中国组织工程研究 ›› 2019, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (32): 5133-5137.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1479

• 骨科植入物 orthopedic implant • 上一篇    下一篇

4枚空心钉与3枚空心钉结合支持钢板内固定治疗Pauwels Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折的有限元分析

殷  浩1,周恩昌2,潘政军1,陈  光1,江  华1
  

  1. 1安徽医科大学第三附属医院骨科,安徽省合肥市  230061;2聊城市第二医院,山东省临清市  252600
  • 出版日期:2019-11-18 发布日期:2019-11-18
  • 作者简介:殷浩,男,1977年生,河南省人,2008年苏州大学毕业,博士,副主任医师,主要从事人工关节及复杂创伤、生物力学方面的研究。

Finite element analysis of the four and three cannulated screws combined with buttress plate fixation for the treatment of Pauwels III femoral neck fractures

Yin Hao1, Zhou Enchang2, Pan Zhengjun1, Chen Guang1, Jiang Hua1   

  1. 1Department of Orthopedics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230061, Anhui Province, China; 2Liaocheng Second Hospital, Linqing 252600, Shandong Province, China
  • Online:2019-11-18 Published:2019-11-18
  • About author:Yin Hao, MD, Associate chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230061, Anhui Province, China

摘要:

文章快速阅读:


文题释义:
股骨颈骨折内固定:目前内固定方式治疗股骨颈骨折主要有3枚空心拉力螺钉、动力髋螺钉或股骨近段锁定钢板进行固定,其中3枚空心拉力螺钉固定方式因采用闭合复位平行股骨颈长轴经皮置入,手术简单,创伤小,螺钉可持续加压骨折端,固定牢靠,在临床上被广泛应用。但对于Pauwels Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折,因骨折端极端不稳定,3枚空心拉力螺钉固定后骨折端骨不连、股骨头坏死等并发症发生率较高。
4枚空心拉力螺钉固定:有学者认为Pauwels Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折断端剪切力较大,3枚空心拉力螺钉固定强度不足,因此提出在应用3枚空心拉力螺钉的基础上,增加1枚水平空心拉力螺钉垂直骨折线固定,对抗剪切力作用以增强稳定性。
3枚空心拉力螺钉结合股骨颈内侧支持钢板固定:采用切开复位,3枚空心拉力螺钉平行股骨颈长轴固定骨折端,另外增加一块小锁定钢板置于股骨颈内侧,起到支持作用。
Pauwels Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折:Pauwels 角分类是股骨颈骨折中一种经典的分类方式,按照骨折线与水平线的夹角将股骨颈骨折分为3类,即< 30°为 PauwelsⅠ型,30°-50°之间为 PawelsⅡ型,> 50°为Pauwels Ⅲ型。随着 Pauwels 角度的增大,股骨颈骨折断端所承受的剪切力也呈现出显著增加的趋势,所要求的骨折内固定强度也越高,同时出现内固定失败的概率也越大。
 
摘要
背景:股骨颈骨折的内固定方式主要采用 3 枚空心螺钉固定,有学者提出Pauwels Ⅲ型的股骨颈骨折在应用3枚空心拉力螺钉固定的基础上增加1枚抗旋螺钉,以增强固定效果,收到较好的临床疗效。也有作者提出行切开复位治疗Pauwels Ⅲ型骨折,采用3枚空心钉附加股骨颈内侧支持钢板,认为切开复位能使骨折端达到解剖复位,减轻关节囊压力,且不增加股骨头血供的破坏,目前也在临床推广使用。对2种内固定方法的生物力学效果优劣未见报道。
目的:通过建立4枚空心钉与3枚空心钉结合支持钢板2种内固定治疗Pauwels Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折的三维有限元模型进行生物力学比较,为临床应用提供参考。
方法:利用逆向建模技术,将25岁男性青年健康股骨CT数据及内固定数据导入相关软件,志愿者知情同意,实验方案得到医院伦理委员会批准。分别建立Pauwels Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折的4枚空心钉与3枚空心钉结合支持钢板三维有限元模型。模拟单腿站立进行加载,比较2组骨折端最大位移、内固定最大Von Mises 应力及应力分布等指标。
结果与结论:①4枚空心钉、3枚空心钉结合支持钢板三维有限元模型的骨折端最大位移分别为0.71 mm和0.43 mm;②4枚空心钉、3枚空心钉结合支持钢板三维有限元模型Von Mises 应力分别为436.6 MPa和227.2 MPa,3枚螺钉结合支持钢板组应力分布更加均匀,更符合正常股骨生物力学特点;③表明2种内固定方式均能提供良好的固定强度,但3枚空心钉结合支持钢板相较4枚空心钉固定稳定性更好,应力分布更均匀,是治疗Pauwels Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折的较好选择。


ORCID: 0000-0003-1181-0490(殷浩)

关键词: 股骨颈骨折, 内固定, 空心钉, 支持钢板, 位移, 应力, 生物力学, 有限元分析

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Femoral neck fracture was mainly fixed by three cannulated screws. Some scholars have proposed that Pauwels III femoral neck fracture should be fixed with three cannulated screws and one antiwhirl screw to enhance the stability of fracture ends. Others suggested that open reduction should be used to treat Pauwels III fracture. Three cannulated screws combined with buttress plate of medial femoral neck is another treatment option. It was believed that open reduction could achieve anatomical reduction of the fracture end, reduce the pressure of the articular capsule, and not increase the destruction of the blood supply of the femoral head. The biomechanical effects of the two internal fixation methods have not been reported.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the biomechanical stability and stress of the four cannulated screws and three cannulated screws combined with buttress plate fixation for the treatment of the Pauwels III femoral neck fractures.
METHODS: The CT imaging results and internal fixation data of a 25-year-old healthy male volunteer were imported into the Mimics software using reverse modeling technique. The participant signed the informed consent. The protocol was approved by the Hospital Ethics Committee. Finally, finite element models of Pauwels III femoral neck fractures fixed with four cannulated screws and three screws cannulated screws combined with buttress plate were established respectively. An axial load of 500 N was applied on the femoral head to simulate one leg standing in Abaqus software. The maximum displacement, maximum Von Mises stress and stress distribution were compared between the two models.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The maximum displacement was 0.71 mm in four screws model, and 0.43 mm in the three screws combined with buttress plate model. (2) Von Mises stress peak was 436.6 MPa and 227.2 MPa in four and three screws combined with buttress plate models respectively. The stress distribution of the three screws combined with the plate group was more uniform, and more in line with the biomechanical characteristics of the normal femur. (3) Both two kinds of internal fixation methods demonstrate good fixation effect. The three cannulated screws combined with buttress plate model provide better stability and uniform stress distribution compared with four cannulated screws. The three cannulated screws combined with buttress plate is a good choice for the treatment of Pauwels III femoral neck fracture. 

Key words: femoral neck fractures, internal fixators, hollow screws, buttress plate, displacement, stress, biomechanics, finite element analysis

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