中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (35): 5676-5684.doi: 10.12307/2022.915

• 肌肉肌腱韧带组织构建 tissue construction of the muscle, tendon and ligament • 上一篇    下一篇

手部肌腱损伤与修复:737例流行病学因素分析

陈东生,贾麒钰,阿卜杜萨拉木·阿力木江,郭  建,冯东伟,吴  桐,马  创   

  1. 新疆医科大学第一附属医院骨科中心显微修复外科,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市  830054
  • 收稿日期:2021-11-24 接受日期:2022-01-05 出版日期:2022-12-18 发布日期:2022-05-17
  • 通讯作者: 马创,博士,主任医师,硕士生导师,新疆医科大学第一附属医院骨科中心显微修复外科,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市 830054
  • 作者简介:陈东生,男,1992年生,甘肃省定西市人,汉族,新疆医科大学第一附属医院骨科中心显微修复外科在读硕士,主要从事手外科研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(81760397),项目负责人:马创

Tendon injury and repair of the hand: analysis of epidemiological factors in 737 cases

Chen Dongsheng, Jia Qiyu, Abudusalamu·Alimujiang, Guo Jian, Feng Dongwei, Wu Tong, Ma Chuang   

  1. Department of Microscope Repairing, Orthopedic Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • Received:2021-11-24 Accepted:2022-01-05 Online:2022-12-18 Published:2022-05-17
  • Contact: Ma Chuang, MD, Chief physician, Master’s supervisor, Department of Microscope Repairing, Orthopedic Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Chen Dongsheng, Master candidate, Department of Microscope Repairing, Orthopedic Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81760397 (to MC)

摘要:

文题释义:
手部肌腱损伤:有明确的切割伤、刀割伤、挫裂伤、碰伤、砸伤等外伤史,导致受损的肌腱所支配的肌腱分区发生屈伸指功能障碍,同时伴或不伴手部的其他损伤,如神经损伤、血管损伤、骨折等。
肌腱粘连:在发生肌腱损伤的同时有半数以上的都伴有不同程度的神经血管损伤,由于损伤肌腱细胞的血供及营养组织,致使肌腱细胞自身增殖减慢,从而导致肌腱周围纤维细胞向内增殖形成肉芽组织,肌腱外膜中的成纤维细胞嵌入其肉芽组织表面,极易与周围组织发生瘢痕性粘连,影响患者的屈伸指功能。目前术后早期进行保护性的功能锻炼,可有效降低肌腱粘连的发生。

背景:目前国内外针对手部肌腱损伤所开展的流行病学调查鲜有报道。在新疆范围内,屈伸指肌腱损伤的患者呈逐年上升趋势,但对其受伤、治疗乃至预后较完整的流行病学调查极为罕见。
目的:分析手部肌腱损伤患者的流行趋势及预后分布特征,了解手部肌腱损伤患者的预后功能恢复,有针对性地开展人群干预,提高干预效果,探讨屈伸指肌腱损伤因素与预后的相关性。
方法:通过统一编制新疆手部肌腱损伤的流行病调查表,收集新疆医科大学第一附属医院2012年1月至2019年12月手部肌腱损伤患者的临床资料,采集患者的个人信息、损伤原因、受伤时间、受伤季节、损伤肌腱类型、损伤屈伸指肌腱分区、损伤手别、受伤合并症、治疗后手指总主动活动度优良率、术后并发症等信息,回顾性分析上述资料,并分析各资料间的相关性,进行手部肌腱损伤的流行病学特征描述。
结果与结论:①患者性别、年龄分布差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05),21-30岁的患者最多,男性患者多于女性(5.30∶1);②损伤原因分布差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05),玻璃割伤最高,占24.4%;③损伤例数随年份增加而增加(P < 0.01),损伤时间的季节分布差异有显著性意义(P < 0.01),夏季损伤例数最多(35.7%);④屈伸指肌腱与手别分布差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05),右手多于左手(1.05∶1);⑤屈伸指肌腱与合并症分布差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05),屈肌腱损伤容易造成神经及血管的损伤,伸肌腱损伤容易发生手部的骨折;⑥手部肌腱损伤患者术后肌腱粘连率为8.8%,功能锻炼后肌腱粘连、关节僵硬率显著低于未功能锻炼的患者(P < 0.05),功能锻炼的患者术后手指总主动活动度优良率显著高于未功能锻炼的患者(P < 0.01);⑦调查结果提示,手部肌腱损伤的住院患者在性别、年龄、损伤原因、受伤时间、损伤肌腱分区、屈伸指肌腱类型、合并症及治疗后肌腱粘连率、关节僵硬率、手指总主动活动度优良率等方面存在一定的分布规律,有待进一步开展手部肌腱损伤及治疗后肌腱粘连的防治策略研究。
缩略语:手指总主动活动度:total active motion,TAM

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1901-4456 (陈东生)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

关键词: 手部, 肌腱损伤, 肌腱粘连, 关节僵硬, 屈指, 伸指, 生活质量

Abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a lack of epidemiological investigations on tendon injuries of the hand at both a domestic and international level. The population of flexor and extensor tendon injuries from Xinjiang has been on the rise in recent years. However, a more complete epidemiological investigation of their injury, treatment, and even prognosis has not been reported.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence trends and prognostic distribution characteristics of patients with hand tendon injuries, to investigate the prognostic functional recovery of patients with hand tendon injuries, to provide targeted population interventions and improve the intervention effects, and to explore the correlation between flexor and extensor tendon injury factors and prognosis.
METHODS: Clinical data of patients with hand tendon injuries in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2012 to December 2019 were collected by uniformly compiling an epidemiological questionnaire on hand tendon injuries in Xinjiang. The patients’ personal information, cause of injury, time of injury, season of injury, type of injured tendon, injury tendon zones, injured hand, injury comorbidity, excellent rate of total active motion of the fingers after treatment, and postoperative complications were collected. A retrospective analysis of the above information and their correlations was performed and epidemiological characterization of tendon injuries of the hand was performed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) There were significant differences in the distribution of patients by sex and age (P < 0.05), with the most patients aged 21-30 years old and more male patients than female patients (5.30:1). (2) There were significant differences in the distribution of causes of injury (P < 0.05), with glass cuts being the highest, accounting for 24.4%. (3) The number of injury cases increased yearly (P < 0.01), and there was a significant difference in the seasonal distribution of injury time (P < 0.01), with the most injury cases in summer (35.7%). (4) There was a significant difference in the distribution of flexor and extensor tendons and hands (P < 0.05), with more right-handed than left-handed (1.05:1). (5) There was a significant difference in the distribution of flexor and extensor tendons and comorbidities (P < 0.05), flexor tendon injury was prone to nerve and vascular injury, and extensor tendon injury was prone to fracture of the hand. (6) The postoperative tendon adhesion rate in patients with hand tendon injury was 8.8%, and the rates of tendon adhesion and joint stiffness after functional exercise were significantly lower than those in patients without functional exercise (P < 0.05). The postoperative excellent rate of total active motion was significantly higher in patients with functional exercise than those without functional exercise (P < 0.01). (7) All these findings suggest that there is a certain distribution pattern of inpatients with hand tendon injuries in terms of sex, age, cause of injury, time of injury, injury tendon zones, flexor and extensor tendon types, comorbidity and post-treatment tendon adhesion rate, joint stiffness rate, and total active motion excellent rate. Further research will be conducted on the prevention and treatment strategies of tendon injuries and post-treatment tendon adhesions in the hand.

Key words: hand, tendon injury, tendon adhesion, joint stiffness, flexor, extensor, quality of life

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