中国组织工程研究 ›› 2017, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (3): 356-361.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.03.006

• 脊柱植入物 spinal implant • 上一篇    下一篇

微创经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的置钉选择

邹 伟,肖 杰,龙 浩,张 洋,吴 陈,杜玉辉,冯明星,周昌俊   

  1. 贵阳市第四人民医院(贵阳骨科医院)脊柱外科,贵州省贵阳市   550002
  • 修回日期:2016-11-24 出版日期:2017-01-28 发布日期:2017-03-14
  • 作者简介:邹伟,男,1975年生,贵州省贵阳市人,汉族,1999年贵州医科大学毕业,副主任医师,主要从事脊柱微创技术研究。

Screw placement selection of minimally invasive percutaneous pedicle screw fixation for thoracolumbar fractures

Zou Wei, Xiao Jie, Long Hao, Zhang Yang, Wu Chen, Du Yu-hui, Feng Ming-xing, Zhou Chang-jun   

  1. Department of Spinal Surgery, Guiyang Fourth People’s Hospital (Guiyang Orthopedics Hospital), Guiyang 550002, Guizhou Province, China
  • Revised:2016-11-24 Online:2017-01-28 Published:2017-03-14
  • About author:Zou Wei, Associate chief physician, Department of Spinal Surgery, Guiyang Fourth People’s Hospital (Guiyang Orthopedics Hospital), Guiyang 550002, Guizhou Province, China

摘要:

文章快速阅读:


 
文题释义:
微创:顾名思义,就是微小的创口、创伤,是现代医学外科手术治疗应用的特点,是一个技术名词,就是在手术治疗过程中只对患者造成微小创伤、术后只留下微小创口的技术,是相对传统手术的科技成果。所以,微创是专门与外科及手术相连接的词语,如微创手术,微创外科等。微创,并没有一个准确的定义。但不少外科医生认为,微创应该是相对传统手术而言,主要具有4大特点:切口小、创伤小、恢复快、痛苦少。微创手术是高科技带来的医学革命!
万向螺钉:其设计特点在于螺钉杆与螺钉冠之间加入了一个耦联装置——“球窝结构”(Ball-in-cup),使螺钉冠能够以螺钉杆轴线为中心在任意方向做一定角度的旋转,耦联装置的引入,更便于经皮操作情况下连接棒的安装,但同时螺钉的力学性质也因此发生了改变。Stanford等通过力学试验研究得出,万向螺钉的抗屈曲强度下降,其耦联装置是整个装置中最为薄弱的部位,因此其载荷、负荷能力也随之降低。
 
摘要
背景:单向椎弓根螺钉虽然在经皮椎弓根螺钉技术中有不利于安装的弱势,但其具有比万向椎弓根螺钉更佳的力学传导特性和稳定性,实践中如何选择和使用这2种螺钉,发挥各自优势,进一步提高疗效,已成为一个值得思考的课题。
目的:比较单向与万向椎弓根螺钉不同置钉选择下,经皮椎弓根复位固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效。
方法:对46例无神经损伤症状的胸腰椎骨折患者采用微创经皮椎弓根螺钉复位内固定手术治疗,其中25例采用单向钉复位骨折固定(单向钉组),21例采用万向钉复位骨折固定(万向钉组)。比较内固定前后2组椎体前、后缘高度、伤椎后凸角、矫正率、丢失率等影像学指标,评价经皮单向钉和万向钉复位固定胸腰椎骨折的治疗效果。
结果与结论: ①2组在内固定时间、出血量、并发症以及住院时间等围术期资料差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05),②2组内固定后伤椎前、后缘高度百分比、伤椎后凸角度与内固定前比较,差异均有显著性意义(P < 0.05)。③内固定后单向螺钉组伤椎前缘高度百分比、伤椎后凸角度、矫正度优于万向螺钉组(P < 0.05),末次随访时丢失率优于万向螺钉组(P < 0.05),但内固定后伤椎后缘高度百分比差异无显著统计学差异(P > 0.05);④结果说明,与万向钉复位固定比较,应用单向钉椎弓根螺钉经皮微创复位、固定治疗胸腰椎骨折,更具有满意的骨折撑开复位疗效,后期矫形丢失更少。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程
ORCID:
0000-0003-4585-9997(邹伟)

关键词: 骨科植入物, 脊柱植入物, 胸腰椎, 脊柱骨折, 经皮, 微创性, 骨折复位, 椎弓根螺钉

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Monoaxial pedicle screws are not conducive to the installation during percutaneous pedicle screw technique, but it has better mechanical conductivity and stability than polyaxial pedicle screws. How to select and use these two kinds of screws in the clinic to exert their advantages and to further elevate efficacy has become a subject worthy of reflection.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical efficacy of percutaneous pedicle screw placement for thoracolumbar fracture using monoaxial and polyaxial pedicle screws at different placement selections. 
METHODS: A total of 46 cases of thoracolumbar fracture without neurological symptoms underwent minimally invasive percutaneous pedicle screw fixation. 25 patients (monoaxial screw group) were treated with monoaxial pedicle screws and the other 21 ones (polyaxial screw group) with polyaxial pedicle screws. Kyphotic angle, correction rate, correction loss rate and height of injury vertebrae were compared before and after fixation in both groups. The therapeutic effects of monoaxial and polyaxial percutaneous pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures were evaluated. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Fixation time, blood loss, complication and hospital stay were not significantly different in both groups (P > 0.05). (2) Kyphotic angle and height of the fractured vertebra body were significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.05). (3) The restoration of anterior height of injured vertebrae, kyphotic angle and correction rate were better in the monoaxial screw group than in the polyaxial screw group after treatment (P < 0.05). The correction loss rate was significantly better in the monoaxial screw group than in the polyaxial screw group during last follow-up (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the posterior height of injured vertebraeafter fixation (P > 0.05). (4) These findings indicate that compared with the polyaxial percutaneous pedicle screw fixation, the monoaxial pedicle screw may be preferable in percutaneous pedicle screw fixation for thoracolumbar fractures, has more satisfactory fracture distraction reduction, and has less postoperative correction loss rate. 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

Key words: Spinal Fractures, Diskectomy, Percutaneous, Internal Fixators, Tissue Engineering

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