中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (22): 5792-5803.doi: 10.12307/2026.180

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

miRNA靶向治疗骨质疏松症的应用策略

吴灵杰1,郑开元2,汪光蓉1,印  崇1,3   

  1. 川北医学院附属医院,1检验科,2康复科,四川省南充市   637000;3川北医学院检验医学院转化医学研究中心,四川省南充市   637000
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-16 接受日期:2025-08-31 出版日期:2026-08-08 发布日期:2025-12-27
  • 通讯作者: 吴灵杰,女,1996年生,汉族,川北医学院在读硕士,主要从事分子生物学与骨质疏松症防治的研究。
  • 作者简介:印崇,博士,副研究员,川北医学院附属医院检验科,四川省南充市 637000;川北医学院检验医学院转化医学研究中心,四川省南充市 637000
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年项目(32000924),项目负责人:印崇;四川省自然科学基金青年项目(23NSFSC6012),项目负责人:印崇;川北医附院2022年揭榜挂帅项目(2022JB007),项目负责人:印崇

Strategies for the application of miRNA-targeted therapy in the treatment of osteoporosis

Wu Lingjie1, Zheng Kaiyuan2, Wang Guangrong1, Yin Chong1, 3    

  1. 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, 2Department of Rehabilitation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China; 3Translational Medicine Research Center, School of Laboratory Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
  • Received:2025-06-16 Accepted:2025-08-31 Online:2026-08-08 Published:2025-12-27
  • Contact: Yin Chong, PhD, Associate researcher, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China; Translational Medicine Research Center, School of Laboratory Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
  • About author:Wu Lingjie, MS candidate, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China (Youth Project), No. 32000924 (to YC); Sichuan Provincial Natural Science Foundation (Youth Project), No. 23NSFSC6012 (to YC); 2022 Best Candidate Project of North Sichuan Medical College Affiliated Hospital, No. 2022JB007 (to YC) 

摘要:



文题释义:
miRNAs:是一种高度保守的非编码RNA分子,长度为20-25 nt,广泛存在于真核生物中(从植物、线虫到人类)。miRNAs本身不编码蛋白质,通过与靶mRNA碱基互补或不完全互补配对,切割mRNA或抑制靶mRNA翻译,以及介导mRNA脱腺苷化和衰变发挥调控作用。
骨质疏松症:是一种因骨形成与骨吸收失衡导致的代谢性骨病,严重威胁中老年人群的健康,多见于绝经后女性和老年男性。

背景:miRNA作为重要的基因转录后调控因子,在骨质疏松症的发生和发展过程中发挥着关键作用。通过对miRNA调节骨质疏松症生物学的深入探究,其潜在的疗愈机制得以揭示,此领域已成为当前研究的热门焦点。
目的:探讨miRNA在骨质疏松症发生中的调控作用及其分子机制,并对以miRNA为靶点的骨质疏松症治疗策略所遭遇的关键问题及其解决方案进行综述。
方法:以“miRNA,osteoporosis,angiogenesis,osteogenesis,gene therapy,drug delivery”为英文检索词,以“miRNA,
骨质疏松,基因治疗,核酸药物,递送载体”为中文检索词,检索PubMed、Web of Science数据库和中国知网2025年3月以前发表的文献。通过阅读文题和摘要进行初步筛选,排除相关性差、信息陈旧或观点重复且缺乏权威性的文献,最后纳入138篇文献进行综述。
结果与结论:①miRNA是一种高效的、应用范围广泛、可精准调控细胞活动的非编码RNA,在调控骨细胞功能与骨血管生成方面展现出显著的优势,在骨质疏松症的治疗中具有潜在价值;②尽管基于miRNA的靶向治疗药物在其他疾病领域已进入临床前研究阶段,但在临床转化过程中,仍面临核酸体内稳定性不足及脱靶效应的挑战;③针对miRNA疗法所面临的挑战,研究者们提出了多种应对策略,包括精准定位miRNA的靶基因降低脱靶效应;化学修饰提高核酸药物在体内的稳定性;降低核酸生产成本推进研究;利用病毒载体、外泌体和各类生物材料优化核酸药物的递送途径;④科技的进步在提升核酸药物载体性能上持续创新,未来终将达到精确而高效的药物递送及靶向治疗
效果。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8113-8911 (印崇)


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 骨质疏松症, miRNAs, 成骨细胞, 破骨细胞, 核酸药物, 纳米颗粒

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that miRNAs, as important post-transcriptional regulators of genes, play a key role in the onset and progression of osteoporosis. Through in-depth research on the biology of miRNA regulation of osteoporosis, its potential healing mechanisms have been revealed, and this field has become a hot focus of current research.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the regulatory role of miRNAs in the development of osteoporosis and their molecular mechanisms, and to provide an overview of the key difficulties encountered in the therapeutic strategies for osteoporosis targeting miRNAs and their solutions.
METHODS: We searched PubMed, Web of Science and CNKI databases for relevant literature published up to March 2025. The search terms were “miRNA, osteoporosis, angiogenesis, osteogenesis, gene therapy, drug delivery” in English and “miRNA, osteoporosis, gene therapy, ribonucleic acid drugs, delivery carrier” in Chinese. After reading the titles and abstracts for preliminary screening, we excluded the literature with poor relevance, old information, or repetitive views and lack of authority, and finally included 138 papers for review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) miRNAs are highly efficient non-coding RNAs with a wide range of applications that can precisely regulate cellular activities, and they show significant therapeutic potential in regulating osteoblast function and bone angiogenesis, which are potentially valuable in the treatment of osteoporosis. (2) Although miRNA-based targeted therapeutics have entered the preclinical research stage in other disease areas, they still face the challenges of insufficient in vivo stability of nucleic acids and off-target effects during clinical translation. (3) In response to the challenges faced by miRNA therapeutics, researchers have proposed a variety of strategies, including precise positioning of the target genes of miRNAs to reduce off-target effects; chemical modification to improve the stability of nucleic acid drugs in vivo; reducing the cost of nucleic acid production to advance the research; and optimizing the delivery pathways of nucleic acid drugs by using viral vectors, exosomes, and various types of biomaterials. (4) Advances in technology continue to drive innovation in improving the performance of nucleic acid drug carriers, ultimately achieving precise and efficient drug delivery and targeted therapeutic effects.

Key words: osteoporosis, miRNAs, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, nucleic acid drugs, nanoparticles

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