中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (31): 8219-8229.doi: 10.12307/2026.783

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

不同来源外泌体与骨关节炎:工程化技术和靶向性及药物载体功能

刘津瑞,杨贤光,刘昊龙,李  黎,阮朝晖,李彦林   

  1. 昆明医科大学第一附属医院运动医学科,云南省昆明市  650032
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-22 接受日期:2026-02-10 出版日期:2026-11-08 发布日期:2026-05-25
  • 通讯作者: 李彦林,博士,主任医师,教授,昆明医科大学第一附属医院运动医学科,云南省昆明市 650032
  • 作者简介:刘津瑞,男,1998年生,广西壮族自治区藤县人,汉族,昆明医科大学医学硕士,主要从事运动医学临床与基础方向研究。
  • 基金资助:
    昆医联合专项-重点项目(202401AY070001-007),项目负责人:李彦林;云南省院士(专家)工作站项目(202405AF140051),项目负责人:李彦林;昆医联合专项-面上项目(202401AY070001-242),项目负责人:杨贤光;昆明医科大学研究生创新基金(2024S250),项目负责人:刘津瑞

Exosomes from different sources and osteoarthritis: engineering technology, targeting, and drug carrier function

Liu Jinrui, Yang Xianguang, Liu Haolong, Li Li, Ruan Zhaohui, Li Yanlin   

  1. Department of Sports Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
  • Received:2025-09-22 Accepted:2026-02-10 Online:2026-11-08 Published:2026-05-25
  • Contact: Li Yanlin, MD, Chief physician, Professor, Department of Sports Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
  • About author:Liu Jinrui, MS, Department of Sports Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Kunming Medical University Joint Special Project - Key Project, No. 202401AY070001-007 (to LYL); Yunnan Provincial Academician (Expert) Workstation Project, No. 202405AF140051 (to LYL); Joint Special Project - General Project of Kunming Medical University, No. 202401AY070001-242 (to YXG); Graduate Innovation Fund of Kunming Medical University, No. 2024S250 (to LJR)

摘要:

文题释义:

外泌体:是一种由细胞分泌的直径为30-150 nm膜性小囊泡,来源于多泡体的胞吐过程,广泛存在于血液、尿液等体液中。外泌体携带蛋白、核酸、脂质等活性分子,能参与细胞间通讯、调节免疫反应、传递信号等功能,已被广泛应用于疾病诊断、生物标志物筛选和药物递送等领域,外泌体的稳定性和靶向性使其成为再生医学与肿瘤治疗研究的热点。
骨关节炎:是一种常见的慢性退行性关节疾病,主要表现为关节软骨退化、骨赘形成、滑膜炎症及关节功能障碍,多见于膝、髋、手及脊柱关节,症状包括关节疼痛、僵硬、肿胀和活动受限。骨关节炎的病因与年龄、肥胖、关节损伤及遗传因素相关。

摘要
背景:骨关节炎是一种常见的退行性关节疾病,目前尚无有效治疗方法以缓解甚至阻止疾病进展。近年来,外泌体作为细胞间通讯的关键递质,已成为骨关节炎防治研究的热点。
目的:系统总结外泌体在骨关节炎诊断和治疗中的最新进展,介绍不同来源外泌体的生物学特性及对骨关节炎的防治效果及存在的问题,以进一步优化外泌体对骨关节炎的诊疗策略。
方法:以“Exosome,osteoarthritis,OA”为英文检索词,以“间充质干细胞,外泌体,骨关节炎”为中文检索词,使用计算机在中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库和PubMed数据库中检索外泌体在骨关节炎中的应用研究。检索的文献时限设定为2010年1月至2024年10月,最终纳入167篇文献进行综述。
结果与结论:不同来源外泌体具有抑制炎症、修复软骨的能力,间充质干细胞分泌的外泌体不仅能通过多种机制调节炎症反应,还能促进软骨细胞的增殖和分化,从而对软骨退化的修复产生积极影响。提升外泌体的靶向性和药物载体功能是提高外泌体临床疗效的关键,可通过细胞预处理、外泌体工程化和改良外泌体载体的方法来优化治疗效果。但外泌体的临床转化尚面临挑战,有待进一步深入研究来实现精准应用。

关键词: 外泌体, 骨关节炎, 间充质干细胞, 软骨修复, 工程化外泌体, 纳米药物载体, 生物工程, 再生医学

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis is a common degenerative joint disease for which there is currently no effective treatment to significantly alleviate symptom and prevent disease progression. In recent years, exosomes, as key mediators of intercellular communication, have become a research hotspot in the prevention and treatment of osteoarthritis. 
OBJECTIVE: To systematically summarize the latest progress of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis, introduce the biological characteristics of exosomes from different sources, and discuss their effects and challenges in the prevention and treatment of osteoarthritis so as to provide optimized strategies for further improving the diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis using exosomes.
METHODS: Using the search terms “exosome, osteoarthritis, OA” in English and “mesenchymal stem cells, exosomes, osteoarthritis” in Chinese, we searched for studies on the application of exosomes in osteoarthritis in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Database, VIP, and PubMed databases. The literature search covered the period from January 2010 to October 2024, and 167 articles were ultimately included in this review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Exosomes from different sources have the ability to inhibit inflammation and repair cartilage. Exosomes secreted by mesenchymal stem cells not only regulate inflammatory responses through multiple mechanisms but also promote chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation, thereby positively impacting the repair of cartilage degeneration. Improving the targeting and drug carrier functions of exosomes is key to improving the clinical efficacy of exosomes. Cell pretreatment, exosome engineering, and modified exosome carriers can optimize therapeutic efficacy. However, the clinical translation of exosomes remains challenging, and further in-depth research is needed to achieve precise application.

Key words: exosomes, osteoarthritis, mesenchymal stem cells, cartilage repair, engineered exosomes, nanomedicine carriers, bioengineering, regenerative medicine

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