中国组织工程研究 ›› 2019, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (28): 4522-4528.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1471

• 骨与关节生物力学 bone and joint biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

不同偏移角度荷载下膝关节假体接触压力的有限元分析

相昌鑫1,纪斌平2,陈维毅1,王长江3,郭  媛1
  

  1. 1太原理工大学生物医学工程学院,山西省太原市  030024;2山西华晋骨科医院,山西省太原市  030024;3Sussex大学工程与信息学院,英国布莱顿,BNI 9RH
  • 出版日期:2019-10-08 发布日期:2019-10-08
  • 通讯作者: 陈维毅,教授,博士生导师,太原理工大学生物医学工程学院,山西省太原市 030024
  • 作者简介:相昌鑫,男,1991年生,黑龙江省牡丹江市人,汉族,2019年太原理工大学毕业,硕士,主要从事生物医学工程方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金(11472185),项目负责人:郭媛|国家自然科学基金(11772214),项目负责人:王长江

Contact pressure of knee prosthesis under different loads with deviation angles by finite element analysis

Xiang Changxin1, Ji Binping2, Chen Weiyi1, Wang Changjiang3, Guo Yuan1   

  1. 1College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi Province, China; 2Shanxi Huajin Orthopaedic Hospital, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi Province, China; 3College of Engineering and Information, University of Sussex, Brighton, BNI 9RH, UK
  • Online:2019-10-08 Published:2019-10-08
  • Contact: Chen Weiyi, Professor, Doctoral supervisor, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi Province, China
  • About author:Xiang Changxin, Master, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi Province, China
  • Supported by:

    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 11472185 (to GY)| the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 11772214 (to WCJ)

摘要:

文章快速阅读:



文题释义
膝关节假体:膝关节中的软骨特别是半月板在运动时是人体最易受伤的部分,一旦关节受损,就会造成关节疼痛、功能障碍,通过植入假体组件之间的接触曲面代替原有膝关节中关节接触面,重建膝关节功能,提高患者的生活质量,尽可能恢复正常人体的膝关节生理功能。
假体接触压力:在步态过程中,膝关节假体不同组件由于相对运动在接触面上产生的应力。
 
摘要
背景:人工膝关节置换后因为假体的失效部分患者的满意程度不高。造成膝关节假体早期失效的原因有高分子聚乙烯垫衬的早期磨损、假体松动与假体失稳,且均与假体的接触压力有关。
目的:分析在步态过程中,载荷偏移角度对胫骨垫衬上接触压力、面积和压力分布的影响。
方法:将膝关节假体的模型导入到Abaqus三维有限元软件中,将步态过程中的轴向载荷偏移0°,1°,2°,3°,4°,5°和6°形成7种不同工况,研究不同工况下胫骨垫衬上的接触压力、面积与接触压力分布的变化。
结果与结论:①在步态过程中,高分子聚乙烯垫衬上的接触压力随载荷偏移角度的增加而增加;②随轴向载荷向外侧偏移,胫骨垫衬与内侧髁的接触面积减少,与外侧髁的接触面积增大;③通过接触压力分布云图发现,接触位置逐渐向胫骨垫衬边缘移动,在胫骨垫衬与外侧髁接触位置产生了应力集中现象;④结果表明,下肢对线不齐造成的载荷偏移会引起高分子聚乙烯垫衬上的接触压力明显增大,改变原本的接触面积和接触位置,易发生应力集中现象。如果膝关节假体长期处于上述不良的力学环境之中,会造成膝关节假体的失效。

ORCID: 0000-0001-5502-8789(相昌鑫)

关键词: 人工膝关节, 有限元分析, 步态载荷, 接触压力, 接触面积, 生物力学, 国家自然科学基金

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: After artificial knee joint replacement, some patients have low postoperative satisfaction because of the failure of the prosthesis. The early failure of the knee prosthesis is caused by the early wear of the polyethylene component, the loosening and the instability of the prosthesis, which are affected by the contact pressure of the prosthesis.
OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of load offset angle on contact pressure, contact area and contact pressure distribution on the polyethylene insert during gait circle.
METHODS: The model of the knee prosthesis was introduced into the Abaqus three-dimensional finite element software. The axial force of gait load was offset by 0°, 1°, 2°, 3°, 4°, 5° and 6° to form seven working conditions. The contact pressure, contact area and contact pressure distribution of the polyethylene insert were studied under different working conditions.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The contact pressure of the polyethylene insert increases with the augment of the axial load deviation angle during the gait circle. (2) As the axial load shifting to the outside, the contact area between the polyethylene insert and the medial condyle decreases, and the contact area with the lateral condyle increases. (3) Through the contact pressure distribution cloud map, it is found that the contact position gradually moves toward the edge of the tibial tray, and stress concentration occurs at the contact position between the tibial tray and the lateral condyle. (4) The load deviation caused by the poor malalignment will cause the contact pressure on the polyethylene component to increase significantly, and will change the original contact area and contact position. If the knee prosthesis is in the above-mentioned poor mechanical environment for a long time, it will lead to the failure of the knee prosthesis.

Key words: artificial knee joint, finite element analysis, gait circle, contact pressure, contact area, biomechanics, National Natural Science Foundation of China

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