中国组织工程研究 ›› 2016, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (22): 3197-3204.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.22.001

• 人工假体 artificial prosthesis •    下一篇

氨甲环酸关节腔内注射联合置换后3 h夹闭引流管对膝关节单髁置换失血量的影响

曾 兵,刘 刚,贺志盛,郑连杰,荆丰博,吕 浩   

  1. 大连医科大学附属第二医院关节外科,辽宁省大连市 116027
  • 修回日期:2016-03-25 出版日期:2016-05-27 发布日期:2016-05-27
  • 通讯作者: 刘刚,主任医师,教授,硕士生导师,大连医科大学附属第二医院关节外科,辽宁省大连市 116027
  • 作者简介:曾兵,男,1987年生,湖南省常德市人,汉族,大连医科大学附属第二医院关节外科在读硕士,主要从事关节置换、股骨头坏死方面的研究。

Effects of intraarticular tranexamic acid injection combined with 3-hour drainage tube occlusion postoperatively on blood loss in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty

Zeng Bing, Liu Gang, He Zhi-sheng, Zheng Lian-jie, Jing Feng-bo, Lv Hao   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, Liaoning Province, China
  • Revised:2016-03-25 Online:2016-05-27 Published:2016-05-27
  • Contact: Liu Gang, Chief physician, Professor, Master’s supervisor, Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, Liaoning Province, China
  • About author:Zeng Bing, Studying for master’s degree, Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, Liaoning Province, China

摘要:

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文题释义:
单髁置换:与全膝关节置换相比,单髁置换截骨量少,软组织剥离面积小,然而单髁置换围手术期出血量的控制仍然需要引起足够重视,手术创伤及术中止血带的使用等因素导致的纤溶系统异常激活,造成患者大量失血的问题,一直困扰着骨科医师。
氨甲环酸:化学名称为反式对氨基环已酸,是一种合成的赖氨酸衍生物,与纤溶酶原及纤溶酶的赖氨酸结合区有高度亲和力,能竞争性抑制纤维蛋白的赖氨酸与纤溶酶原结合,阻止纤溶酶降解纤维蛋白,从而产生手术切口止血作用。
 
摘要
背景:单髁置换已经成为治疗膝关节单间室骨性关节炎的主流术式,但仍然存在出血过多导致置换后输血的问题,从而增加输血率、住院费用及输血并发症,而氨甲环酸用于全膝关节置换取得了良好的效果,研究局部应用氨甲环酸能否有效减少单髁置换中的出血量意义重大。
目的:探究氨甲环酸关节腔内注射在膝关节内侧间室单髁置换中减少围手术期失血的安全性及有效性。
方法:选择 2014年1月至2015年8月大连医科大学附属二院关节外科收治行单侧膝关节内侧间室单髁表面置换的膝骨关节炎患者共122例,随机分为2组,氨甲环酸组关节表面置换完成松止血带前从引流管向关节腔内注入氨甲环酸10 mL(含1 000 mg)+氯化钠注射液10 mL,对照组同期关节腔内注入氯化钠注射液20 mL,2组均在注射后夹闭引流管3 h,置换后48 h拔出引流管。对比分析2组患者置换后2 d及1个月血红蛋白水平和红细胞压积、置换后2 d总失血量和引流量、置换后输血人数、置换后1周及1个月膝关节功能美国特种外科医院评分、置换后1周有无双下肢深静脉血栓形成等指标,评估氨甲环酸对膝关节单髁置换失血量的影响。

结果与结论:①氨甲环酸组置换后2 d血红蛋白、红细胞压积值均显著高于对照组(P < 0.05);置换后1个月2组血红蛋白及红细胞压积值比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);②氨甲环酸组置换后2 d引流量及总失血量较对照组显著减少(P < 0.05);③氨甲环酸组输血人数(0例)较对照组输血人数(6例)明显减少,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);④置换后1周膝关节美国特种外科医院评分氨甲环酸组较对照组增高(P < 0.05);置换后1个月2组美国特种外科医院评分比较差异无显著性意义;⑤置换后1周2组患肢静脉彩超未见静脉血栓形成;⑥提示在膝关节内侧间室单髁表面置换过程中,氨甲环酸关节腔内注射联合置换后3 h夹闭引流管能够显著减少引流量及围手术期出血量,降低输血率,并且有利于置换后患者膝关节功能早期恢复,不增加双下肢深静脉血栓形成的风险。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

 ORCID: 0000-0002-0580-9365(曾兵)

关键词: 骨科植入物, 人工假体, 氨甲环酸, 膝关节, 内侧间室, 单髁, 关节置换, 关节腔内注射, 出血, 血栓

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty has become mainstream operation for treatment of unicompartmental osteoarthritis of the knee, but unicompartmental knee arthroplasty still has some problems, such as excessive bleeding-induced postoperative blood transfusion, increased blood transfusion rate, hospitalization expense and complication of blood transfusion. As tranexamic acid for total knee arthroplasty has achieved good effects. It is significant to investigate whether local application of tranexamic acid can effectively reduce blood loss in unicompartmental arthroplasty.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of the intra-articular tranexamic acid injection in treating perioperative blood loss in patients undergoing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. 
METHODS: 122 patients with knee osteoarthritis undergoing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty in the Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University from January 2014 to August 2015 were enrolled in this study. All patients were randomly divided into two groups. Patients in the tranexamic acid group were injected with 10 mL of tranexamic acid (containing 1 000 mg) + 10 mL of sodium chloride injection in the articular cavity before loosening the tourniquet. Patients in the control group received 20 mL of sodium chloride injection in the articular cavity. In both groups, the drainage tube was clipped for 3 hours after injection. At 48 hours after replacement, the drainage tube was pulled out. We compared and analyzed hemoglobin levels and hematocrit at 2 days and 1 month postoperatively, total blood loss and drainage volume at 2 days postoperatively, the number of patients receiving blood transfusion, Hospital for Special Surgery scores of knee function at 1 week and 1 month postoperatively, and thrombosis at 1 week postoperatively, and evaluated effects of tranexamic acid on blood loss after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Hemoglobin levels and hematocrit were significantly higher in the tranexamic acid group than in the control group at 2 days postoperatively (P < 0.05). No significant difference in hemoglobin levels and hematocrit was detected at 1 month postoperatively in both groups (P > 0.05). (2) Drainage volume and total blood loss were significantly less in the tranexamic acid group than in the control group at 2 days postoperatively (P < 0.05). (3) The number of patients receiving blood transfusion was significantly less in the tranexamic acid group (0 case) than in the control group (6 cases) (P < 0.05). (4) Scores of Hospital for Special Surgery were significantly higher in the tranexamic acid group than in the control group at 1 week postoperatively (P < 0.05). No significant difference in above socres was identified between the two groups at 1 month postoperatively. (5) No venous thrombosis was found at 1 week postoperatively in both groups. (6) These results confirm that during knee medial unicompartmental arthroplasty, intra-articular injection of tranexamic acid combined with 3 hours of blood occlusion can effectively reduce drainage volume, perioperative blood loss, blood transfusion, is beneficial to the early recovery of knee joint function after replacement, and does not increase the risk of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

Key words: Arthroplasty, Replacement, Blood Loss, Surgical, Tranexamic Acid, Tissue Engineering

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