中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (25): 6522-6532.doi: 10.12307/2026.292

• 组织构建实验造模 experimental modeling in tissue construction • 上一篇    下一篇

SD大鼠衰老膝骨关节炎模型的建立及鉴定

吴祖贵1,朱  月1,李  皎1,袁  蓉1,吴志伟1,李俊毅2,李聪聪3,申  震1,郭  英1   

  1. 1云南中医药大学第三临床医学院/第三附属医院(昆明市中医医院),云南省昆明市   650500;2河南省洛阳正骨医院,河南省洛阳市   471000;3浙江中医药大学第一附属医院,浙江省杭州市   310000
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-04 修回日期:2025-12-10 出版日期:2026-09-08 发布日期:2026-04-21
  • 通讯作者: 郭英,硕士,主任医师,硕士生导师,云南中医药大学第三临床医学院/第三附属医院(昆明市中医医院),云南省昆明市 650500 并列通讯作者:申震,博士,主治医师,硕士生导师,云南中医药大学第三临床医学院/第三附属医院(昆明市中医医院),云南省昆明市 650500
  • 作者简介:吴祖贵,男,1993年生,江西省赣州市人,汉族,博士,博士后,主治医师,硕士生导师,主要从事中医药防治骨关节病的基础研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(82360943),项目负责人:申震;云南省基础研究专项项目(202501AU070167),项目负责人:吴祖贵;
    云南省科技厅项目-中医联合专项项目(202301AZ070001-094),项目负责人:郭英;云南省科技厅项目-中医联合专项项目(202101AZ070001-170),项目参与人:申震;云南省科技厅项目-中医联合专项项目(202301AZ070001-15),项目负责人:李皎;云南省临床医学中心科研项目(2024YNLCYXZX0293),项目负责人:吴祖贵

Establishment and validation of a Sprague-Dawley rat model of aging-related knee osteoarthritis

Wu Zugui1, Zhu Yue1, Li Jiao1, Yuan Rong1, Wu Zhiwei1, Li Junyi2, Li Congcong3, Shen Zhen1, Guo Ying1   

  1. 1Third Clinical College/Third Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China; 2Henan Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital, Luoyang 471000, Henan Province, China; 3First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
  • Received:2025-07-04 Revised:2025-12-10 Online:2026-09-08 Published:2026-04-21
  • Contact: Guo Ying, MS, Chief physician, Master’s supervisor, Third Clinical College/Third Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China Co-corresponding author: Shen Zhen, PhD, Attending physician, Master’s supervisor, Third Clinical College/Third Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China
  • About author:Wu Zugui, MD, Attending physician, Master's supervisor, Third Clinical College/Third Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 82360943 (to SZ); Yunnan Fundamental Research Project, No. 202501AU070167 (to WZG); Joint Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology, No. 202301AZ070001-094 (to GY); 202101AZ070001-170 (to SZ); 202301AZ070001-15 (to LJ); Yunnan Provincial Clinical Medical Center Research Project, No. 2024YNLCYXZX0293 (to WZG)

摘要:



文题释义:
衰老:是指生物体随着年龄增长而出现的生理功能衰退,并伴随着多种器官组织慢性损伤积累的生物学过程。衰老的本质是细胞和分子水平的稳态失衡,发生机制复杂,涉及端粒缩短、DNA损伤、蛋白质稳态失调、线粒体功能障碍、基因突变、慢性炎症等。
膝骨关节炎:是一种与衰老相关的膝关节退行性疾病,多见于中老年人群,临床主要表现为疼痛、畸形和关节功能障碍。膝骨关节炎的病理特征包括软骨损伤、骨赘形成、软骨下骨硬化等,软骨损伤是膝骨关节炎的核心病理改变。

背景:膝骨关节炎是衰老相关疾病,衰老与膝骨关节炎的发生发展密切相关,其中软骨细胞衰老在膝骨关节炎的病理进展中发挥关键作用。
目的:建立一种稳定的诱导性SD大鼠衰老膝骨关节炎模型。
方法:①动物实验:将40只SD大鼠随机分4组处理,空白对照组(n=10)不造模,D-半乳糖组(n=10)采用膝关节腔注射D-半乳糖溶液(每周注射1次,连续注射2个月)建立衰老膝骨关节炎模型,前交叉韧带离断组(n=10)采用前交叉韧带离断法建立膝骨关节炎模型,D-半乳糖+前交叉韧带离断组(n=10)前交叉韧带离断1周后膝关节腔注射D-半乳糖溶液(每周注射1次,连续注射2个月)建立衰老膝骨关节炎模型。造模后1周开始,4组大鼠均进行跑步运动,每天30 min,隔天1次。造模后第4,8周,行为学(Lequesne MG评分)检测后取材,进行膝关节滑液中炎症因子水平、膝关节软骨病理形态学、膝关节软骨透射电镜观察与膝关节软骨Ⅱ型胶原、聚集蛋白聚糖免疫组化染色检测。②细胞实验:造模后第4,8周,分离提取各组大鼠膝关节软骨细胞,分别进行流式细胞周期、β-半乳糖苷酶染色与γ-H2AX免疫荧光染色检测。
结果与结论:①动物实验:造模后第8周,造模3组大鼠Lequesne MG评分均高于空白对照组(P < 0.05),D-半乳糖+前交叉韧带离断组大鼠Lequesne MG评分高于D-半乳糖组、前交叉韧带离断组(P < 0.05)。造模后第4,8周,造模3组膝关节滑液中白细胞介素1β、白细胞介素6和肿瘤坏死因子α水平均高于空白对照组(P < 0.05),D-半乳糖+前交叉韧带离断组膝关节滑液中白细胞介素1β、白细胞介素6和肿瘤坏死因子α水平高于D-半乳糖组、前交叉韧带离断组(P < 0.05)。造模后第4,8周的苏木精-伊红、番红固绿染色与透射电镜观察结果显示,D-半乳糖+前交叉韧带离断组软骨损伤与软骨细胞线粒体损伤重于D-半乳糖组、前交叉韧带离断组;造模后第4,8周的免疫组化染色结果显示,空白对照组膝关节软骨中Ⅱ型胶原、聚集蛋白聚糖表达最高,D-半乳糖+前交叉韧带离断组膝关节软骨中Ⅱ型胶原、聚集蛋白聚糖表达低于D-半乳糖组、前交叉韧带离断组。②细胞实验:造模后第4,8周,D-半乳糖+前交叉韧带离断组软骨细胞G0/G1期细胞比例高于其他3组(P < 0.05),S期、G2/M期细胞比例低于其他3组(P < 0.05);D-半乳糖+前交叉韧带离断组软骨细胞β-半乳糖苷酶染色阳性率、H2AX免疫荧光强度均高于其他3组(P < 0.05)。③结果表明:D-半乳糖+前交叉韧带离断法可建立SD大鼠衰老膝骨关节炎模型,该模型能较好地模拟膝骨关节炎衰老退变的病理状态。 

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0564-0643 (吴祖贵) 


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 膝骨关节炎, 衰老, 大鼠, 动物模型, 前交叉韧带离断, D-半乳糖, 组织构建

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Knee osteoarthritis is an age-related disease, and aging is closely related to its occurrence and development. Chondrocyte senescence plays a crucial role in the pathological progression of knee osteoarthritis. 
OBJECTIVE: To establish a stable induced knee osteoarthritis model in SD rats. 
METHODS: (1) Animal experiment: Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: a blank control group (n=10) without modeling; a D-galactose group (n=10) with intra-articular injection of D-galactose solution (once a week for two months), establishing age-related knee osteoarthritis models; an anterior cruciate ligament transection group (n=10) with anterior cruciate ligament transection, establishing knee osteoarthritis models; and a D-galactose + anterior cruciate ligament transection group (n=10) with intra-articular injection of D-galactose solution (once a week for two months) one week after anterior cruciate ligament transection, establishing age-related knee osteoarthritis models. Starting one week after modeling, all four groups of rats underwent running exercise for 30 minutes daily, every other day. At weeks 4 and 8 post-modeling, after behavioral testing (Lequesne MG score), tissue samples were collected for analysis of inflammatory factor levels in knee synovial fluid, pathological morphology of knee cartilage, transmission electron microscopy observation of knee cartilage, and immunohistochemical staining for type II collagen and aggregates in knee cartilage. (2) Cell experiments: At weeks 4 and 8 post-modeling, knee chondrocytes were isolated and extracted from each group of rats. Flow cytometry was used for cell cycle analysis, β-galactosidase staining, and γ-H2AX immunofluorescence staining.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Animal experiments: At week 8 post-modeling, the Lequesne MG scores of rats in all three modeling groups were higher than those in the blank control group (P < 0.05). The Lequesne MG score of rats in the D-galactose + anterior cruciate ligament transection group was higher than that of the D-galactose group and the anterior cruciate ligament transection group (P < 0.05). At weeks 4 and 8 post-modeling, the levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α in the synovial fluid of the knee joints in all three modeling groups were higher than those in the blank control group (P < 0.05). The levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α in the synovial fluid of the knee joints in the D-galactose + anterior cruciate ligament transection group were higher than those in the D-galactose group and the anterior cruciate ligament transection group (P < 0.05). Hematoxylin-eosin and safranin-fast green staining and transmission electron microscopy at weeks 4 and 8 post-modeling showed that cartilage damage and chondrocyte mitochondrial damage were more severe in the D-galactose + anterior cruciate ligament transection group than in the D-galactose group and the anterior cruciate ligament transection group. Immunohistochemical staining results at weeks 4 and 8 after modeling showed that the expression of type II collagen and proteoglycans in the knee cartilage of the blank control group was the highest, while the expression of type II collagen and proteoglycans in the knee cartilage of the D-galactose + anterior cruciate ligament transection group was lower than that of the D-galactose group + anterior cruciate ligament transection group. (2) Cell experiments: At weeks 4 and 8 after modeling, the proportion of chondrocytes in the G0/G1 phase of the D-galactose + anterior cruciate ligament transection group was higher than that of the other three groups (P < 0.05), while the proportion of cells in the S phase and G2/M phase was lower than that of the other three groups (P < 0.05). The positive rate of β-galactosidase staining and the intensity of H2AX immunofluorescence in chondrocytes of the D-galactose + anterior cruciate ligament transection group were both higher than those of the other three groups (P < 0.05). These results indicate that the D-galactose + anterior cruciate ligament transection method can establish an aging knee osteoarthritis model in SD rats, and this model can better simulate the pathological state of aging and degeneration in knee osteoarthritis. 

Key words: knee osteoarthritis, aging, rat, animal model, anterior cruciate ligament transection, D-galactose, tissue construction 

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