中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (30): 4896-4903.doi: 10.12307/2022.772

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

间充质干细胞不同移植途径修复慢性创面的机制

陈  贝1,张  莉2,刘  毅3,桑  鹏3,金  瑛3,林苗远1,肖乐尧1,熊华章3   

  1. 1遵义医科大学附属医院,贵州省遵义市   563000;遵义医科大学附属医院,2纪检监察室,3关节外科,贵州省遵义市   563000
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-30 接受日期:2021-10-11 出版日期:2022-10-28 发布日期:2022-04-04
  • 通讯作者: 张莉,教授,硕士生导师,遵义医科大学附属医院纪检监察室,贵州省遵义市 563000 刘毅,教授,硕士生导师,遵义医科大学附属医院关节外科,贵州省遵义市 563000
  • 作者简介:陈贝,女,1997年生,山东省临沂市人,汉族,遵义医科大学在读硕士,主要从事骨组织工程研究。
  • 基金资助:
    遵义市科技支撑计划项目[遵市科合HZ字(2020)218号],项目负责人:桑鹏;贵州省科技计划项目[黔科合支撑[2021]一般434],项目负责人:熊华章

Mechanism and different transplantation approaches of mesenchymal stem cells in repairing chronic wounds

Chen Bei1, Zhang Li2, Liu Yi3, Sang Peng3, Jin Ying3, Lin Miaoyuan1, Xiao Leyao1, Xiong Huazhang3   

  1. 1Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China; 2Discipline Inspection and Supervision Office, 3Department of Joint Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
  • Received:2021-08-30 Accepted:2021-10-11 Online:2022-10-28 Published:2022-04-04
  • Contact: Zhang Li, Professor, Master’s supervisor, Discipline Inspection and Supervision Office, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China Liu Yi, Professor, Master’s supervisor, Department of Joint Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
  • About author:Chen Bei, Master candidate, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the Science and Technology Support Project of Zunyi City, No. (2020)218 (to SP); the Science and Technology Program of Guizhou Province, No. [2021] General 434 (to XHZ)

摘要:

文题释义:
间充质干细胞:是一类具有高度自我更新、多向分化潜能和低免疫原性的多能成体干细胞,广泛存在于骨髓、脂肪、胎盘、脐带、脐血、羊膜和牙髓等多种组织;具有向不同胚层(外胚层、中胚层和内胚层)分化的能力,可塑性强。
慢性创面:通常指皮肤组织损伤长达6周以上且未能正常愈合的创面,以肉芽增生、创面瘢痕收缩为特征。按发病原因分为血管性溃疡(静脉或动脉溃疡)、糖尿病溃疡和压力性溃疡。

背景:间充质干细胞移植在慢性伤口治疗领域中已被证明是一项有前景的新疗法。在增强其应用疗效方面,关于间充质干细胞不同输送途径及优劣比较的研究鲜见报道,优化输送途径对于提高间充质干细胞在创面修复中的应用效果尤为重要。
目的:探讨间充质干细胞促进创面修复的相关机制,并就不同移植方式在慢性创面修复中的应用效果展开综述。
方法:由第一作者检索中国知网、万方及PubMed数据库中收录的相关文献,中文检索词为“间充质干细胞、机制、移植、途径、慢性创面、伤口、再生、组织工程、皮肤、溃疡”,英文检索词为“stem cell/stromal cells/progenitor cell/mesenchymal stem cells,mechanism/therapeutic application,transplantation route/delivery/engraftment/injection/infusion/drug administration routes,wound healing/chronic wound/regeneration/tissue engineering/tissue repair/skin ulcer”。文献检索时间限定在2000年1月至2021年7月,通过阅读文章摘要对文献进行初步筛选,排除与文章主题不相关的文献,纳入的文献数为85篇。
结果与结论:①旁分泌功能是间充质干细胞发挥创面修复作用的主要机制,间充质干细胞通过分泌可溶性因子和释放胞外囊泡促进血管生成,减轻局部炎症反应,调节细胞外基质重塑,重建利于组织修复的再生微环境。②综合来看,生物材料支架是目前间充质干细胞给药途径中最有前景的移植方式之一,与传统全身给药(动脉、静脉给药)和传统局部给药(如皮下、肌内注射)相比,优良的可塑性、生物活性、生物降解性和生物相容性是其占据优势的4个关键特性,以生物材料支架为代表的新型给药方式一定程度上克服了传统给药途径的安全性差、效率低等诸多问题,提高了间充质干细胞在慢性伤口中的应用效果,有待进一步开发其优势。③间充质干细胞移植途径的选择一定程度上取决于其治疗目的及应用何种作用机制。④关于间充质干细胞的作用机制与给药途径的关系,以间充质干细胞向受损组织归巢为例,当移植方式为局部给药(如肌内注射),除了受损组织内间充质干细胞的基本间质迁移外,间充质干细胞则不需要必须向受损组织归巢和迁移;假如间充质干细胞的输送是全身性的(如如动脉和静脉途径注射),间充质干细胞的归巢机制是达到其修复目标所必需的。因此,为提高应用质量,应将给药途径与间充质干细胞参与创面修复的相关机制综合考虑。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8145-2417 (陈贝) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 间充质干细胞, 慢性创面, 皮肤, 机制, 输注途径, 移植, 组织工程, 再生医学

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation has proven to be a promising new therapy in the treatment of chronic wounds. In terms of enhancing the efficacy, there are few reports on the different delivery routes of mesenchymal stem cells and the comparison of their advantages and disadvantages. Optimizing the delivery route is particularly important for improving the application effect of mesenchymal stem cells in wound repair. 
OBJECTIVE: To discuss the relevant mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells in promoting wound repair, and summarize the application effects of different transplantation methods in chronic wound repair. 
METHODS: The first author retrieved the relevant documents included in CNKI Database, Wanfang Database and PubMed database. The Chinese search terms were “mesenchymal stem cells, mechanism, transplantation, pathway, chronic wound, vulnus, regeneration, tissue engineering, skin, ulcer”. The English search terms were “stem cell/stromal cells/progenitor cell/mesenchymal stem cells, mechanism/therapeutic application, transplantation route/delivery/engraftment/injection/infusion/drug administration routes, wound healing/chronic wound/regeneration/tissue engineering/tissue repair/skin ulce”. The retrieval time of the literature was limited to January 2000-July 2021. The literature was initially screened by reading the abstract of the article, and the literature that was not related to the subject of the article was excluded, and the number of articles finally included was 85 for review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The paracrine function is the main mechanism by which mesenchymal stem cells play the role of wound repair. Mesenchymal stem cells promote angiogenesis by secreting soluble factors and releasing extracellular vesicles, reduce local inflammatory response, regulate the remodeling of extracellular matrix, and rebuild the microenvironment of tissue regeneration. (2) In summary, biomaterial scaffolds are one of the most promising transplantation methods for mesenchymal stem cells. Compared with traditional systemic administration (arterial administration and intravenous administration) and traditional local administration (such as subcutaneous and intramuscular injection), excellent plasticity, bioactivity, biodegradation and biocompatibility are the four key characteristics of their advantages. It overcomes many problems of poor safety and low efficiency of traditional drug delivery routes, which improves the application effect of mesenchymal stem cells in chronic wounds, and its advantages need to be further developed. (3) The choice of transplantation pathway depends on its therapeutic purpose and mechanism to a certain extent. (4) As for the relationship between the action mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells and the route of administration, the homing of mesenchymal stem cells to the damaged tissue was taken as an example. When the transplantation mode of mesenchymal stem cells is local administration (such as intramuscular), in addition to the basic interstitial migration of mesenchymal stem cells in the damaged tissue, the homing and migration of mesenchymal stem cells are not necessary. If the transportation of mesenchymal stem cells is holistic (such as arterial pathway and venous pathway), the homing mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells is necessary to achieve its repair goal. Therefore, to improve the application quality, the route of administration and the mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells participating in wound repair should be considered comprehensively.  

Key words: mesenchymal stem cells, chronic wounds, skin, mechanism, infusion route, transplantation, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine

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