行胫骨假体旋转定位的常用方法,但对此两种定位方法之间的差异性大小及来源仍缺乏相关研究。
目的:比较内翻膝全膝关节置换术中Akagi线和ROM技术定位的差异,并探讨此差异产生的原因。
方法:纳入2021年7-12月在广东省中医院大学城医院骨科行全膝关节置换且术前伴内翻畸形的70例患者,所有手术均应用后稳定型假体。术前通过X射线片测量股胫角、股骨远端外侧角、胫骨近端内侧角、胫骨股骨关节线夹角,并计算其与正常值的差异;术中测量Akagi线和ROM技术定位的差异角度α;通过相关性分析和多元线性回归分析法对术前测得的各角度和α进行统计学检验。
结果与结论:①术前Δ机械股胫角为(10.90±4.82)°,Δ解剖股胫角为(10.81±4.34)°,Δ机械股骨远端外侧角为(-3.26±2.68)°,Δ解剖股骨远端外侧角为(-3.00±2.30)°,Δ机械胫骨近端内侧角为(2.39±3.05)°,Δ解剖胫骨近端内侧角为(2.98±3.31)°,Δ胫骨股骨关节线夹角为(4.71±2.52)°;术中测得的角度α为(2.39±2.50)°;②术中53例选择Akagi线、13例选择ROM技术进行旋转定位;③统计学分析结果提示,Δ机械胫骨近端内侧角、Δ解剖胫骨近端内侧角显著正向影响α角(P < 0.01),回归方程分别为α=0.658+0.432×Δ机械胫骨近端内侧角;α=0.013+0.346×Δ解剖胫骨近端内侧角;④结果提示内翻膝全膝关节置换术中使用Akagi线和ROM技术进行旋转定位是存在一定差异的,且此差异(α)与胫骨近端内翻畸形程度大小呈正相关。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4718-3057 (黄晖达)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 全膝关节置换, 内翻畸形, 胫骨假体, 旋转定位, Akagi线, ROM技术

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The Akagi line and range-of-motion (ROM) technique are widely used for locating the tibial prosthesis during total knee arthroplasty; however, there is still a lack of relevant research on the size and source of the difference between the two positioning methods.  
OBJECTIVE: To compare the differences of Akagi line and ROM technique in varus knee during total knee arthroplasty, and to discuss the causes of this difference.
METHODS:  Totally 70 patients with varus knee who underwent total knee arthroplasty in the Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from July to December 2021 were enrolled in this study. All operations were performed with the posterior cruciate-stabilizing total knee prostheses. The femorotibial angle, lateral distal femoral angle, medial proximal tibial angle, and joint line convergence angle were measured before operation. Its difference from normal was calculated. The angle α between Akagi line and ROM technique was measured during operation. The angles that measured preoperatively and α were statistically tested by using correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Before operation, Δ mechanical femoral-tibial angle was (10.90±4.82)°; Δ anatomic tibiofemoral angle was (10.81±4.34)°; Δ mechanical lateral distal femoral angle was (-3.26±2.68)°; Δ anatomic lateral distal femoral angle was (-3.00±2.30)°; Δ mechanical medial proximal tibial angle was (2.39±3.05)°; Δ anatomic medial proximal tibial angle was (2.98±3.31)°; Δ joint line convergence angle was (4.71±2.52)°; the α that measured during operation was (2.39±2.50)°. (2) Totally 53 cases selected Akagi line and 13 cases selected ROM technique for locating the tibial prosthesis finally. (3) Statistical analysis results showed that Δ mechanical medial proximal tibial angle and Δ anatomic medial proximal tibial angle had a significant positive effect on α (P < 0.01), and the regression equations were α=0.658±0.432×Δ mechanical medial proximal tibial angle and α=0.013±0.346×Δ anatomic medial proximal tibial angle respectively. (4) The results suggest that there is a difference between Akagi line and ROM technique when locating the tibial prosthesis for patients with varus knee undergoing total knee arthroplasty, and this difference (α) is positively correlated with the degree of proximal tibial varus deformity.

Key words: total knee arthroplasty, varus deformity, tibial prosthesis, rotational localization, Akagi line, ROM technique

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