中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (在线): 1-8.doi: 10.12307/2026.918

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线粒体动力学失衡与骨关节炎软骨退变的关联分析

方凤超1,2,杨文武1,2,吴鸿涛1,2,彭  鹏2,梁智业1,2,姜  涛2,陈伟坚2,刘文刚1,2,赵传喜1,2   

  1. 1广州中医药大学第五临床医学院,广东省广州市  510405;2广东省第二中医院(广东省中医药工程技术研究院)骨伤一科,广东省广州市  510095
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-11 修回日期:2026-03-23 出版日期:2026-01-01 发布日期:2026-05-08
  • 通讯作者: 赵传喜,硕士,主任中医师,博士生导师,广州中医药大学第五临床医学院,广东省广州市 510405;广东省第二中医院(广东省中医药工程技术研究院)骨伤一科,广东省广州市 510095
  • 作者简介:方凤超,女,2001年生,广东省东莞市人,汉族,广州中医药大学在读硕士,主要从事中医骨伤科的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目-广东省自然科学基金(2024A1515010499),项目负责人:赵传喜;广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目-省企联合基金(2023A1515220154),项目负责人:赵传喜;中医证候全国重点实验室项目(SKLKY2024B0019),项目负责人:彭鹏;广东省医学科研基金(A2025133),项目负责人:彭鹏

Association between mitochondrial dynamics imbalance and cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis

Fang Fengchao1, 2, Yang Wenwu1, 2, Wu Hongtao1, 2, Peng Peng2, Liang Zhiye1, 2, Jiang Tao2, Chen Weijian2, Liu Wengang1, 2, Zhao Chuanxi1, 2   

  1. 1The Fifth Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, China; 2Guangdong Provincial Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510095, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2025-11-11 Revised:2026-03-23 Online:2026-01-01 Published:2026-05-08
  • Contact: Zhao Chuanxi, MS, Chief physician, Doctoral supervisor, The Fifth Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510095, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Fang Fengchao, MS candidate, The Fifth Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510095, Guangdong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Guangdong Provincial Fund for Basic and Applied Basic Research - Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation, No. 2024A1515010499 (to ZCX); Guangdong Provincial Fund for Basic and Applied Basic Research-Provincial-Enterprise Joint Fund, No. 2023A1515220154 (to ZCX); the General Project of State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, No. SKLKY2024B0019 (to PP); Guangdong Provincial Medical Research Fund, No. A2025133 (to PP)

摘要:



背景:骨关节炎发病过程中,软骨细胞表现为能量供应不足。线粒体作为细胞的发电站,其动力学失衡与软骨细胞、软骨退变间的关系尚不明确。
目的:探究关节软骨细胞线粒体动力学稳态对膝骨关节炎软骨退变的影响。
方法:①将SD大鼠随机分为对照组与模型组,模型组行前交叉韧带离断构建膝骨关节炎大鼠模型,均正常饲养4周。苏木精-伊红及番红固绿染色观察关节软骨改变,免疫组化、免疫荧光、Western blot 及RT-PCR技术检测软骨视神经萎缩蛋白1、动力相关蛋白1的蛋白及mRNA表达水平、线粒体DNA表达,ATP比色法测定ATP表达。②另收集10例人胫骨平台软骨,其中5例源于无骨关节炎而接受截肢或外伤手术患者的为正常组,另5例源于行膝关节置换术的膝骨关节炎患者为病变组。采用Western blot及RT-PCR检测上述指标,并检测线粒体融合蛋白1和分裂蛋白的表达。
结果与结论:①大鼠模型软骨观察指标:与对照组比较,模型组软骨层变薄,软骨下骨结构破坏、软骨细胞排列紊乱、数量减少;软骨细胞线粒体融合蛋白(视神经萎缩蛋白1)水平及其mRNA的表达、mtDNA表达均降低,而线粒体分裂蛋白(动力相关蛋白1)水平及其mRNA的表达均升高,ATP含量降低。②人体胫骨平台软骨观察指标:与正常组比较发现,病变组软骨细胞线粒体融合蛋白(视神经萎缩蛋白1、线粒体融合蛋白1)的蛋白及mRNA表达、mtDNA表达均降低,线粒体分裂蛋白(动力相关蛋白1、线粒体分裂蛋白1)的蛋白及mRNA表达均升高,ATP含量降低。③结论:关节软骨细胞线粒体动力学稳态失衡表现为线粒体融合蛋白表达下调、分裂蛋白表达上调和ATP合成障碍,与软骨损伤呈显著正相关。 
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7241-4622(赵传喜)


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

关键词: 线粒体动力学, 关节软骨, 骨关节炎, 线粒体分裂, 线粒体融合

Abstract: BACKGROUND: During the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis, chondrocytes exhibit insufficient energy supply. As mitochondria serve as the energy generators of cells, it remains unclear how changes in mitochondrial dynamic homeostasis affect chondrocyte function and cartilage degeneration.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of mitochondrial dynamics homeostasis in articular chondrocytes on cartilage degeneration in knee osteoarthritis.
METHODS: (1) Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group and a model group. The model group underwent anterior cruciate ligament transection to establish a rat model of knee osteoarthritis, and all rats were normally fed for 4 weeks. Articular cartilage changes were observed using hematoxylin-eosin and safranin O-fast green staining. The protein and mRNA expression levels of optic atrophy 1 and dynamin-related protein 1 in cartilage, as well as mitochondrial DNA expression, were detected using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, western blot, and RT-PCR. Adenosine triphosphate expression was measured using an ATP colorimetric assay. (2) Additionally, 10 tibial plateau cartilage samples were collected. Five samples from patients without osteoarthritis undergoing amputation or trauma surgery served as the normal group, and five samples from patients with knee osteoarthritis undergoing knee replacement surgery served as the lesion group. Western blot and RT-PCR were used to examine the above indicators, along with the expression of mitofusin 1 and mitochondrial fission protein 1.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Cartilage observation indicators in rat models: Compared with the control group, the model group showed thinning of the cartilage layer, destruction of subchondral bone structure, disorganized chondrocyte arrangement, and reduced cell number. The levels of the mitochondrial fusion protein (optic atrophy 1) and its mRNA expression, as well as mitochondrial DNA expression, were decreased in chondrocytes, while the levels of the mitochondrial fission protein (dynamin-related protein 1) and its mRNA expression were increased, and adenosine triphosphate content was decreased. (2) Human tibial plateau cartilage observation indicators: Compared with the normal group, the lesion group showed decreased protein expression of mitochondrial fusion proteins (optic atrophy 1 and mitofusin 1) and their mRNA expression, as well as decreased mitochondrial DNA expression, while the protein expression of mitochondrial fission proteins (dynamin-related protein 1 and mitochondrial fission protein 1) and their mRNA expression were increased, and adenosine triphosphate content was decreased. In conclusion, the imbalance of mitochondrial dynamics homeostasis in articular chondrocytes is manifested by downregulation of mitochondrial fusion protein expression, upregulation of fission protein expression, and impaired adenosine triphosphate synthesis, which is significantly positively correlated with cartilage damage.

Key words: mitochondrial dynamics, articular cartilage, osteoarthritis, mitochondrial fission, mitochondrial fusion

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