中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (1): 152-159.doi: 10.12307/2022.965

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

间充质干细胞预处理策略在严重烧伤治疗中的潜力

娄涵潇,刘文军,刘  军,王  欣,张高飞,王  迪,李佳美   

  1. 昆明医科大学第二附属医院烧伤科,云南省昆明市   650188
  • 收稿日期:2021-11-24 接受日期:2022-01-29 出版日期:2023-01-08 发布日期:2022-06-14
  • 通讯作者: 刘文军,博士,副教授,昆明医科大学第二附属医院烧伤科,云南省昆明市 650188
  • 作者简介:娄涵潇,女,1993年生,河南省郑州市人,汉族,2022年昆明医科大学毕业,硕士,主要从事烧伤整形、创面修复研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(82060349),项目负责人:刘文军;昆医联合专项[2018FE001(-242)],项目负责人:刘文军

Potential of mesenchymal stem cell preconditioning strategies in the treatment of severe burn injury

Lou Hanxiao, Liu Wenjun, Liu Jun, Wang Xin, Zhang Gaofei, Wang Di, Li Jiamei   

  1. Department of Burns, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650188, Yunnan Province, China
  • Received:2021-11-24 Accepted:2022-01-29 Online:2023-01-08 Published:2022-06-14
  • Contact: Liu Wenjun, MD, Associate professor, Department of Burns, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650188, Yunnan Province, China
  • About author:Lou Hanxiao, Master, Department of Burns, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650188, Yunnan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 82060349 (to LWJ); Kunming Medical Joint Special Project, No. 2018FE001(-242) (to LWJ)

摘要:

文题释义:
预处理策略:是指在移植前对干细胞进行优化,通过基因修饰(插入目的基因)、化学方法(药物、炎症因子、细胞因子等)、物理方法(缺氧或低氧、氧化应激)等增加其压力耐受性,改善干细胞对特定环境的反应能力。
严重烧伤:是指总烧伤面积达总体表面积的30%以上或Ⅲ度烧伤面积大于10%,或Ⅱ度、Ⅲ度烧伤面积不足上述百分数,但患者已并发休克、吸入性损伤或合并较重的复合伤的重度烧伤和特重度烧伤,严重烧伤后动态发展过程主要是由复杂、相互关联的病理生理机制造成的。严重烧伤患者会进入持续过度炎症反应、免疫紊乱、高代谢和负氮平衡阶段,这些可能导致创面延迟愈合,创面感染易感性增加,进一步导致脓毒血症,甚至死亡。

背景:间充质干细胞是再生医学中的理想候选者,目前其临床应用受限于由移植微环境改变导致的细胞存活率降低和旁分泌能力差。预处理策略被认为可以最大限度地提高间充质干细胞在移植微环境的存活率和生物学作用,为严重烧伤的治疗提供新思路和潜力。
目的:对间充质干细胞预处理策略在严重烧伤治疗中的潜力进行综述。
方法:以“间充质干细胞,严重烧伤,间充质干细胞预处理,烧伤病理生理学,严重烧伤”和“mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs,preconditioning,pretreatment,burn injury,severe burn injury,burn pathophysiology”为检索词,在中国知网数据库和PubMed数据库检索自2000年1月至2022年1月收录的论著和综述,并将其进行筛选和分析,排除研究内容不符、陈旧、重复性文献,以及可信度低、逻辑严谨性差的文献,最终选择81篇文献进行综述。
结果与结论:①严重烧伤后传统救治方法为液体复苏、气道管理、感染防控、脏器支持、早期焦痂切开减压及切削痂自体和异体皮移植,临床治疗依然面临很大的挑战;②间充质干细胞因其低免疫原性、易获取、组织修复能力强等优点成为治疗的热点;③间充质干细胞一旦被应用于烧伤创面,就会面临缺血缺氧、活性氧产生增加引起的氧化应激环境,导致细胞存活率和生物学活性降低;④细胞因子预处理、低氧预处理、基因修饰和药物预处理等策略可以在严重烧伤病理进展的不同阶段发挥治疗创面感染、减轻过度炎症、缓解高代谢状态、调节免疫系统、促进创面愈合、抑制增生性瘢痕的治疗潜力;⑤由于严重烧伤患者少,没有足够的临床数据支持,限制了预处理策略在严重烧伤临床治疗中的应用;⑥需要通过大量的临床前研究和临床病例确定预处理策略在严重烧伤治疗中的有效性和安全性。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1611-7169 (娄涵潇)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 干细胞, 间充质干细胞, 旁分泌, 严重烧伤, 烧伤病理生理学

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cells are ideal candidates in regenerative medicine, and their clinical application is currently limited by reduced cell viability and poor paracrine capacity caused by changes in the transplanted microenvironment. The preconditioning strategy is believed to maximize the survival rate and biological role of mesenchymal stem cells in the transplanted microenvironment, providing new ideas and potential for the treatment of severe burn injuries. 
OBJECTIVE: To review the potential of mesenchymal stem cell preconditioning strategies in the treatment of severe burn injuries.
METHODS: With “mesenchymal stem cells, MSCs, preconditioning, pretreatment, burn injury, severe burn injury, burn pathophysiology” as the search terms in Chinese and English, the original articles and reviews collected from January 2000 to January 2022 in CNKI database and PubMed database were searched, and screened and analyzed. Finally, 81 articles were selected for review after excluding researches that were not related to this publication, inconsistent, outdated and repetitive, and those with low credibility and poor logical rigor. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The traditional treatment methods after severe burn injury are fluid resuscitation, airway management, infection prevention and control, organ support, early eschar decompression and eschar autograft and allograft transplantation. Clinical treatment still faces great challenges. (2) Mesenchymal stem cells have become a hot spot for treatment because of their low immunogenicity, easy access, and strong tissue repair ability. (3) Once mesenchymal stem cells are applied to burn wounds, they will face the oxidative stress environment caused by ischemia/hypoxia and increased production of reactive oxygen species, resulting in decreased cell survival rate and biological activity. (4) Strategies such as cytokine preconditioning, hypoxia preconditioning, gene modification and drug preconditioning can play a role in treating wound infection, reducing excessive inflammation, relieving hypermetabolic state, regulating immune system, promoting wound healing, and inhibiting therapeutic potential of hypertrophic scars. (5) The application of pretreatment strategies in the clinical treatment of severe burn injuries is limited due to the small number of patients with severe burns and insufficient clinical data to support them. (6) The efficacy and safety of preconditioning strategies in the treatment of severe burn injuries need to be determined through a large number of preclinical studies and clinical cases.

Key words: stem cell, mesenchymal stem cell, paracrine, severe burn injury, burn pathophysiology

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