中国组织工程研究 ›› 2017, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (27): 4288-4293.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.27.005

• 人工假体 artificial prosthesis • 上一篇    下一篇

膝关节置换后早期强调步态训练对患者功能恢复的影响

李 莉,王 梓,尹梦虹,李 庆,齐志明   

  1. 大连市中心医院运动医学科,辽宁省大连市   116033
  • 出版日期:2017-09-28 发布日期:2017-10-24
  • 通讯作者: 齐志明,博士,主任医师,硕士生导师,大连市中心医院运动医学科,辽宁省大连市 116033
  • 作者简介:李莉,女,1970年生,山东省诸城县人,汉族,2011年大连医科大学毕业,副主任康复治疗师,主要从事临床康复治疗研究。

Effect of early gait training on the functional rehabilitation after total knee arthroplasty  

Li Li, Wang Zi, Yin Meng-hong, Li Qing, Qi Zhi-ming   

  1. Department of Sports Medicine, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian 116033, Liaoning Province, China
  • Online:2017-09-28 Published:2017-10-24
  • Contact: Qi Zhi-ming, M.D., Chief physician, Master’s supervisor, Department of Sports Medicine, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian 116033, Liaoning Province, China
  • About author:Li Li, Associate chief rehabilitation therapist, Department of Sports Medicine, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian 116033, Liaoning Province, China

摘要:

文章快速阅读:

 

文题释义:

步态的皮质动力定型:人体的运动受大脑皮质控制,皮质动力定型的形成使皮质活动变得容易和自动化,同时使皮质活动更加迅速和精确,从而减轻皮质的工作负担,使得正常人的走路不用考虑。当动力定型形成非常巩固时,改变也是非常困难的,所以在步态训练时,一旦发现错误动作,一定要及时纠正,防止错误的动力定型的形成。
步行周期:是指完成一个完整步行过程所需要的时间,即指一侧足跟着地起至该侧足跟再次着地时所用的时间。在每个步行周期中,每一侧下肢都要经历一个与地面由接触到负重,再离地腾空向前挪动的过程。根据下肢在步行时的位置,步行周期可分为支撑相和摆动相。
中枢控制:是指中枢神经系统在对多种感觉信息进行分析整合以后,下达的运动指令,任何原因导致的中枢神经系统的损伤或破坏,都会影响对步行的调控,产生异常步态,甚至造成步行障碍。
 
摘要
背景:膝关节置换可以解决患者的膝关节畸形、疼痛、功能受限等,从而提高患者的生活质量,而置换后早期康复介入和康复治疗的着重点是患者功能恢复绝对性因素。
目的:观察早期步态训练对膝关节置换后患者康复的临床疗效。

方法:选取86例运动医学科专组所做的单膝膝关节表面置换后患者,将其随机分为训练+常规治疗组和常规治疗组,每组43例患者。训练+常规治疗组于术前进行康复指导,关节置换后离床即进行步态训练,使患者按正确的步行模式行走。常规治疗组只对膝关节置换康复原则中的基础康复进行训练,而对步态训练没有硬性要求。分别于置换后2,4,8周和6个月进行评价,对两组患者在治疗前后膝前疼痛、膝关节功能(HSS)进行评估,比较两组治疗前后的临床疗效。

结果与结论:①膝关节置换后4周,8周及6个月时,训练+常规治疗组与常规治疗组相比膝关节活动角度明显增大(P < 0.05);②置换后8周及6个月,训练+常规治疗组与常规治疗组相比目测类比评分明显降低(P < 0.05);③置换后2周,训练+常规治疗组与常规治疗组相比HSS评分明显升高(P < 0.05);置换后8周,训练+常规治疗组与常规治疗组相比HSS评分升高,但差异并不显著(P > 0.05);置换后6个月,训练+常规治疗组HSS评分显著高于常规治疗组;④结果说明,早期步态训练较常规治疗,能够在一定程度上改善膝关节的活动角度、膝关节疼痛及整体功能,并明显优于常规治疗组。证实早期步态训练对膝关节置换后患者康复可以恢复步行能力,提高患者综合功能,快速、持续消除疼痛与活动受限,具有显著的疗效。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程
ORCID: 0000-0002-4720-2377(李莉)

关键词: 骨科植入物, 人工假体, 膝关节置换, 步态训练, 康复, 早期

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Knee arthroplasty can correct the joint deformity, alleviate the pain and improve the joint function, thereby improving the patients’ quality of life. Early rehabilitative training is the key to the functional recovery of the joint.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical effectiveness of early gait training on the rehabilitation of patients after knee arthroplasty.
METHODS: Eighty-six cases undergoing unilateral knee arthroplasty in the Department of Sports Medicine were selected and randomly divided into experimental and control groups (n=43 per group). The experimental group was given rehabilitation instruction before operation, and the gait training was carried out just after the operation. The patients in the control group only received the basic rehabilitation training. The Visual Analogue Scale and the Hospital for Special Surgery scores were evaluated at baseline and 2, 4, and 8 weeks, and 6 months postoperatively, and the clinical effectiveness was compared between two groups.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The range of motion of the knee in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group at 4 and 8 weeks, and 6 months postoperatively (P < 0.05). (2) At 8 weeks and 6 months postoperatively, the Visual Analogue Scale scores in the two groups both were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). (3) At 2 weeks postoperatively, the Hospital for Special Surgery scores in both groups were significantly increased (P < 0.05); the scores at 8 weeks postoperatively in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group (P > 0.05); the scores at 6 months postoperatively in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group
(P < 0.05). (4) These findings suggest that compared with conventional training, early gaiting training can significantly improve the range of motion and pain of the knee, as well as enhance the functional recovery of the knee joint, which exhibits remarkable curative efficacy in the rehabilitation following knee arthroplasty. 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

Key words: Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee, Gait, Rehabilitation, Tissue Engineering

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