中国组织工程研究 ›› 2018, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (27): 4393-4399.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0279

• 骨与关节生物力学 bone and joint biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

前交叉韧带重建后膝关节周围屈伸肌力与运动功能的变化

刘志成,李 雁,张其亮   

  1. 青岛大学附属青岛市市立医院骨关节与运动医学科,山东省青岛市 266000
  • 出版日期:2018-09-28 发布日期:2018-09-28
  • 通讯作者: 张其亮,博士,副主任医师,青岛大学附属青岛市市立医院骨关节与运动医学科,山东省青岛市 266000
  • 作者简介:刘志成,男,1990年生,山东省德州市人,汉族,硕士,主要从事运动医学康复方面的研究。

Changes in the flexion and extension muscle strength and motor function of the knee joint after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction  

Liu Zhi-cheng, Li Yan, Zhang Qi-liang   

  1. Department of Bone Joint and Sports Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China
  • Online:2018-09-28 Published:2018-09-28
  • Contact: Zhang Qi-liang, M.D., Associate chief physician, Department of Bone Joint and Sports Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China
  • About author:Liu Zhi-cheng, Master, Department of Bone Joint and Sports Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China

摘要:

文章快速阅读:

 

文题释义:
本体感觉失调:本体感觉是指肌、腱、关节等运动器官本身在不同状态(运动或静止)时产生的感觉(例如,人在闭眼时能感知身体各部的位置),因位置较深,又称深部感觉。此外,在本体感觉传导通路中,还传导皮肤的精细触觉(如辨别两点距离和物体的纹理粗细等),主要涉及躯干和四肢的本体感觉传导通路(属于顶叶功能)。如果本体感觉有障碍,就不能很好地解纽扣、取物、抓物,不能根据对象物的性质、掌握用力的轻重,常常将东西弄碎、弄坏。
肌力:肌力为运动时肌肉的最大收缩力量,传统的肌力测定为徒手肌力测定,其评定不能数据化;目前等速肌力测定为公认的肌力测定方式,最大峰力矩可以精确衡量肌力的大小。
 
摘要
背景:虽然前交叉韧带重建后康复效果良好,但目前重建后患肢肌力仍存在缺失,且运动功能不能完全恢复。
目的:观察应用半腱肌、股薄肌肌腱为移植物行前交叉韧带重建后患肢肌力及运动功能的恢复过程,从而更好地指导前交叉韧带重建后患者的康复锻炼。
方法:选择150例单纯前交叉韧带损伤患者为研究对象,所有患者均选用自体半腱、股薄肌肌腱为移植物进行重建,重建后进行康复锻炼。分别在重建后3,6,9和12个月对患者进行患侧及健侧等速肌力测试,并计算股四头肌肌力对称指数、屈肌肌力/伸肌肌力比值;在重建后第6及12个月进行单脚跳、6 m计时单脚跳、侧边单脚跳及交叉单脚跳4项运动功能测试。分析并评估重建后肌力及运动功能随时间变化的情况。
结果与结论:①150例研究对象中只有118例完成全部测试,32例由于各种原因失访,失访率21.3%;②研究结果显示:在3,6,9和12个月时前交叉韧带重建后患者的患侧股四头肌肌力分别为对侧的 (64.01±4.45)%,(77.97±5.04)%,(84.25±5.14)%,(86.98±5.28)%;腘绳肌肌力分别为对侧的(81.58± 3.12)%,(91.06±3.72)%,(96.48±3.87)%,(97.59±3.77)%。经重复测量检验证实,随时间延长,屈、伸肌肌力逐步恢复(F=27.23,P=0.00);③对不同时间段肌力恢复情况的分析证实,3-6个月期间肌力恢复最快(P < 0.05);重建后12个月时患侧肢体的股四头肌肌力仍显著低于健侧肢体(P < 0.05),腘绳肌肌力与健侧无显著差异(P > 0.05);④重建后3,6,9和12个月时屈肌肌力/伸肌肌力比值均显著高于健侧肢体(P < 0.05);⑤前交叉韧带重建后6个月时单脚跳、6 m计时单脚跳、侧边单脚跳及交叉单脚跳等四项运动功能测试均低于健侧肢体的90%;重建后12个月时,患侧单腿跳及6 m计时单腿跳超过健侧肢体的90%,侧边单脚跳及交叉单脚跳仍低于健侧肢体的90%;⑥结果提示,前交叉韧带重建后患肢屈、伸肌肌力恢复的最佳时期为3-6个月;重建后12个月时,患者的伸肌肌力、屈伸肌平衡情况和运动能力尚不能完全恢复正常。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程
ORCID:0000-0002-2583-703X(刘志成)

关键词: 前交叉韧带重建, 膝关节, 肌力, 等速, 自体半腱, 股薄肌肌腱, 单脚跳测试

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Although the effect of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is good, the postoperative muscle strength is still absent and the motor function cannot be fully recovered.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the muscle strength and functional performance of the affected limbs after ACL reconstruction using semitendonosus and gracilis as a autograft, so as to guide the rehabilitation of patients with ACL reconstruction.
METHODS: Totally 150 patients with ACL injuries participated in this study. All patients underwent ACL reconstruction using semitendonosus and gracilis as an autograft and rehabilitation. Extension and flexion torques were measured for the injured and healthy limbs at postoperative 3, 6, 9 and 12 months, and the quadriceps strength symmetry index, hamstring/quadriceps ratio were measured. The single hop test, the 6-m timed hop test, crossover hop test and the side-to-side hop test were conducted at 6 and 12 months postoperatively. The changes of muscle strength and motor function with time were analyzed and evaluated.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Of the 150 patients, only 118 patients completed all tests, and 32 patients (21.3 %) lost to follow up. (2) The average quadriceps strength of the affected side at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months postoperatively was (64.01±4.45)%, (77.97±5.04)%, (84.25±5.14)% and (86.98±5.28)% of the healthy side, respectively. The average hamstring strength of the affected side at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months postoperatively was (81.58±3.12)%, (91.06±3.72)%, (96.48±3.87)% and (97.59±3.77)% of the healthy side, respectively. Repeated measurement test confirmed that the flexor/extensor strength gradually recovered with time (F=27.23, P=0.00). (3) Muscle strength recovered quickly between 3 and 6 months (P < 0.05). The quadriceps strength of involved limb was still significantly lower than the uninvolved limb after 12 months (P < 0.05). The hamstring muscle was not significantly different from the uninvolved limb after 12 months (P > 0.05). (4) At 3, 6, 9 and 12 months postoperatively, hamstring/quadriceps ratios were significantly higher than the healthy limb (P < 0.05). (5) At 6 months postoperatively, results of the single hop test, crossover hop test, the side-to-side hop test and the 6-m timed hop test were lower than 90% of the healthy limb. At 12 months postoperatively, results of the single hop test and the 6-m timed hop test were higher than 90% of the healthy limb, but crossover hop test and the side-to-side hop test were still lower than 90% of the healthy limb. (6) These results manifest that the best period for the restoration of flexion and extension strength is 3-6 months postoperatively. The extensor muscle strength, hamstring/ quadriceps strength ratios and sport ability of the patients are not completely restored to normal at 12 months postoperatively.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

Key words: Anterior Cruciate Ligament, Knee, Rehabilitation, Tissue Engineering

中图分类号: