中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (33): 5307-5314.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2877

• 脊柱植入物 spinal implant • 上一篇    下一篇

伴和不伴类风湿性关节炎患者腰椎管狭窄后路减压融合过程中隐性失血的对比

王  晶1,徐  帅2,刘海鹰2   

  1. 北京大学人民医院,1麻醉科,2脊柱外科,北京市  100044

  • 收稿日期:2020-01-09 修回日期:2020-01-16 接受日期:2020-03-25 出版日期:2020-11-28 发布日期:2020-09-29
  • 通讯作者: 刘海鹰,博士,主任医师,北京大学人民医院脊柱外科,北京市 100044
  • 作者简介:王晶,女,1990年生,河北省高碑店市人,汉族,2015年首都医科大学毕业,硕士,医师,主要从事围术期出血方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    产品临床研究(2016YFC0105606)

Hidden blood loss during posterior lumbar interbody fusion in lumbar spinal stenosis patients with and without rheumatoid arthritis

Wang Jing1, Xu Shuai2, Liu Haiying2   

  1. 1Department of Anesthesia, 2Department of Spinal Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China

  • Received:2020-01-09 Revised:2020-01-16 Accepted:2020-03-25 Online:2020-11-28 Published:2020-09-29
  • Contact: Liu Haiying, MD, Chief physician, Department of Spinal Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
  • About author:Wang Jing, Master, Physician, Department of Anesthesia, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
  • Supported by:

    the Product Clinical Research, No. 2016YFC0105606

摘要:


文题释义:

类风湿性关节炎:是一种病因未明的慢性、以炎性滑膜炎为主的系统性疾病,其特征是手、足小关节的多关节、对称性、侵袭性关节炎症,经常伴有关节外器官受累及血清类风湿因子阳性,可以导致关节畸形及功能丧失。

腰椎管狭窄症:是指各种形式的椎管、神经管以及椎间孔的狭窄,及软组织引起的椎管容积改变及硬膜囊本身的狭窄等引起的一系列腰腿痛及一系列神经系统症状出现。因为椎管的狭小,压迫了位于椎管中的马尾神经而产生腰腿痛等症状。

背景:腰椎管狭窄症后路手术除术中出血和术后引流外,还存在大量的“隐性失血”。合并类风湿性关节炎患者可能会影响围术期出血尤其是隐性失血,此前并无报道。

目的:针对合并类风湿性关节炎的腰椎管狭窄患者与非类风湿性关节炎行腰椎后路手术时术中出血量、术后引流量以及隐性失血情况进行对比,并探讨类风湿性关节炎患者隐性失血的危险因素。

方法回顾性纳入了65例合并类风湿性关节炎的腰椎管狭窄患者(类风湿性关节炎组),筛选87例未合并类风湿性关节炎的腰椎管狭窄患者(非类风湿性关节炎组),所有患者均采取椎弓根螺钉+钛棒+椎间融合器内固定系统进行腰椎后路减压融合和后外侧融合治疗,术中行自体骨后外侧植骨。提取信息包括人口统计学信息、类风湿性关节炎信息(如类风湿性关节炎病史、Steinbrocker分级、抗类风湿性关节炎药物)、手术信息以及出血量相关指标。以术中出血量、术后引流量和隐性失血作为主要指标;以手术时间、术前术后红细胞压积和血红蛋白及其变化值、手术前后贫血数量、术后新发贫血数量、自体血和异体血输注量等作为次要指标。

结果与结论:类风湿性关节炎组腰椎管狭窄患者平均年龄为(65.97±8.02)岁,平均体质量指数为(25.76±3.68)kg/m2,非类风湿性关节炎组中患者在性别比例、年龄和手术节段数上均与之匹配;类风湿性关节炎组中患者平均病程为(16.78±12.73)年,其中单药或联合口服改变病情抗风湿药者最常见,2组在椎弓根螺钉数和椎间融合器置入数量上差异均无显著性意义,围术期并发症发生率2组差异亦无显著性意义;主要结果对比显示2组在总失血量、术中出血量和术后引流量方面差异无显著性意义,而隐性失血以及隐性失血所占总失血量比例在非类风湿性关节炎组中更低(P < 0.0010.012);根据手术节段数进行分层分析,长节段(≥3)手术中非类风湿性关节炎组中隐性失血和隐性失血所占总失血量比例均优于类风湿性关节炎组;④次要指标对比红细胞压积改变值(P=0.021)在非类风湿性关节炎组小于类风湿性关节炎组但血红蛋白减小值2组差异无显著性意义;术后2组新发贫血以及贫血加重情况相比差异无显著性意义,异体血输注和手术时间相比差异也无显著性意义;⑤对类风湿性关节炎组患者隐性失血进行多元线性回归分析显示,类风湿性关节炎的Steinbrocker级别高、未服用改变病情抗风湿药、血红蛋白变化和输注异体血为隐性失血的独立危险因素;⑥提示类风湿性关节炎组和非类风湿性关节炎组在总失血量、术中出血、术后引流和手术时间上无差异,而隐性失血以及隐性失血所占总失血量比例类风湿性关节炎组高于非类风湿性关节炎组,尤其是长节段手术;类风湿性关节炎组的Steinbrocker分级高、未服用改变病情抗风湿药、血红蛋白改变较多以及输注异体血为隐性失血的独立危险因素。

ORCID: 0000-0002-7824-8490(王晶)


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 骨, 类风湿性, 关节炎, 腰椎管狭窄, 腰椎, 减压融合术, 引流量, 隐性失血

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: In addition to intraoperative bleeding and postoperative drainage after posterior approach for lumbar spinal stenosis, there is a large amount of hidden blood loss. Patients combined with rheumatoid arthritis may affect perioperative bleeding, especially hidden blood loss, which has not been reported before.

OBJECTIVE: To compare intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage and hidden blood loss of posterior lumbar interbody fusion on lumbar spinal stenosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and non-rheumatoid arthritis and identify the risk factors of hidden blood loss in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

METHODS: Totally 65 patients diagnosed as lumbar spinal stenosis with rheumatoid arthritis (rheumatoid arthritis group) and 87 patients without rheumatoid arthritis (non-rheumatoid arthritis group) were retrospectively enrolled. All patients were treated with posterior decompression fusion and posterolateral fusion with internal fixation system of pedicle screw + titanium rod + interbody fusion cage. Posterolateral autogenous bone grafting was performed during the operation. The extracted measures included demographic characteristics, rheumatoid arthritis-related parameters such as rheumatoid arthritis duration, Steinbrocker classification and anti-rheumatoid arthritis drugs as well as information on operation and blood loss. Intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage and hidden blood loss were the primary outcomes. The secondary measures included operation time, preoperative and postoperative hematocrit and hemoglobin, the number of anemia pre- and post-operatively, autologous blood and allogeneic blood transfusion.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The mean age and bone mass index were (65.97±8.02) years and (25.76±3.68) kg/m2 of patients in rheumatoid arthritis group. The gender ratio, age and number of surgical segments were all matched between the rheumatoid arthritis and non-rheumatoid arthritis groups. (2) The mean duration was (16.78±12.73) years in the rheumatoid arthritis group, of which the most common anti-rheumatoid arthritis drug was single or combined disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs. There was no statistical difference in the number of pedicle screws and interbody cages between the two groups, so was the incidence of perioperative complications. (3) The primary outcomes showed that there was no statistical difference in total blood loss, intraoperative blood loss and postoperative drainage between the two groups. Hidden blood loss and the proportion of hidden blood loss were lower in non-rheumatoid arthritis group than in the rheumatoid arthritis group (P < 0.001, 0.012). Stratified analysis based on the number of surgical levels suggested hidden blood loss and the proportion of hidden blood loss in non-rheumatoid arthritis group was superior to those of rheumatoid arthritis group in long-segment surgery (≥ 3 segments). (4) The secondary outcomes showed the change of hematocrit was lower in the non-rheumatoid arthritis group (P=0.021) than in rheumatoid arthritis group, but the reduction of hemoglobin was not significantly different between the two groups. In addition, there was no significant difference in neoformative and grade-aggravated anemia, as well as the number of allogeneic blood transfusion and operation time. (5) Multiple linear regression analysis of hidden blood loss in the rheumatoid arthritis group showed high Steinbrocker classification, non-taking disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, large change of hemoglobin and allogeneic blood transfusion were independent risk factors. (6) It is concluded that there were no differences in total blood loss, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage and operation time between rheumatoid arthritis group and non-rheumatoid arthritis group. Hidden blood loss and the proportion of hidden blood loss in total blood loss were higher in the rheumatoid arthritis group than in the non-rheumatoid arthritis group, especially in long-segment surgery. The high Steinbrocker classification, non-taking disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, large change of hemoglobin and allogeneic blood transfusion were independent risk factors for hidden blood loss in the rheumatoid arthritis group. 

Key words: bone, rheumatoid, arthritis, lumbar spinal stenosis, lumbar vertebrae, decompression fusion, drainage, hidden blood loss

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