中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (3): 380-385.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2966

• 人工假体Artificial prosthesis • 上一篇    下一篇

关节置换后假体周围感染病原菌分布及耐药情况与治疗周期的关系

马  瑞1,王家麟1,吴梦军1, 2,葛  莹1,王  伟1,王坤正1   

  1. 1西安交通大学第二附属医院骨关节外科,陕西省西安市   710004;2商南县医院骨科,陕西省商洛市   726300
  • 收稿日期:2020-02-29 修回日期:2020-03-06 接受日期:2020-04-18 出版日期:2021-01-28 发布日期:2020-11-17
  • 通讯作者: 王坤正,博士,博士生导师,主任医师,西安交通大学第二附属医院骨关节外科,陕西省西安市 710004
  • 作者简介:马瑞,男,1986年生,宁夏回族自治区青铜峡市人,汉族,2012年上海交通大学医学院毕业,博士,助理研究员,主要从事关节外科及骨科生物材料研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(81702130);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划一般项目青年(2019JQ-143)

Relationship of pathogenic bacteria distribution with drug resistance and treatment cycle for periprosthetic joint infection after total joint arthroplasty

Ma Rui1, Wang Jialin1, Wu Mengjun1, 2, Ge Ying1, Wang Wei1, Wang Kunzheng1   

  1. 1Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China; 2Department of Orthopedics, Shangnan County Hospital, Shangluo 726300, Shaanxi Province, China
  • Received:2020-02-29 Revised:2020-03-06 Accepted:2020-04-18 Online:2021-01-28 Published:2020-11-17
  • Contact: Wang Kunzheng, MD, Doctoral supervisor, Chief physician, Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
  • About author:Ma Rui, MD, Assistant Researcher, Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Youth Program), No. 81702130; the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (General Youth Program), No. 2019JQ-143

摘要:

文题释义:
假体周围感染:是人工关节置换后手术部位的深部发生的感染。由于有假体的存在,细菌易于在假体表面定植形成生物膜,使感染的清除变得异常困难。假体周围感染的诊断困难、治疗复杂,常需要多次手术和长期抗感染治疗,是关节置换术后最具挑战性的常见并发症之一。
生物膜:细菌不可逆的附着于惰性或活性实体的表面,繁殖、分化,并分泌一些多糖基质,将菌体群落包裹其中而形成的细菌聚集体膜状物称为生物膜。生物膜多细胞结构的形成是一个动态过程,包括细菌起始黏附、生物膜发展和成熟扩散等阶段。

背景:了解假体周围感染的细菌学特点,针对特定的致病菌选择抗感染药物,对控制假体周围感染至关重要。细菌培养和药敏试验结果可以为诊断和治疗提供重要的参考依据。
目的:旨在探讨假体周围感染患者的致病菌分布及耐药情况,分析细菌培养结果对治疗周期的影响。
方法:回顾性分析西安交通大学第二附属医院2015年9月至2019年9月因假体周围感染行人工关节翻修的59例患者的术前资料,统计发生感染的时间、细菌培养及药敏试验结果、抗生素应用周期、旷置时间、感染发生后至翻修前的住院总时间、血沉转阴时间和C-反应蛋白转阴时间,分析病原菌分布、耐药情况和是否检出病原菌与细菌是否耐药对抗生素应用周期、旷置时间及住院总时间的影响。
结果与结论:①59例假体周围感染患者中髋关节31例,膝关节28例,其中迟发性感染比例最高(49%);共35例培养出致病菌,细菌培养阳性率为59%;②培养出的病原菌中金黄色葡萄球菌所占比例最高(29%);③18例患者的致病菌为耐药菌,耐药率达到51%;④细菌培养阴性组较阳性组的旷置时间、血沉转阴时间和C-反应蛋白转阴时间更长(P < 0.05);⑤与有敏感抗生素组相比,耐药组的抗生素应用时间、血沉转阴时间和C-反应蛋白转阴时间更长(P < 0.05);⑥提示此次研究中假体周围感染患者的细菌培养阳性率不高,培养出的病原菌耐药率较高,培养出阳性致病菌且有敏感抗生素的患者治疗周期更短。
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3367-674X (马瑞)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 关节, 关节置换, 假体, 假体周围感染, 细菌培养, 耐药, 抗生素, C-反应蛋白

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Understanding the characteristics of bacteriology in periprosthetic joint infection and choosing specific anti-infective drugs are very important to control the periprosthetic joint infection. The results of bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility test can provide important reference for diagnosis and treatment. 
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in periprosthetic joint infection patients, and analyze the effect of bacterial culture results on the treatment period. 
METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 59 patients who underwent artificial joint revision between September 2015 and September 2019. The infection time, results of bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility test, antibiotics application duration, prosthesis-free interval, total length of hospital stay from infection to renovation, recovery time of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein were collected. The pathogenic bacteria distribution, drug resistance situation and the effect of the pathogenic bacteria and bacterial resistance on antibiotics application duration, prosthesis-free interval, and days in hospital were analyzed. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Among the 59 patients with periprosthetic joint infection, there were 31 cases of hip joint and 28 cases of knee joint. The highest proportion of periprosthetic joint infection phase was delayed infection (49%). The pathogenic bacteria were cultured from 35 cases, and the positive rate of bacterial culture was 59%. (2) Among the cultured pathogens, staphylococcus aureus accounted for the highest proportion (29%). (3) The pathogenic bacteria of 18 patients were antibiotic resistant, and the drug resistance rate reached 51%. (4) The bacterial cultured negative group had longer prosthesis-free interval and longer recovery times of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein than those of the positive group (P  < 0.05). (5) Compared with the group with sensitive antibiotics, the duration of antibiotic application and recovery times of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein were longer in the group with resistant antibiotics (P < 0.05). (6) In this study, the positive rate of bacterial culture in periprosthetic joint infection patients was not high, but the resistance rate of pathogenic bacteria was relatively high; the treatment period with positive pathogenic bacteria and sensitive antibiotics was shorter.

Key words: joint, joint arthroplasty, prosthesis, periprosthetic infection, bacterial culture, drug resistance, antibiotics, C-reactive protein

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