中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (13): 2051-2057.doi: 10.12307/2023.280

• 人工假体 artificial prosthesis • 上一篇    下一篇

3D打印技术与计算机辅助设计应用在全膝关节置换治疗重度膝关节骨关节炎中的可行性

吴  迪1,司丽娜2,武丽珠3,王建华1,罗金伟1,常乾坤1,吕永明1,杜元良1   

  1. 1承德医学院附属医院,河北省承德市   067000;2承德医学院,河北省承德市   067000;3承德市中心医院,河北省承德市   067000
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-20 接受日期:2022-04-24 出版日期:2023-05-08 发布日期:2022-08-12
  • 通讯作者: 杜元良,硕士,副主任医师,承德医学院附属医院,河北省承德市 067000
  • 作者简介:吴迪,男,1984年生,河北省承德市人,满族,硕士,主治医师,主要从事关节置换及运动损伤微创治疗研究。
  • 基金资助:
    承德市科学技术研究与发展计划项目(202109A03A),项目负责人:吴迪

Feasibility of three-dimensional printing technology combined with computer-aided design in total knee arthroplasty for severe knee osteoarthritis

Wu Di1, Si Lina2, Wu Lizhu3, Wang Jianhua1, Luo Jinwei1, Chang Qiankun1, Lyu Yongming1, Du Yuanliang1   

  1. 1Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China; 2Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China; 3Chengde Central Hospital, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China
  • Received:2021-08-20 Accepted:2022-04-24 Online:2023-05-08 Published:2022-08-12
  • Contact: Du Yuanliang, Master, Associate chief physician, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China
  • About author:Wu Di, Master, Attending physician, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Chengde Science and Technology Research and Development Plan Program, No. 202109A03A (to WD)

摘要:

文题释义:
3D打印技术:以数字模型文件为根据,利用特殊材料逐层打印构造物体,具有匹配度高、生物相容性好等特征,相比于以模具为蓝本的加工塑形更具针对性、个性化,可为关节疾病患者提供精准化、个体化治疗。近年随着人们生活水平好转,针对关节疾病修复质量需求逐渐增加,3D打印技术市场需求逐渐增多,应用前景广阔。
人工膝关节:膝关节由股骨、小腿骨的胫骨、髌骨组成,一旦膝关节严重磨损退变,便会引起关节疼痛、功能障碍等,需行关节置换术,利于重建关节功能。人工膝关节置换是目前治疗膝关节骨关节炎的理想术式,其效果显著,已得到临床学者及患者高度认可,临床应用广泛。

背景:3D打印技术、计算机辅助设计技术辅助全膝关节置换均有研究报道,两者联合辅助全膝关节置换治疗膝关节骨关节炎能否取得更好效果尚不得知。
目的:探讨3D打印技术联合计算机辅助设计技术在全膝关节置换治疗重度膝关节骨关节炎中的应用价值。
方法:前瞻性选择2018年10月至2020年10月承德医学院附属医院收治的93例重度膝关节骨关节炎患者,采用随机数字表法随机分为对照组(n=46)和观察组(n=47),分别行传统的人工全膝关节置换手术、3D打印+计算机辅助设计技术引导下的人工全膝关节置换手术。统计两组患者疼痛程度、应激相关指标、膝关节功能恢复及并发症发生情况。
结果与结论:①观察组术后7,14 d的疼痛目测类比评分低于对照组(P < 0.05),术后1 d的D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原降解产物水平低于对照组(P < 0.05),血红蛋白水平高于对照组(P < 0.05);②两组间术后6个月的美国特种外科医院膝关节评分比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05),观察组术后6个月的膝关节活动范围大于对照组(P < 0.05)、下肢力线角度小于对照组(P < 0.05);③术后6个月,观察组出现内侧胫骨平台骨质缺失1例(并发症总发生率2%),对照组出现内侧胫骨平台骨质缺失1例、假体松动1例、切口感染2例(并发症总发生率9%),两组间并发症发生率比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);④结果表明,与传统全膝关节置换相比,3D打印联合CAD技术引导下的人工全膝关节置换治疗重度膝关节骨关节炎,可缓解疼痛、改善膝关节功能、减轻应激反应。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1795-4041 (吴迪) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 膝关节骨关节炎, 3D打印技术, 计算机辅助设计, 全膝关节置换, D-二聚体, 纤维蛋白原降解产物, 膝关节功能

Abstract: BACKGROUND: There are research reports on 3D printing technology and computer-aided design technology assisted total knee arthroplasty. It is not known whether their combination assisted total knee arthroplasty for treatment of knee osteoarthritis can achieve better results.  
OBJECTIVE: To explore the application value of 3D printing technology combined with computer-aided design technology in total knee arthroplasty for severe knee osteoarthritis.
METHODS: Totally 93 patients with severe knee osteoarthritis were prospectively selected in Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College from October 2018 to October 2020. They were randomly divided into a control group (n=46) and an observation group (n=47), and underwent traditional artificial total knee arthroplasty and 3D printing technology + computer-aided design technology under the guidance of total knee arthroplasty. Pain degree, stress-related indicators, knee recovery rate, and complications were collected in both groups.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The pain visual analogue scale score of the observation group at 7 and 14 days after operation was lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05); the levels of D-dimer and fibrinogen degradation products at 1 day after operation were lower in the observation group than those of the control group (P < 0.05); the level of hemoglobin was higher in the observation group than that of the control group (P < 0.05). (2) There was no significant difference between the two groups in hospital for special surgery knee score 6 months after operation (P > 0.05). The range of motion of the knee joint in the observation group was larger than that in the control group (P < 0.05); the angle of the lower limb force line was smaller in the observation group than that in the control group (P < 0.05). (3) At 6 months after operation, 1 case affected medial tibial plateau bone loss (total incidence of complications 2%) in the observation group. There were medial tibial plateau bone loss in 1 case, prosthesis loosening in 1 case, and incision infection in 2 cases (total incidence of complications 9%) in the control group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups (P > 0.05). (4) It is indicated that compared with traditional total knee arthroplasty, 3D printing technology combined with computer-aided design technology in total knee arthroplasty for severe knee osteoarthritis can relieve pain, improve knee function, and reduce stress response.

Key words: knee osteoarthritis, 3D printing technology, computer-aided design, total knee arthroplasty, D-dimer, fibrinogen degradation product, knee function

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