中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (31): 4928-4934.doi: 10.12307/2022.953

• 脐带脐血干细胞 umbilical cord blood stem cells • 上一篇    下一篇

脐带间充质干细胞来源外泌体对脑出血模型小鼠海马神经元的保护作用

王  雪1,2,刘  阳1,2,徐剑峰2,龙乾发3,王  童2,钟  俊2   

  1. 1西南医科大学附属医院神经外科,四川省泸州市   646000;2绵阳市第三人民医院(四川省精神卫生中心)神经外科,四川省绵阳市   621000;3西安市中心医院神经外科,陕西省西安市   710003
  • 收稿日期:2021-11-26 接受日期:2022-01-21 出版日期:2022-11-08 发布日期:2022-04-24
  • 通讯作者: 刘阳,博士,主任医师,绵阳市第三人民医院(四川省精神卫生中心)神经外科,四川省绵阳市 621000
  • 作者简介:王雪,女,1994 年生,四川省绵竹市人,汉族,西南医科大学在读硕士,主要从事脑出血、间充质干细胞、神经重症研究。
  • 基金资助:
    四川省医学会支持项目(S20013),项目负责人:刘阳;绵阳市卫生和健康委员会支持项目(201901),项目负责人:刘阳;绵阳市卫生健康委员会鼓励科研课题项目(202141),项目负责人:刘阳

Neuroprotective effect of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes on hippocampal neurons in mice with intracerebral hemorrhage

Wang Xue1, 2, Liu Yang1, 2, Xu Jianfeng2, Long Qianfa3, Wang Tong2, Zhong Jun2   

  1. 1Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China; 2Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Hospital of Mianyang (Sichuan Mental Health Center), Mianyang 621000, Sichuan Province, China; 3Department of Neurosurgery, Xi’an Central Hospital, Xi’an 710003, Shaanxi Province, China
  • Received:2021-11-26 Accepted:2022-01-21 Online:2022-11-08 Published:2022-04-24
  • Contact: Liu Yang, MD, Chief physician, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Hospital of Mianyang (Sichuan Mental Health Center), Mianyang 621000, Sichuan Province, China
  • About author:Wang Xue, Master candidate, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Hospital of Mianyang (Sichuan Mental Health Center), Mianyang 621000, Sichuan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Sichuan Medical Association Support Project, No. S20013 (to LY); Mianyang Municipal Health Commission Support Project, No. 201901 (to LY); Mianyang Municipal Health Commission Encourages Project, No. 202141 (to LY)

摘要:

文题释义:
外泌体:是指包含了复杂RNA和蛋白质的小膜泡(30-150 nm),特指直径在40-200 nm的盘状囊泡,其主要来源于细胞内溶酶体微粒内陷形成的多囊泡体,经多囊泡体外膜与细胞膜融合后释放到胞外基质中。外泌体的功能取决于其所来源的细胞类型,其可参与到机体的免疫应答、抗原提呈、细胞迁移、细胞分化、肿瘤侵袭等方面。
血红素加氧酶1:是脑出血后血红素分解的限速酶,在正常生理条件下,脑组织中血红素加氧酶1表达非常低或根本不表达,但在脑出血和其他脑损伤后迅速增加。血红素在血红素加氧酶1催化作用下分解产生铁、一氧化碳和胆绿素,后两种被认为参与介导血红素加氧酶1的抗炎和抗氧化作用,故血红素加氧酶1可能在脑出血后的早期阶段(1-3 d)作为抗氧化剂发挥保护作用,而在后期(4-7 d)可能是作为一种促氧化剂,其过表达可能通过产生过量的铁而引发脂质过氧化,加重继发性脑损伤。

背景:研究证明间充质干细胞来源外泌体可抑制神经炎症和脑出血损伤,目前关于间充质干细胞来源外泌体通过血红素加氧酶1介导对脑出血后海马神经元保护作用机制的研究较少。
目的:探讨脐带间充质干细胞来源外泌体对脑出血后海马神经元的保护作用及其机制。
方法:①自体血注射建立小鼠脑出血模型,在脑出血后8 h尾静脉注射脐带间充质干细胞来源外泌体,在脑出血后24 h,4 d及30 d采用蛋白免疫印迹法检测血红素加氧酶1、高迁移率组蛋白B1和Toll样受体4的表达;②体外应用氯高铁血红素建立小鼠海马神经元细胞(HT22细胞)脑出血模型,在造模前给予脐带间充质干细胞来源外泌体预处理12 h,然后给予氯高铁血红素刺激HT22细胞6 h,蛋白免疫印迹法检测血红素加氧酶1的表达;③慢病毒转染HT22细胞使血红素加氧酶1低表达,然后同样给予脐带间充质干细胞来源外泌体预处理12 h,氯高铁血红素刺激6 h,蛋白免疫印迹法检测血红素加氧酶1的表达。
结果与结论:①在脑出血后24 h,4 d及30 d时,损伤侧海马组织中血红素加氧酶1表达量显著升高(均P < 0.05),与假手术组比较,脑出血组小鼠在脑出血后第4天血红素加氧酶1、高迁移率组蛋白B1和Toll样受体4蛋白表达显著升高(均P < 0.05),与脑出血组相比,脑出血+外泌体组血红素加氧酶1、高迁移率组蛋白B1和Toll样受体4蛋白表达显著降低(均P < 0.05);②体外脑出血模型中,与对照组比较,氯高铁血红素+PBS组HT22细胞中血红素加氧酶1蛋白表达显著升高,与氯高铁血红素+PBS组比较,氯高铁血红素+外泌体组HT22细胞中血红素加氧酶1蛋白表达明显降低(均P < 0.05);③慢病毒转染HT22细胞敲低血红素加氧酶1表达后,敲低血红素加氧酶1+氯高铁血红素+PBS组与敲低血红素加氧酶1+氯高铁血红素+外泌体组的血红素加氧酶1蛋白表达无显著差异;④结果表明,脐带间充质干细胞来源外泌体对脑出血后海马神经元损伤具有保护作用,其机制可能是与血红素加氧酶1调节高迁移率组蛋白B1及Toll样受体4相关炎性通路有关。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6298-5277 (王雪) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 间充质干细胞, 外泌体, 脑出血, 海马, 血红素加氧酶1, 炎性通路

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells can inhibit neuroinflammation and some damage after intracerebral hemorrhage. There are few studies on the mechanism of neuroprotective effect of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells on hippocampal neurons after intracerebral hemorrhage through heme oxygenase-1.  
OBJECTIVE: To explore the protection and mechanism of exosomes derived from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on hippocampal neurons after intracerebral hemorrhage. 
METHODS: (1) A mouse model of intracerebral hemorrhage was established using autologous blood infusion, and then exosomes derived from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were injected into the tail vein at 8 hours after intracerebral hemorrhage. Western blot assay was used to verify the expression of heme oxygenase 1, high mobility group box B1 and Toll-like receptor 4 at 24 hours, 4 and 30 days after intracerebral hemorrhage. (2) In vitro, the mouse hippocampal neuron cell (HT22 cell) intracerebral hemorrhage model was established by hemin stimulation, and cells were pretreated with exosomes derived from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells for 12 hours before modeling, and then the HT22 cells were stimulated by hemin for 6 hours. Heme oxygenase 1 expression was detected by western blot assay. (3) HT22 cells were transfected with lentivirus to reduce the expression of heme oxygenase 1, and then pretreated with exosomes derived from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells for 12 hours, stimulated with hemin for 6 hours. The expression of heme oxygenase 1 was detected by western blot assay. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) At 24 hours, 4 and 30 days after intracerebral hemorrhage, the expression of heme oxygenase 1 in the hippocampus on the injured side was significantly increased (all P < 0.05). Compared with the sham-operated group, the protein expression levels of heme oxygenase 1, high mobility group box B1 and Toll-like receptor 4 were significantly increased in the mice of the cerebral hemorrhage group on day 4 after cerebral hemorrhage (all P < 0.05). Compared with the intracerebral hemorrhage group, the protein expression levels of heme oxygenase 1, high mobility group box B1 and Toll-like receptor 4 in the intracerebral hemorrhage + exosome group were significantly decreased (all P < 0.05). (2) In the in vitro cerebral hemorrhage model, compared with the control group, the expression of heme oxygenase 1 protein in HT22 cells was significantly increased in the hemin+PBS group. Compared with the hemin+PBS group, the heme oxygenase 1 protein expression was significantly decreased in HT22 cells in the hemin+exosome group (all P < 0.05). (3) After lentiviral transfection of HT22 cells to knock down the expression of heme oxygenase 1, there was no significant difference in the protein expression of heme oxygenase 1 between the knockdown heme oxygenase 1+hemin+PBS group and the knockdown heme oxygenase 1+hemin+exosome group. (4) The results showed that exosomes derived from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells had a neuroprotective effect on injured hippocampal neurons after intracerebral hemorrhage. The mechanism may be related to the regulation of high mobility group box B1 and Toll-like receptor 4-related inflammatory pathways through heme oxygenase 1. 

Key words: mesenchymal stem cells, exosomes, intracerebral hemorrhage, hippocampus, heme oxygenase 1, inflammatory pathways

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