中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (6): 884-889.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2392

• 脊柱植入物Spinal implants • 上一篇    下一篇

影响髂腰内固定治疗创伤性脊柱骨盆分离疗效的因素

和  利1,田  维2,徐  嵩1,赵晓宇1,苗  军2,贾  健2   

  1. 1天津宁河医院,天津市   301500;2 天津医院创伤骨科,天津市   300210
  • 收稿日期:2020-04-30 修回日期:2020-04-30 接受日期:2020-06-01 出版日期:2021-02-28 发布日期:2020-12-03
  • 通讯作者: 苗军,博士,主任医师,天津医院创伤骨科,天津市 300210 贾健,主任医师,硕士生导师,天津医院创伤骨科,天津市 300210
  • 作者简介:和利,男,1976年生,四川省人,汉族,2012年天津医科大学毕业,硕士,副主任医师,主要从事骨科方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(81472140);吴阶平医学基金项目(320.6750.10151)

Factors influencing the efficacy of lumbopelvic internal fixation in the treatment of traumatic spinopelvic dissociation

He Li1, Tian Wei2, Xu Song1, Zhao Xiaoyu1, Miao Jun2, Jia Jian2   

  1. 1Tianjin Ninghe Hospital, Tianjin 301500, China; 2Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300210, China
  • Received:2020-04-30 Revised:2020-04-30 Accepted:2020-06-01 Online:2021-02-28 Published:2020-12-03
  • Contact: Miao Jun, MD, Chief physician, Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300210, China Jia Jian, Chief physician, Master’s supervisor, Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300210, China
  • About author:He Li, Master, Associate chief physician, Tianjin Ninghe Hospital, Tianjin 301500, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81472140; the Wu Jieping Medical Fund Project, No. 320.6750.10151

摘要:

文题释义:
创伤性脊柱骨盆分离:是由创伤导致的骶骨骨折而造成腰骶部与骨盆在解剖学的上分离,常见于骶骨H型骨折和U型骨折。
髂腰内固定:钛棒将腰椎椎弓根螺钉与髂骨钉相连,中间采用横杆相连,髂腰固定模拟脊柱-骶髂关节-髋臼的应力传导。

背景:创伤性脊柱骨盆分离严重破坏腰骶部稳定性,治疗并发症多、预后差,影响因素较多。
目的:分析钉棒系统髂腰内固定治疗创伤性脊柱骨盆分离临床疗效的影响因素。
方法:回顾性分析天津宁河医院2009年9月至2018年9月收治的资料完整的创伤性脊柱骨盆分离患者16例,均行钉棒系统髂腰内固定治疗。伴神经损伤12例,其中10例行骶神经减压治疗,2例影像学未见责任骨折块,未予处理。术后疗效采用日本骨科协会评分、骨盆指数和英国医学研究会神经功能评分进行评价。将年龄、性别、手术时机、复位质量、合并伤、神经损伤程度与术后功能评分的相关性进行单因素统计分析,其中年龄与日本骨科协会评分进行线性相关分析;性别、手术时机、复位质量、合并伤、神经损伤程度与日本骨科协会评分进行卡方检验统计分析。
结果与结论:①全组患者均获得随访,随访时间17-38个月;②术后末次随访日本骨科协会评价结果:优4例,良5例,可4例,差3例;③影像学测量结果显示:屈曲型骶骨骨折骨盆指数改善率为78%,中立型和伸展型无改善;④末次随访英国医学研究会评分评估神经功能恢复情况,优5例,良4例,无变化3例,神经损伤临床恢复率为75%;⑤统计分析显示:神经损伤程度与伴有骨盆前环损伤影响手术疗效;⑥提示手术治疗创伤性脊柱骨盆分离的疗效受多种因素影响。在处理合并损伤的基础上,早期行髂腰内固定治疗维持脊柱骨盆和骨盆环稳定性,对伴有神经损伤者进行确切减压,是取得满意疗效的关键。

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6689-4316 (苗军) 
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 骨, 脊柱, 骨盆, 分离, 骶骨, 骨折, 内固定, 钢板, 影像

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Traumatic spinopelvic dissociation severely damages the stability of the lumbosacral region, with many treatment complications, poor prognosis and many influencing factors. 
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the influencing factors of clinical efficacy of lumbopelvic internal fixation with nail-rod system treatment of traumatic spinopelvic dissociation.
METHODS: Complete data of 16 patients with traumatic spinopelvic dissociation from Tianjin Ninghe Hospital between September 2009 and September 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. All patients received lumbopelvic internal fixation with nail-rod system. There were 12 cases with nerve injury, of which 10 cases were treated with sacral nerve decompression. Two cases had no responsible fracture block on imaging and were not treated. Postoperative effect of treatment was evaluated according to the evaluation criterion of Japanese Orthopaedic Association and radiographic measurements of pelvic incidence and British Medical Research Council neurological function. Univariate statistical analysis was performed in the correlation between age, gender, timing of surgery, reduction quality, comorbid injury, degree of nerve injury and postoperative functional score. Among them, linear correlation analysis was conducted between age and Japanese Orthopaedic Association score. The correlation of gender, timing of surgery, reduction quality, comorbid injury, and degree of nerve injury with Japanese Orthopaedic Association score was analyzed with the Chi-square test.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) All patients were followed up for 17-38 months. (2) Postoperative evaluation results of Japanese Orthopaedic Association score showed that 4 cases were rated excellent, 5 good, 4 fair and 3 poor. (3) Imaging measurements showed that the pelvic incidence improvement rate of flexion sacral fracture was 78%, and the neutral type and extension type did not improve. (4) British Medical Research Council results demonstrated that neurological injuries were recovered of “excellent” in 5 cases, “good” in 4 and “no changes” in 3 patients. Clinical recovery rate of neurological injury was 75%. (5) Statistical analysis showed that the degree of nerve injury and accompanying anterior pelvic ring injury affected the surgical outcome. (6) It is indicated that the efficacy of surgical treatment of traumatic spinopelvic dissociation is affected by many factors. Based on the treatment of combined injury, the traumatic spinopelvic dissociation should be treated operatively with lumboiliac fixation early to maintenance the stability of spin-pelvic and pelvic ring, and exact decompression for neurological injuries is the key to achieve a satisfactory curative effect.

Key words: bone, spine, pelvis, separation, sacrum, fracture, internal fixation, plate, imaging

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