中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (30): 4800-4805.doi: 10.12307/2022.759

• 骨髓干细胞 bone marrow stem cells • 上一篇    下一篇

褪黑素预处理的骨髓间充质干细胞外泌体促进骨髓间充质干细胞成骨

申恩谱1,黄  霸2,刘丹平1,綦  惠3,吴志文1,李贝贝1   

  1. 1锦州医科大学附属第一医院,辽宁省锦州市   121000;2中国科学院大学重庆医院,重庆市   400013;3北京市创伤骨科研究所,北京积水潭医院,北京市   100035
  • 收稿日期:2021-07-20 接受日期:2021-09-13 出版日期:2022-10-28 发布日期:2022-03-29
  • 通讯作者: 刘丹平,博士,主任医师,教授,锦州医科大学附属第一医院,辽宁省锦州市 121000 綦惠,博士,副研究员,北京市创伤骨科研究所,北京积水潭医院,北京市 100035
  • 作者简介:申恩谱,男,1994年生,锦州医科大学在读硕士,主要从事骨质疏松基础与临床研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(81572140),项目负责人:刘丹平;北京市属医学科研院所公益发展改革试点项目(第三批,京医研2019-9),项目参与人:綦惠

Exosomes derived from melatonin-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells promote osteogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

Shen Enpu1, Huang Ba2, Liu Danping1, Qi Hui3, Wu Zhiwen1, Li Beibei1    

  1. 1First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, Liaoning Province, China; 2Chongqing People’s Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400013, China; 3Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China
  • Received:2021-07-20 Accepted:2021-09-13 Online:2022-10-28 Published:2022-03-29
  • Contact: Liu Danping, MD, Chief physician, Professor, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, Liaoning Province, China Qi Hui, MD, Associate researcher, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China
  • About author:Shen Enpu, Master candidate, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, Liaoning Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81572140 (to LDP); Pilot Project for Public Welfare Development and Reform of Beijing Municipal Medical Research Institute (Third Batch), No. 2019-9 (to QH)

摘要:

文题释义:
骨质疏松:是一种以骨量减少、骨微结构改变为主要特征的全身性代谢疾病,该研究主要探索一种防治骨质疏松的潜在新方法。
外泌体:是一种直径30-150 nm的微小囊泡,该研究中SD大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞来源外泌体粒径为40-100 nm,CD9、CD63及CD81呈阳性表达。

背景:骨质疏松是一种以骨量减少、骨微结构改变为主要特征的全身性代谢疾病,现有的药物治疗效果有限且不良反应明显,而骨髓间充质干细胞来源外泌体因其非免疫原性等优势,有望成为治疗骨质疏松的新方法。
目的:探讨褪黑素预处理骨髓间充质干细胞后提取的外泌体对骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化的影响及作用机制,分析其作为无细胞方式促进成骨治疗骨质疏松的可行性。
方法:采用全骨髓贴壁法分离大鼠原代骨髓间充质干细胞并鉴定;超高速离心法提取骨髓间充质干细胞中的外泌体(NC-Exos)和褪黑素预处理骨髓间充质干细胞中的外泌体(MT-Exos)并鉴定;共聚焦显微镜下观察骨髓间充质干细胞对外泌体的摄取情况。骨髓间充质干细胞在成骨诱导培养基中培养,分别以MT-Exos和NC-Exos处理骨髓间充质干细胞,以PBS处理骨髓间充质干细胞为空白对照组。采用碱性磷酸酶活性、茜素红染色评估各组骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化效果,Western blot和RT-qPCR分别检测各组骨髓间充质干细胞中碱性磷酸酶、Runt相关转录因子2的蛋白和mRNA表达;Western blot检测骨髓间充质干细胞中Wnt1和β-catenin的蛋白表达。
结果与结论:①骨髓间充质干细胞呈典型纺锤样形态且具备三系分化能力;外泌体的直径大多数小于150 nm,且均表达外泌体特异性标记蛋白CD9、CD63和CD81,能够被骨髓间充质干细胞摄取;②成骨诱导7 d后,相较于NC-Exos处理组,MT-Exos处理组显示出更高的碱性磷酸酶活性(P < 0.01),碱性磷酸酶、Runt相关转录因子2的蛋白和mRNA表达(P < 0.05),Wnt1、β-catenin蛋白表达(P < 0.001);③成骨诱导14 d后,相较于NC-Exos处理组,MT-Exos处理组显示出更多的红色钙结节;④上述实验结果表明,MT-Exos通过激活Wnt1/β-catenin信号通路显著促进骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3751-895X (申恩谱) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 外泌体, 褪黑素, 骨髓间充质干细胞, 成骨分化, 信号通路

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis is the most prevailing bone disease, which is characterized by the decrease in bone mass and deterioration of bone microarchitecture. Current treatments, although being used clinically for a long time, still have many side effects. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes are expected to become a new method for the treatment of osteoporosis due to their non-immunogenicity and other advantages.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of exosomes derived from melatonin (MT)-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on the osteogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and to analyze its feasibility as a cell-free method to promote osteogenic treatment of osteoporosis. 
METHODS: Primary bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and characterized by whole bone marrow adherent method. Exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (NC-Exos) and MT pretreated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MT-Exos) were extracted by ultracentrifuge and  identified. The uptaking of exsomes into bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was observed under a confocal microscope. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were cultured in osteogenic induction medium. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were treated with MT-Exos and NC-Exos, separately. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were treated with PBS as a blank control group. Alkaline phosphatase activity and alizarin red S staining were employed to evaluate the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in each group. The mRNA and protein expression levels of alkaline phosphatase and Runt related transcription factor 2 were measured through RT-PCR and western blot assay, respectively. Western blot assay was utilized to detect the protein expression of Wnt1 and β-catenin in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.   
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells had a typical spindle-like morphology and had the ability to differentiate into three lines. The majority of exosomes was smaller than 150 nm in diameter and expressed CD9, CD63, and CD81. Exosomes were taken up by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. (2) At 7 days after osteoinduction, compared with the NC-Exos group, MT-Exos group presented higher alkaline phosphatase activity (P < 0.01), mRNA and protein expression of alkaline phosphatase and Runt related transcription factor 2 (P < 0.05), and Wnt1 and β-catenin protein expression (P < 0.001). (3) At 14 days after osteoinduction, compared with the NC-Exos group, MT-Exos group showed more red calcium nodules. (4) The present study has demonstrated that MT-Exos have the ability to promote osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by activating Wnt1/β-catenin signaling pathway. 

Key words: exosome, melatonin, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, osteogenesis, signaling pathway

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